民国中期湖南洞庭湖区耕地空间格局重建

土地覆被变化是影响气候系统的重要因素,在全球气候变化研究中具有重要的研究意义,网格化的历史土地利用数据集广泛应用于各类全球变化模式。本文以民国中期军事地形图为基础数据源,以现代行政区划为底图,重建了该时期湖南洞庭湖地区耕地的空间分布。同时为了与最新的HYDE 3.1数据集进行对比,在此基础上获得空间分辨率为10 km×10 km的耕地数据,结果表明：① 民国中期湖南洞庭湖区总耕地面积约为11 432.01 km ²,占研究区域面积的44%,其中汉寿县、华容县、鼎城区和澧县等地耕地面积分布最多,且以围堤耕地为主。分布相对较少的地区有临澧县、汨罗市、岳阳县,以非围堤耕地为主;② 该时段内洞庭湖区耕地垦殖率较大,最大值超过90%,其中高垦区（垦殖率>40%）范围占研究区面积61%,且主要分布在河湖港汊和冲积平原地貌单元上;中低垦区（<=40%）范围占研究区面积39%,主要分布在环湖丘陵地貌单元上;③ 与HYDE 3.1数据对比发现,单位格网（10 km×10 km）内重建的耕地面积结果误差大于40%的比例为17%,且表现为受河流分布影响为主。湖区相对周围重建结果差异更大,HYDE 3.1数据集重建区域尺度较大,较难考虑到小区域范围的水系分布状况,导致其在湖南洞庭湖区重建精度相对较低。     

Effect of cropland occupation and supplement on light-temperature potential productivity in China from 2000 to 2008

There are more people but less land in China,so food safety has always been a most important issue government concerned.With continuous population increase,economic development and environment protection,cropland occupation and supplement are unavoidable.It not only leads to the variation of cropland area,but also makes the light-temperature potential productivity per unit area different due to regional climate differentiation,therefore impacts the total potential productivity and food output eventually.So,it is necessary to analyze the climate differentiation between occupation and supplement cropland areas and to study its impact on total potential productivity,which is significant to reasonably develop natural resources and instruct agricultural arrangement.This study firstly discussed the variation and distribution of occupation and supplement croplands in China from 2000 to 2008,then analyzed the climate differentiation between occupation and supplement cropland areas and its effect on light-temperature potential productivity.The results demonstrate:1) From 2000 to 2008,the cropland variation presented occupation in the south and supplement in the north,but overall decreased.Supplement cropland was mainly from ecological reclamation(77.78%) and was mainly distributed in Northeast China and Northwest China with poor climatic and natural conditions.Occupation cropland was mainly used for construction(52.88%) and ecological restoration(44.78%) purposes,and was mainly distributed in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,and the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River with better climatic and natural conditions.2) The climate conditions were quite different in supplement and occupation cropland areas.The annual precipitation,annual accumulated temperature and average annual temperature were lower in the supplement cropland area,and its average po-tential productivity per unit was only 62% of occupation cropland area,which was the main reason for the decrease of total potential productivity.3) Cropland occupation and supplement led to the variation of total potential productivity and its spatial distribution.The productivity decreased in the south and increased in the north,but had a net loss of 4.38315×107 t in the whole country.The increase of cropland area was at the cost of reclaiming natural forest and grassland resources,and destroying natural ecological environment,while the decrease of cropland area was mainly due to a lot of cropland occupied by urban-rural construction,which threatened the sustainable use of cropland resources.     

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Coastal Wetlands and Reclamation in the Yangtze Estuary During Past 50 Years(1960s–2015)

Reclamation is one of the fastest-growing land use type developed in coastal areas and has caused degradation and loss of coastal wetlands as well as serious environmental problems. This paper was aimed at monitoring the spatiotemporal patterns of coastal wetlands and reclamation in the Yangtze Estuary during the 1960s and 2015. Satellite images obtained from 1980 to 2015 and topography maps of the 1960 s were employed to extract changes of reclamation and coastal wetlands. Area-weight centroids were calculated to identify the movement trend of reclamation and coastal wetlands. The results show that from the 1960 s to 2015, the net area of natural wetlands declined by 574.3 km~2, while man-made wetlands and reclamation increased by 553.6 and 543.9 km~2, respectively. During the five study phases, the fastest areal change rate natural wetlands was –13.3 km~2/yr in the period of 1990–2000, and that of man-made areas was 24.7 km~2/yr in the same period, and the areal change rate of reclamation was 27.6 km~2/yr in the period of 2000–2010. Conversion of coastal wetlands mainly occurred in the Chongming Island, Changshu City and the east coast of Shanghai Municipality. Reclamation was common across coastal areas, and was mainly attributed to settlement and man-made wetlands in the Chongming Island, Lianyungang City and the east coast of Shanghai Municipality. Natural wetlands turned into farmlands and settlement, and man-made wetlands gained from reclamation of farmlands. The centroid of natural wetlands generally moved towards the sea, man-made wetlands expanded equally in all directions and inland, and the centroid of reclamation migrated toward Shanghai Municipality. Sea level rise, erosion-deposition changes, and reclamation activities together determine the dynamics of the Yangtze Estuary wetlands. However, reclamation activities for construction of ports, industries and aquaculture are the key causes for the dynamics. The results from this study on the dynamics of coastal wetlands and reclamation are valuable for local government to put forward sustainable land use and land development plans.     

基于伪纯像元的精度评价策略及其应用

土地覆被是地球科学研究中的重要参量,评价土地覆被数据的制图精度是保障数据合理使用的前提。本文提出了一种基于伪纯像元的精度评价策略(伪纯像元策略),即当低空间分辨率栅格窗口内对应的高空间分辨率数据中优势类别(面积最大的地类)的占比高于伪纯像元纯度阈值(代表像元纯度,取值范围:35%～100%,步长为5%)时,以此栅格窗口为基准生成土地覆被类型为优势类别的伪纯像元用于精度评价。以澜沧江-湄公河(澜湄)流域为试验区,选择GlobeLand30为参考数据,并基于混淆矩阵精度评价方法对比分析了伪纯像元策略与重采样法(最近邻法和众数法)在CCI-LC(300 m)和MCD12Q1(500 m)2套全球土地覆被数据精度评价中的差异。结果表明:(1)伪纯像元策略在35%～100%纯度阈值下对CCI-LC和MCD12Q1在澜湄流域评价的精度分别为72.76%～55.26%和71.44%～45.41%,比重采样法评价的单一精度(众数法:71.21%和70.54%、最近邻法:71.48和69.87%)能更好地反映像元纯度对土地覆被数据精度的影响;(2) CCI-LC的总体精度高于MCD12Q1,且2套数据的...     

Land use/cover changes and environmental consequences in Songnen Plain, Northeast China

The Songnen Plain in Northeast China, one of the key national bases of agricultural production, went through remarkable land use/cover changes in recent years. This study aimed to explore the long-term land use/cover changes and the effects of these changes on the environment. The Landsat-based analysis showed that, during 1986–2000, cropland, built-up land and barren land had increased, among which cropland had the largest increase of 9,198km² with an increase rate of 7.5%. Woodland, grassland, water body and swampland had decreased correspondingly, among which grassland had the most dramatic decrease of 6,127km² with a decrease rate of 25.6%. The transition matrix results revealed that grassland, woodland and swampland were the three main land use types converted to cropland. Climate warming created the potential environment for the conversion of grassland and swampland into cropland. Land resources policy made by central and provincial governments of China affected the pattern and intensity of land use. Land use/cover changes accompanied by climatic variation brought out a series of environmental consequences, such as sand desertification of land, land salinization and alkalinization, grassland degradation, and more frequent floods. Under this circumstance, optimized land use structure and restoration measures are needed.     

Comparison between reconstructions of global anthropogenic land cover change over past two millennia

Three global datasets, the History Database of the Global Environment (HYDE), Kaplan and Krumhardt (KK) and Pongratz of reconstructed anthropogenic land cover change (ALCC) were introduced and compared in this paper. The HYDE dataset was reconstructed by Goldewijk and his colleagues at the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment in Netherland, covering the past 12 000 years. The KK dataset was reconstructed by Kaplan and his colleagues, the Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Research Group at the Institute of Environmental Engineering in Switzerland, covering the past 8000 years. The Pongratz dataset was reconstructed by Pon-gratz and her colleagues at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Germany, covering AD 800-1992. The results show that the reconstructed datasets are quite different from each other due to the different methods used. The three datasets all allocated the historical ALCC according to human population density. The main reason causing the differences among the three datasets lies on the different relationships between population density and land use used in each reconstructed dataset. The KK dataset is better than the other two datasets for two important reasons. First, it used the nonlinear relationship between population density and land use, while the other two used the linear relationship. Second, Kaplan and his colleagues adopted the technological development and intensification parameters and considered the wood harvesting and the long-term fallow area resulted from shifting cultivation, which were neglected in the reconstructions of the other two datasets. Therefore, the KK dataset is more suitable as one of the anthropogenic forcing fields for climate simulation over the past two millennia that is recently concerned by two projects, the National Basic Research Program and the Strategic and Special Frontier Project of Science and Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Land cover change in different altitudes of Guizhou-Guangxi karst mountain area,China: patterns and drivers

Topography, especially altitude, will influence the way, process and characteristics of land cover changes in mountainous area, simultaneously, the vertical difference of land cover changes will affect soil quality and regional ecological environment. Therefore, the gradient relationship analysis between land cover changes and altitude is very important for regional sustainability. This study investigated land cover dynamics based on land cover data from a typical mountainous area in the Guizhou-Guangxi karst mountain area, China, in 2000 and 2010, then explored the relationship between altitude and land cover change and analyzed different drivers of land cover change at different altitudes. Our findings are as follows. 1) From 2000 to 2010, the total area of land cover transition was 7167.04 km~2 or 2.8% of the region. The increasing area of build-up land(926.23 km~2) was larger than that of forest(859.38 km~2), suggesting that the urban construction speed was higher than that of reforestation. 2) Intensity of land cover transition in northwestern Guizhou-Guangxi karst mountain area was much larger than that of southeast part and their transition trend was also significantly different, which was consistent with regional population and economy. 3) Human activity was the most dramatic at altitudes between 0–500 m. For 500–1000 m, grassland mainly converted to forest and build-up land. Area of land cover transition was the greatest between 1000–1500 m, while above 1500 m, the transition of grassland was the most obvious. 4) The drivers of land cover change varied. Land cover change was positively correlated with gross domestic product and population density but was inversely related to relief amplitude. There were correlations between land cover change and distance to roads and rivers, and their correlations varied with altitude. By revealing patterns and causes of land cover changes in different altitudes, we hope to understand the vertical dependence of land cover changes, so as to improve land productivity and protect land ecological environment scientifically.     

河南省GlobeLand30数据精度评价及对比分析

全球地表覆盖数据在气候变化研究、地理国情监测、生态环境保护等方面发挥着重要作用,2014年中国国家基础地理信息中心推出了全球最高30 m分辨率的地表覆盖遥感制图数据产品GlobeLand30。本文以2010年1:10万中国土地利用数据为参考,采用空间统计、面积一致性以及误差矩阵等分析方法,对河南省GlobeLand30、GlobCover2009、MCD12Q1数据进行精度评价和对比分析研究,结果表明：① 3种地表覆盖数据对河南省土地构成的描述基本一致,即以耕地、林地为主,草地、水体和人造地表为辅,但分类土地面积存在大小不同的差异;② GlobeLand30的总体精度和Kappa系数最高,MCD12Q1次之,GlobCover2009最低。3种数据中耕地和林地的精度均较高,草地的精度较差,GlobeLand30中水体和人造地表的生产者精度远高于其他2种数据,使用者精度相差不大;③ 地表覆盖数据与参考数据在空间上存在类型混淆情况,混淆主要发生于林地、草地、水体、人造地表与耕地之间,GlobeLand30的混淆程度要低于其他2种数据。     

LAND RECLAMATION PROCESS IN NORTHEAST CHINA SINCE 1900

Landuse/coverchange(LUCC)isafocalthemeandemergingissueinthestudyofglobalenvironmentalchange.Humanmodificationsandalterationstotheenvironmentcauseimpactsonthesurfaceoftheearth,threatenglobalsustainabilityandlivelihoodsystems,andcontributetochangeinthebiogeochemicalcyclesoftheearth,whichinturnaffectatmosphericlevelsofgreenhouseandothertracegases.ConsequentlytheInternationalGeosphere-BiosphereProgram(IGBP)andtheInternationalHumanDimensionsProgram(IHDP)initiatedLUCCProgramtodevelopabette…     

全球土地覆被数据集中哈萨克斯坦草地分布的异同及其成因

受社会制度变迁和气候变化的影响,哈萨克斯坦是中亚地区生态退化和草畜矛盾问题最为突出的国家。近百年来,放牧方式的改变、农业开垦的占用、加之暖干化的气候变化影响,使得哈萨克斯坦各类草地生态系统变化的时空格局具有鲜明的特点。因此,研究哈萨克斯坦草地退化的过程与机制对认识中亚地区草地生态系统对气候变化和人类活动的响应尤为重要,也是对绿色丝路建设过程中区域生态可持续发展的科学支撑。土地覆被数据是生态变化研究的基础数据,但目前广泛使用的各套全球数据集间往往存在很大的差异,这会导致对生态变化成因的认知以及对未来变化的模型模拟产生更大的不确定性。本研究从对草地类型识别的定义、空间分布的一致性和空间分布差异的原因3方面对比5类全球土地覆被数据（UMD 1992-1993、MCD12Q1 2001、GLC 2000、CCI-LC 2000、Glob Cover 2005）中哈萨克斯坦草地分布的异同,以期为哈萨克斯坦的相关研究中土地覆被数据集的选择提供依据。研究结果表明：① 分类系统中对草地类型的界定、遥感数据源、辅助分类数据、分类方法、验证数据和方法的不同是5套数据草地资源分布差异的主要原因,其中MCD12Q1数据与其他4套数据的草地分布面积相差最大;② 5套数据中草地分布都重叠（完全一致）或四套数据重叠（高度一致）的区域仅占39.66%,主要位于哈萨克斯坦典型草原带和部分半荒漠草原带;围绕典型草地分布区,空间一致性由内向外逐渐降低。5套数据完全不一致区域占26.78%,主要位于荒漠草原带;③ CCI-LC2000数据与其他几类数据的重叠区域最高,有76%的草地与5套数据的完全一致以及高度一致区重叠;在分布不一致区域中,极易造成混淆的土地覆被类型主要为旱作耕地、灌溉耕地、耕地与自然植被镶嵌体、裸地以及灌丛。     

Regional Differences of China′s Urban Expansion from Late 20th to Early 21st Century Based on Remote Sensing Information

This study investigated the regional differences of China′s urban land expansion from the late 1980s to the year of 2008, based on the spatio-temporal analysis of CLCD (China′s land cover/land use database) datasets which were mainly produced from remote sensing imagery data. A newly defined urbanization level index (UI), based on urban land area, is proposed to describe Chinese urban expansion process at 1 kilometer, provincial, regional, and na-tional scales, together with the absolute urban expansion index (UEa) and the relative urbanization expansion index (UEr). The results indicate that the percentages of total land area occupied by urban in the late 1980s, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2008 were approximately 0.25%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.43% and 0.52% of China′s total land area, respectively. Between the late 1980s and 2008, the total urban expansion in the mainland of China was 2.645 × 104 km2, resulting in an annual urban expansion area of about 1322.7 km2/yr, with the UEr of 111.9%. This study also finds that there has been an obvious spatial gradient of urbanization ratio running from the east coast to the west inland, and the urbanization gaps among different regions have persisted over the past two decades. The study also reveals obvious temporal varia-tions of the urbanization rates. There was very little urban growth during the period of 1995-2000 due to the governmental policy factors.     

面向对象方法和多源遥感数据的杭州湾海岸线提取分析

本文以1983-2011年的多源遥感数据为基础,利用GIS空间分析和地图代数功能,提取杭州湾海岸线,分析了其变迁的位置、长度,以及增加和减少的陆地面积。结果表明:受到自然和人为因素的影响,杭州湾南北两岸的海岸线变迁规律不同。杭州湾北岸1983-1993年共有60.2km的海岸线向陆迁移,最大迁移距离0.6km,减少的陆地面积共为23.5km2。1993-2011年由于围垦和工业填海北岸向海迁移。其中,1993-2002年最大迁移距离3.6km,新增陆地面积42.5km2,2002-2011年最大迁移距离2.9km,新增陆地面积61.0km2。由于淤积和围垦,杭州湾南岸海岸线不断向海迁移,1983-1993年、1993-2002年和2002-2011年向海迁移最大距离分别是1.8km、2.7km和5.1km,新增陆地面积分别为34.3km2、230.2km2及331.7km2。海岸线向海迁移的速度越来越快,规模越来越大。研究成果对于地图制图、滨海湿地生态资源管理,以及海岸线保护具有十分重要的意义。     

矢量数据属性信息无损栅格化的实现方法——以全国1:25万土地覆被数据为例

矢量和栅格是GIS应用中两种基本的地学数据格式。与矢量数据相比,栅格数据利于空间建模和空间分析,且是空间尺度分析应用中常用的数据格式。一般来讲,较大尺度的矢量数据,涉及到保密性和知识产权的问题,若将这类矢量数据栅格化后,所得栅格数据由于其空间坐标精度相对降低而更易于实现数据共享。随着地学信息收集技术的不断发展,栅格数据正逐渐成为地学应用主要的数据格式。然而,传统的栅格化是一个伴随有属性信息损失的过程,主要原因在于一个栅格单元区域内存在混合类型。针对现阶段栅格化过程中的这个问题,本文以2005年全国1:25万土地覆被矢量数据为例,提出了一种在ArcGIS软件环境下,依据"在一个单元格网中,一种土地覆被类型表达为一个GRID图层"的原则,结合POLYGRID命令及其{LOOKUP_TABLE} INFO文件进行土地覆被矢量数据无属性信息损失栅格化的方法。该方法可为相关研究人员在今后处理和分析地理空间数据的工作提供新的思路,以及为空间尺度的应用研究提供有价值的参考。     

Errors prediction for vector-to-raster conversion based on map load and cell size

Vector-to-raster conversion is a process accompanied with errors.The errors are classified into predicted errors before rasterization and actual errors after that.Accurate prediction of the errors is beneficial to developing reasonable rasterization technical schemes and to making products of high quality.Analyzing and establishing a quantitative relationship between the error and its affecting factors is the key to error prediction.In this study,land cover data of China at a scale of 1:250 000 were taken as an example for analyzing the relationship between rasterization errors and the density of arc length(DA),the density of polygon(DP) and the size of grid cells(SG).Significant correlations were found between the errors and DA,DP and SG.The correlation coefficient(R2) of a model established based on samples collected in a small region(Beijing) reaches 0.95,and the value of R2 is equal to 0.91 while the model was validated with samples from the whole nation.On the other hand,the R2 of a model established based on nationwide samples reaches 0.96,and R2 is equal to 0.91 while it was validated with the samples in Beijing.These models depict well the relationships between rasterization errors and their affecting factors(DA,DP and SG).The analyzing method established in this study can be applied to effectively predicting rasterization errors in other cases as well.     

Urban expansion and its influencing factors in Natural Wetland Distribution Area in Fuzhou City, China

This paper principally focuses on land use dynamics,urban expansion and underlying driving forces in the Natural Wetland Distribution Area(NWDA)of Fuzhou City in the southeastern China.Based on time series Landsat TM/ETM+imageries and historical data,relationships between urban land expansion and its influencing factors from 1989 to 2009 were analyzed by using an integrated approach of remote sensing(RS)and geographic information system(GIS)techniques.The results showed that built-up land increased from 151.16 km2in 1989 to 383.76 km 2in 2009. Approximately 64.25%of the newly emerging built-up land was converted from cropland(29.47%),forest and shrub (25.78%),water(3.73%),wetland(4.61%),and bare land(0.66%)during 1989 and 2009.With a remarkable decrease in cropland,the proportion of non-agricultural population increased by 23.6%.Moreover,rapid development of infrastructures,facilities,industrial parks,and urban and rural settlements along the Minjiang River resulted in the eastward and southward expansion of built-up land.Additionally,the growth pattern of built-up land in the NWDA is highly correlated with socio-economic factors,including the gross domestic product(GDP),GDP per capita,and structure of industry.As a result,the observed environmental degradation such as loss of cropland and wetland due to heavy pressure of rapid urbanization have greatly impaired the carrying capacity of city.Thus,in addition to scientific and rational policies towards minimizing the adverse effects of urbanization,coordination between the administrative agencies should be urgently strengthened to balance the conflicts between urban development and ecological conservation to make sure the sustainable land use.     

基于小流域抽样单元的中国FROM-GLC30数据精度评价

土地覆盖数据是全球环境变化相关研究和应用的重要数据基础,在诸多领域中被广泛运用.FROM-GLC30 2017数据是最新的全球高分辨率(30m)公开土地覆盖数据集之一.土地覆盖数据集的精度是其在不同领域应用中的重要问题.本研究旨在探讨FROM-GLC30 2017数据集精度在全国范围内的空间分布,并比较不同土地覆盖类型...     

Spatial and temporal patterns of soil nitrogen distribution under different land uses in a watershed in the hilly area of purple soil, China

Quantification of soil spatial and temporal variability at watershed scale is important in ecological modeling, precision agriculture, and natural resources management. The spatio-temporal variations of soil nitrogen under different land uses in a small watershed (12.10 km²) in the hilly area of purple soil at the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in southwestern China were investigated by using conventional statistics, geostatistics, and a geographical information system in order to provide information for land management and control of environmental issues. A total of 552 soil samples (0 to 15 cm) from 276 sites within the watershed were collected in April and August of 2011, and analyzed for soil total nitrogen (STN) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N). We compared spatial variations of STN and NO3-N under different land uses as well as the temporal variations in April (dry season) and August (rainy season). Results showed that STN contents were deeply affected by land-use types; median STN values ranged from 0.94 to 1.27 g·kg^?1, and STN contents decreased in the following order: paddy field > forestland > sloping cropland. No significant difference was found for STN contents between April and August under the same land use. However, NO3-N contents were 23.26, 10.58, and 26.19 mg·kg^?1 in April, and 1.34, 8.51, and 3.00 mg·kg^?1 in August for the paddy field, sloping cropland and forestland, respectively. Nugget ratios for STN indicated moderate spatial dependence in the paddy field and sloping cropland, and a strong spatial dependence in forestland. The processes of nitrogen movement, transformation, absorption of plant were deeply influenced by land use types; as a result, great changes of soil nitrogen levels at spatial and temporal scales were demonstrated in the studied watershed.     

1980s-2005 年内蒙古地区土地利用/覆被变化分析

近几十年来, 由气候变化和人类活动共同驱动的内蒙古地区土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)较为剧烈, 其引发了一系列的生态环境问题。本文基于3 期LUCC数据, 借助于变化率指数、动态度指数、转类矩阵, 在全区和地级市尺度上, 分析了内蒙古地区土地利用/覆被变化的时空特征及驱动因素。研究结果显示, 受地形因素的影响, 研究区土地利用/覆被变化表现出明显的区域差异及区域趋同性。在经济发展和人口增长的双重压力下:(1)平原耕作区深受国家宏观政策的影响, 2000 年之后的“林地、高覆盖草地开垦”总体速度下降了近35%;(2) 平原耕作区北部边缘条带状地区、山区草原区受制于降水不显著的波动呈减少态势, 2000 年之后的“草地退化及荒漠化”趋势加强了近85%。研究结果为内蒙古地区土地资源的可持续利用与科学管理提供了依据。     

中国1:25万土地覆盖遥感制图精度评价——以鄱阳湖地区为例

 全球及区域尺度的土地覆盖数据是陆地表层过程研究的重要基础。土地覆盖遥感制图是全球变化和区域可持续发展研究重要的支撑数据,制图精度评价对于数据生产者和数据用户都具有非常重要的意义。2011年在鄱阳湖地区的野外考察共采集包括定点验证、GPS以及解译标志3种类型的土地覆盖样点321个,本文利用剔除了时间差异影响后的287个土地覆盖样点,将样点的实际土地覆盖类型与遥感制图中相应位置的土地覆盖类型进行对比,并利用分层次评估法,即分别在土地覆盖一级类和二级类两个尺度上,采用正确得1分,错误得0分的计分方法,对2005年中国1:25万土地覆盖遥感制图在鄱阳湖地区的精度进行实地验证。结果表明:(1)在土地覆盖一级类型尺度上总体的制图精度为61.67%。其中,湿地/水体的制图精度为100%,农田的制图精度为98.4%,森林的制图精度为80.0%,聚落和草地的精度均低于20%。(2)在二级类型尺度上总体的制图精度为44.25%。其中,2个草地和3个森林及1个农田的二级类型的分类精度为0,旱地、城镇建设用地和农村聚落的分类精度也很低,分别为21.1%、29.0%和1.7%。实地调查发现,2005年左右的全国1:25万土地覆盖遥感制图基本上反映了鄱阳湖地区的土地覆盖状况。但是,对于一些具有过渡性质的土地覆盖类型,如森林和草地等,仅依靠遥感技术准确识别区分仍有一定的难度。     

基于时序遥感数据的农作物种植制度研究进展与展望

及时准确掌握农作物种植制度时空分布信息,对于确保国家粮食安全与农业结构合理具有重要意义。随着时序遥感影像质量的不断提高,基于时序遥感数据的农作物种植制度研究备受关注。本文从研究框架、遥感特征参数以及数据产品等角度,分析了基于时序遥感数据的农作物种植制度最新研究进展。研究发现:(1)前农作物种植制度研究框架,主要包括耕地复种指数和农作物制图等相关内容,其问题在于需要高质量耕地分布数据支撑以及易将热带亚热带湿润区撂荒地误判为农作物等;(2)于红边和短波红外的新型多维度光谱指数,有助于更好地揭示农作物生长发育过程,大尺度农作物时序遥感制图取得了系列研究成果,但需要应对不同作物光谱差异细微、同种作物在不同区域和年份存在明显类内异质性的挑战;(3)尺度中高分辨率耕地复种指数产品不断丰富,但其时效性和时空连续性有待加强;(4)欧美少数国家外,目前农作物分布数据产品覆盖的作物类型有限,我国大尺度农作物种植制度数据产品欠缺,特别是复杂多熟制农业区。随着多源遥感数据时空谱分辨率的不断提高以及云计算平台性能的不断发展,我们对以下方面进行了研究展望:(1)新研究框架,建立直接提取耕作区、农作物种植模式的农作...