一种改进的单幅图像快速去雾方法与实验

目前,物理模型的单幅图像去雾已成为图像去雾算法研究的重点。在分析了暗原色先验知识的单幅图像去雾算法基础上,针对暗原色先验去雾算法时间复杂度大的缺点,比较了目前已有的暗原色先验改进去雾算法,提出了一种新的暗原色先验单幅图像去雾改进算法。通过引入快速、各向同性的低通高斯滤波器,实现对透射率图的平滑均匀,以代替暗原色去雾方法中精妙但时间复杂度高的软抠图算法;对于图像中图层交界处,提出了以区域中值滤波方法进行修正的算法,以及满足自适应要求的全局大气光求解详细算法。实验结果表明,结合了以上3点改进的快速去雾算法在保证图像去雾效果的同时,能大幅度提高暗原色去雾算法的速度,适用于对工程上的图像、视频实时去雾。     

An Approach to Underwater Image Enhancement Based on Image Structural Decomposition

Underwater imaging posts a challenge due to the degradation by the absorption and scattering occurred during light propagation as well as poor lighting conditions in water medium. Although image filtering techniques are utilized to improve image quality effectively, problems of the distortion of image details and the bias of color correction still exist in output images due to the complexity of image texture distribution. This paper proposes a new underwater image enhancement method based on image structural decomposition. By introducing a curvature factor into the Mumford_Shah_G decomposition algorithm, image details and structure components are better preserved without the gradient effect. Thus, histogram equalization and Retinex algorithms are applied in the decomposed structure component for global image enhancement and non-uniform brightness correction for gray level and the color images, then the optical absorption spectrum in water medium is incorporate to improve the color correction. Finally, the enhanced structure and preserved detail component are recomposed to generate the output. Experiments with real underwater images verify the image improvement by the proposed method in image contrast, brightness and color fidelity.     

基于暗原色先验去雾算法的研究与改进

在雾天情况下,室外采集到的图像易受到噪声干扰,质量降低,清晰度下降。在对常用的几种图像去雾方法的对比分析及研究的基础上,提出了改进的基于小波变换结合暗原色先验去雾的快速算法。通过小波分解可求出近似环境光,对环境光,大气光的估计,可对原图像进行复原。实验表明,改进的算法不但去雾效果明显,图像色彩丰富,而且可以有效地减少运行时间,提高运行速度。     

ROV based underwater blurred image restoration

1　Introduction　TheROV (RemoteOperatedVehicle)isakindofsystemthatcanbeusedforunderwatermeasurementanddetection (Caimi,1996 ;KevernandLeGall,1991) .Inthispaper ,theirradianceofthelightre flectedbythetargetthroughwaterbodiesindifferentconditionsissimulatedbyacomputer .Underdiffer entwaterconditions,therelationbetweentheirradi anceandthedistanceispresented .Thenthemaxi mumdetectiondistanceofthedetectorcanbeob tained .WealsorestoretheunderwaterblurryimagesusingtheWienerfilterbasedonthesimula…     

Underwater Target Detection Based on Reinforcement Learning and Ant Colony Optimization

Underwater optical imaging produces images with high resolution and abundant information and hence has outstanding advantages in short-distance underwater target detection.However,low-light and high-noise scenarios pose great challenges in un-derwater image and video analyses.To improve the accuracy and anti-noise performance of underwater target image edge detection,an underwater target edge detection method based on ant colony optimization and reinforcement learning is proposed in this paper.First,the reinforcement learning concept is integrated into artificial ants’movements,and a variable radius sensing strategy is pro-posed to calculate the transition probability of each pixel.These methods aim to avoid undetection and misdetection of some pixels in image edges.Second,a double-population ant colony strategy is proposed,where the search process takes into account global search and local search abilities.Experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively extract the contour information of underwater targets and keep the image texture well and also has ideal anti-interference performance.     

Underwater topography detection of Taiwan Shoal with SAR images

Under suitable conditions of tidal current and wind, underwater topography can be detected by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) indirectly. Underwater topography SAR imaging includes three physical processes: radar ocean surface backscattering, the modulation of sea surface short wave spectrum by the variations in sea surface currents, and the modulation of sea surface currents by the underwater topography. The first process is described usually by Bragg scattering theory because the incident angle of SAR is always between 20°–70°. The second process is described by the action balance equation. The third process is described by an ocean hydrodynamic model. Based on the SAR imaging mechanism for underwater topography, an underwater topography SAR detection model and a simplified method for its calculation are introduced. In the detection model, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model — the shallow water model is used to describe the motion of tidal current. Due to the difficulty of determining the expression of SAR backscattering cross section in which some terms can not be determined, the backscattering cross section of SAR image used in the underwater topography SAR detection is pro-processed by the simulated SAR image of the coarse-grid water depth to simplify the calculation. Taiwan Shoal, located at the southwest outlet of Taiwan Strait, is selected as an evaluation area for this technique due to the occurrence of hundreds of sand waves. The underwater topography of Taiwan Shoal was detected by two scenes of ERS-2 SAR images which were acquired on 9 January 2000 and 6 June 2004. The detection results are compared with in situ measured water depths for three profiles. The average absolute and relative errors of the best detection result are 2.23 m and 7.5 %, respectively. These show that the detection model and the simplified method introduced in the paper is feasible.     

Sound propagation in two-axis underwater channel based on beam-displacement ray-mode theory

Sound propagation in a deep ocean two-axis underwater channel is often complex and difficult to simulate between surface channel and sound fixing and ranging (SOFAR) channel. The beam-displacement ray-mode (BDRM) theory is a normal mode method for propagation modeling in horizontally stratified shallow water. An improved method for computing the upper boundary reflection coefficient in the BDRM is proposed and applied to calculate the acoustic fields of a two-axis underwater channel. Transmission losses in the two-axis underwater channel are calculated in the new BDRM. The corresponding results are in good agreement with those from the Kraken code, and furthermore the computed speed of the new BDRM excels the other methods.     

Underwater Object Recognition Based on Deep Encoding-Decoding Network

Ocean underwater exploration is a part of oceanography that investigates the physical and biological conditions for scientific and commercial purposes. And video technology plays an important role and is extensively applied for underwater environment observation. Different from the conventional methods, video technology explores the underwater ecosystem continuously and non-invasively. However, due to the scattering and attenuation of light transport in the water, complex noise distribution and lowlight condition cause challenges for underwater video applications including object detection and recognition. In this paper, we propose a new deep encoding-decoding convolutional architecture for underwater object recognition. It uses the deep encoding-decoding network for extracting the discriminative features from the noisy low-light underwater images. To create the deconvolutional layers for classification, we apply the deconvolution kernel with a matched feature map, instead of full connection, to solve the problem of dimension disaster and low accuracy. Moreover, we introduce data augmentation and transfer learning technologies to solve the problem of data starvation. For experiments, we investigated the public datasets with our proposed method and the state-of-the-art methods. The results show that our work achieves significant accuracy. This work provides new underwater technologies applied for ocean exploration.     

DESIGN OF MODULATION AND COMPRESSION CODING IN UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC IMAGE TRANSMISSION

This paper describes the design of modulation, compression coding and transmission control in underwater acoustic color image transmission system. This design adapts a special system of modulation and transmission control based on a DSP(Digital Signal Processing) chip, to cope with the complex underwater acoustic channel. The hardware block diagram and software flow chart are presented.     

基于局部维纳滤波的交通图像去雾霾算法

为了提高雾霾天退化交通图像的色彩保真度和清晰度,基于局部维纳滤波并结合暗通道先验理论提出一种快速去雾霾算法。传统的基于暗通道先验理论的去雾霾算法对单一户外场景图像取得了不错的效果,但在处理较高分辨率交通图像时,需要消耗大量的计算和存储资源;同时,不能很好处理图像中的一些白色区域,会导致该区域色彩失真。针对这两个问题展开研究:首先,基于局部维纳滤波并结合暗通道先验原则优化大气散射光,进而得到细化的透射率;其次,通过动态调节参数的大小以适应天空等明亮区域地去雾霾处理;最后,将所提算法用于实例验证,结果表明算法不但可以保证交通图像白色区域的色彩不失真,而且去雾霾效率提高4~25倍。     

分割暗通道先验邻域的单幅图像去雾算法

利用暗原色先验进行单幅图像去雾时,需采取高计算复杂度的细化程序,否则其估计的传输率易在边界处造成光晕。对导致边界处产生光晕现象的原因进行分析时发现,计算复杂度高的细化程序在去除晕轮效应时去雾过度,且传统的基于暗原色先验的单幅去雾算法在明亮区域易造成色彩失真现象。由此在原来的透射率估计时,提出一种基于色调的简单而快速的邻域分割方法。首先将原始RGB图像转换到HSI色彩空间,在H（Hue）通道中,用邻域中的点与中心点的色调的差值绝对值,来判断该邻域内的点是否属于同一区域,只使用属于同一区域的像素点来计算该区域的暗原色值;再通过修正透射率值,来校正明亮区域的色彩失真。在图像复原时,在HSI色彩空间保留色调分量不变,仅对强度分量运用修改的暗原色值进行去雾,再进行非线性增强,最后对饱和度分量进行颜色补偿。实验表明,本文的去雾算法能够显著提高场景的视觉清晰度,而且不需要图像后续修补,并能获得更好的色彩视觉保真。     

基于最大公约数的遥感影像空间尺度转换算法

多源、多尺度遥感影像为研究不同尺度的地表变化提供了丰富的数据。但其在作比较研究时,通常会涉及空间尺度统一问题,当多源遥感影像之间的空间分辨率为非整倍数关系时,其空间尺度统一相对困难。为此,本文针对多源、多尺度遥感影像间尺度比较时所涉及的空间尺度转换问题,提出了最大公约数的空间尺度转换算法,并以IKONOS多光谱影像为数据源,采用若干商业软件和本文所提算法进行空间尺度转换比较实验;同时,利用均值、标准差和相关系数等6个评价指标对空间尺度变换后的影像进行定量评价。结果表明,本文提出的空间尺度转换方法对原始影像的光谱信息等特征具有很好的保真性,简单易行,可实现遥感影像任意空间尺度的转换,解决了多源遥感影像之间的空间分辨率为非整倍数关系时的空间尺度转换问题。     

Landslide data mosaicking based on an airborne laser point cloud and multi-beam sonar images

Landslides are one of the most disastrous geological hazards in southwestern China. Once a landslide becomes unstable, it threatens the lives and safety of local residents. However, empirical studies on landslides have predominantly focused on landslides that occur on land. To this end, we aim to investigate ashore and underwater landslide data synchronously. This study proposes an optimized mosaicking method for ashore and underwater landslide data. This method fuses an airborne laser point cloud with multi-beam depth sounder images.Owing to their relatively high efficiency and large coverage area, airborne laser measurement systems are suitable for emergency investigations of landslides.Based on the airborne laser point cloud, the traversal of the point with the lowest elevation value in the point set can be used to perform rapid extraction of the crude channel boundaries. Further meticulous extraction of the channel boundaries is then implemented using the probability mean value optimization method. In addition, synthesis of the integrated ashore and underwater landslide data angle is realized using the spatial guide line between the channel boundaries and the underwater multibeam sonar images. A landslide located on the right bank of the middle reaches of the Yalong River is selected as a case study to demonstrate that the proposed method has higher precision thantraditional methods. The experimental results show that the mosaicking method in this study can meet the basic needs of landslide modeling and provide a basis for qualitative and quantitative analysis and stability prediction of landslides.     

遥感影像直方图修正及彩色变换

遥感技术是当前人类研究地球资源环境的一种主要技术手段。针对遥感影像的特点 ,对其进行直方图修正及彩色变换的数字图像处理 ,用VC ++6 .0程序设计语言 ,实现几种变换     

Real-Time Position and Attitude Estimation for Homing and Docking of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Based on Bionic Polarized Optical Guidance

As an important tool for marine exploration, the autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV) must home in and dock at a docking station(DS) to be recharged, repaired, or to exchange information at set intervals. However, the complex and hostile underwater environment makes this process challenging. This study proposes a real-time method based on polarized optical guidance for determining the position and attitude of the AUV relative to its DS. Four polarized artificial underwater landmarks are positioned at the DS, which are recognized by the AUV vision system. Compared with light intensity, the polarization of a light beam is known to be better maintained at greater propagation distances, especially in underwater environments. The proposed method, which is inspired by the ability of marine animals to communicate, calculates the pose parameters in less than 10 ms without any other navigational information. The simulation results reveal that the angle errors are small and the position errors are no more than 0.116 m within 100 m in the coastal ocean. The results of underwater experiments further demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method, which extends the operating distance of the AUV beyond what is currently possible while maintaining the precision of traditional optical guidance.     

复合类别支持的多元线性回归遥感影像色彩归一化方法

受植被时相变化、传感器畸变、获取时刻大气条件等因素的影响,不同时间获取的遥感影像存在色彩差异,而逐波段的色彩归一化容易引起新的色彩畸变。因此,本文提出一种复合类别支持的多元线性回归遥感影像色彩归一化方法,在输入影像和参考影像逐波段高斯归一化的基础上,进行复合聚类,确定各像元的复合类别;在迭代去除变化像元的基础上,将类别中心作为控制点,建立多元线性回归方程,并据此对输入影像进行处理。2组影像的试验结果表明,本文方法相对于传统方法在整体精度、色彩保持等方面具有较大的优势。     

结合改进的降斑各向异性扩散和最大类间方差的SAR图像水体提取

利用遥感成像技术获取地面水体信息对水资源调查、自然灾害评估、流域规划和生态环境监测等具有重要意义,其中SAR成像作为大范围地面监测的可靠数据源,拥有全天时、全天候、广覆盖等光学遥感系统所不具有的优点,在水体提取中得到了广泛的应用。但由于受SAR图像相干斑噪声的影响,现有水体提取方法难以迅速、精确提取SAR图像中复杂精细的自然水体结构。为此,提出一种结合改进的降斑各向异性扩散和最大类间方差的SAR图像水体提取方法。首先,利用降斑各向异性扩散滤波SAR图像,在迭代滤波过程中通过计算图像间平均结构相似度自适应控制迭代过程,使其同时保持精细边缘和纹理结构;然后,以类间方差最大为准则,自适应确定阈值,实现滤波结果图像二值化分割。在二值化分割结果中,搜索具有相同像元值且位置相邻的前景像元点组成的连通区域,使每个单独的连通区域形成一个被标识的块,通过获取这些块的几何参数来消除图像的误分割,精确划定真实的水体区域,以实现SAR图像水体提取。为了验证提出方法的准确性,将本文方法提取的水体边界与人工绘制的水体边界叠加,结果表明二者可较好吻合。同时,从视觉、提取精度和运行时间对本文方法与目前常用3种SAR图像水体提取算法的结果进行比较分析,其中本文方法的运行时间满足实时应用的要求,提取结果的边界在2个像元评级区重叠度均达到80%,明显优于其他方法且本文方法提取结果在边界及细节信息等视觉方面也更加显著。对结果的定性及定量评价表明本文方法的优越性。     

广汉机场一次非典型辐射平流雾的天气诊断分析

为探索广汉机场雾发生发展的机制,确保飞行安全,提高预报准确率,利用广汉机场地面观测资料、Mi—caps系统下的常规观测资料、探空资料和NCEP／NCAR再分析资料,采用天气诊断分析方法,对2012年11月13日-15日广汉机场持续性的辐射平流雾进行分析。结果表明,雾是在稳定的天气背景下形成。夜间地面长波辐射冷却触发了这次雾的形成,而在轻雾转大雾期间,地面长波辐射冷却作用明显减弱,低层暖湿平流则起到了主要作用。与典型辐射平流雾不同的是成雾后,机场由脊前西北气流转为南支槽前西南气流控制,天空中云量的迅速增加使得雾进一步加强。     

Intelligent identification of remnant ridge edges in region west of Yongxing Island,South China Sea

Edge detection enables identification of geomorphologic unit boundaries and thus assists with geomorphical mapping. In this paper, an intelligent edge identification method is proposed and image processing techniques are applied to multi-beam bathymetry data. To accomplish this, a color image is generated by the bathymetry, and a weighted method is used to convert the color image to a gray image. As the quality of the image has a significant influence on edge detection, different filter methods are applied to the gray image for de-noising. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and mean square error are calculated to evaluate which filter method is most appropriate for depth image filtering and the edge is subsequently detected using an image binarization method. Traditional image binarization methods cannot manage the complicated uneven seafloor, and therefore a binarization method is proposed that is based on the difference between image pixel values; the appropriate threshold for image binarization is estimated according to the probability distribution of pixel value differences between two adjacent pixels in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. Finally, an eight-neighborhood frame is adopted to thin the binary image, connect the intermittent edge, and implement contour extraction. Experimental results show that the method described here can recognize the main boundaries of geomorphologic units. In addition, the proposed automatic edge identification method avoids use of subjective judgment, and reduces time and labor costs.     

STUDY ON FREQUENCY CODING ANTI—INTERFERENCE SYSTEM FOR DATA TRANSMISSION IN SHALLOW WATER ACOUSTIC CHANNELS

Achieving reliable underwater communication in shallow water acoustic channels is a difficult because of the random time-varying nature of multipath propagation,severe amplitude fluctuation,and spatial variability of the channel conditions.This paper describes a new signal processing technique-frequency coding and decoding by means of real-time measurement of signal width,jamming and suppressing multipath interference and using redundant coder.The application of the technique to thd model ZTY-1 status monitor for underwater system of seabed is introduced in this paper.The main principle,the technique specifications and the key techniques of the system are discussed here.Theoretical estimations and experimental results proved that the performance of the system is excellent.The method can be used for some other related low-data-rate data transmission detecting in shallow water acoustic channel.