竹片网水泥砂浆加固承重夯土墙体抗震试验研究

为了提高村镇承重夯土墙体的抗震性能,对2片竹片网水泥砂浆加固墙体和1片未加固对比墙进行拟静力试验,研究其破坏形态、水平承载力、滞回性能和耗能等抗震性能。试验结果表明:与未加固夯土墙体相比,加固后墙体的受力性能、变形性能及耗能能力均得到明显改善;同等加固水平下:斜放竹片网对夯土墙承载力的提高显著,相比对比试件峰值荷载和极限荷载分别提高82.58%和76.97%;正放竹片网加固的墙体滞回曲线更加饱满,骨架曲线下降更加平缓,变形能力和耗能提高更加明显,相比对比试件峰值位移和极限位移分别提高63.33%和327.69%,耗能提高了781%,且正放竹片网加固施工方便,可提倡应用。总之,竹片网水泥砂浆加固方法生态经济,可明显减轻墙体的破坏,有效改善墙体抗震性能,研究成果可对村镇夯土建筑实地加固提供参考。     

钢筋混凝土核心筒性态水平及性能指标限值研究

结合国内外对钢筋混凝土结构性能水平的划分标准并根据核心筒结构破坏特征及抗震性能要求,文中在现行规范基础上进一步细分,将钢筋混凝土核心筒结构的性能水准划分为良好使用、暂时使用、生命安全和接近倒塌4个水平;基于混凝土连梁及剪力墙构件的受力、变形及破坏特点,分别提出了连梁及剪力墙构件对应于4个性能水平的失效判别标准和变形限值...     

圆钢管混凝土边框剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

圆钢管混凝土边框剪力墙是在普通混凝土剪力墙基础上研发的一种新型组合剪力墙。其将圆钢管混凝土柱和普通混凝土剪力墙进行了优势组合,形成多道抗震防线。为了解该组合剪力墙的抗震性能,进行了3个1/5缩尺试件的低周反复荷载试验,其中包括1个圆钢管混凝土柱框架结构、1个普通混凝土剪力墙和1个圆钢管混凝土边框剪力墙。在试验研究基础上,分析了圆钢管混凝土边框剪力墙的承载力、刚度及其退化过程、延性、滞回特性、耗能能力及破坏特征。研究表明:圆钢管混凝土边框剪力墙的抗震性能比普通混凝土剪力墙显著提高,且其承载力、抗震耗能能力均高于圆钢管混凝土柱框架和普通混凝土剪力墙承载力、抗震耗能能力之和,可用于高层和超高层建筑的抗震设计。     

玉门关段汉长城墙体结构抗震性能研究

基于野外调查和室内试验建立了玉门关段汉长城结构的三维动力分析模型,其中以长城墙体结构中的夯土层、芦苇层和芦苇绳为主要研究对象。采用有限差分法计算了该段长城结构在地震动作用下的抗震性能。计算结果表明:在自重作用下,芦苇层与夯土层变形机制相互补充,芦苇绳的拉结作用明显,整个墙体变形合理;从墙体底部到顶部,地震波的高频成分减少,低频成分增加;在强震作用下,墙体芦苇层的最大应力远小于单根芦苇纤维的抗拉强度,处在比较安全的状态;采用格栅单元和锚索单元分别模拟芦苇层、芦苇绳是合理的。研究成果可为河西地区土遗址保护提供参考。     

Role of wall panel connections on the seismic performance of precast structures

Past seismic events, including the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake and the 2012 Emilia earthquake, clearly demonstrated the inadequacy of the current design approach for the connection system of the cladding wall panels of precast buildings. To clarify this problem the present paper investigates the seismic behaviour of a traditional precast structural frame for industrial buildings with a new type of connection system of cladding panels. This system consists of a statically determined pendulum arrangement of panels, each supported with two hinges to the structure, one at the top and one at the bottom, so to have under seismic action a pure frame behaviour where the wall panels are masses without stiffness. Adding mutual connections between the panels, the wall cladding panels become part of the resisting structure, leading to a dual frame/wall system or to a wall system depending on the stiffness of the connections. The seismic behaviour of this structural assembly is investigated for different degrees of interaction between frame and panels, as well as for an enhanced solution with dissipative connections. The results of nonlinear static (pushover) analyses and nonlinear dynamic analyses under recorded and artificial earthquakes highlight the role of the wall panel connections on the seismic behaviour of the structural assembly and show the effectiveness of the dual frame/wall system with dissipative connections between panels.     

Mechanics and performance of a tied-back wall under seismic loads

In this paper the stability of a tied-back wall subjected to seismic loads is analysed for a predetermined mode of failure (rotation about the top of the wall) and the analysis is compared with data from tests on this type of wall using the seismic simulator at the State University of New York at Buffalo. We carried out a pseudo-static analysis of the problem using the Mononobe-Okabe earth pressure coefficients, wherein the dynamic effects due to the seismic loading are converted into equivalent static loads. The acceleration ratio at which the wall fails by rotation about the top was obtained by considering the moments due to the various lateral earth pressure resultants and the inertial forces induced in the soil due to the seismic loading. We found that the presence of wall friction on the passive side significantly enhances the stability of the flexible retaining wall under seismic loads. Thus, flexible retaining walls supporting dry cohesionless soil can be very efficient during earthquakes. Under moderate earthquakes, an increase in the depth of embedment increases the dynamic factor of safety significantly. However, beyond a certain acceleration ratio for a soil with a particular value of ø, any increase in the depth of emdedment has no effect in impeding failure, irrespective of any change in the geometry of the system. Seismic design charts are presented to evaluate the stability of, and to design, flexible retaining walls embedded in dry cohesionless soils under seismic loading.     

石材幕墙结构抗震性能试验研究

为研究石材幕墙的抗震性能和破坏特征,以阿尔及利亚大清真寺南区石材幕墙工程为背景,设计了两组1:1振动台试验模型,通过振动台试验研究总结出了石材幕墙结构的地震响应特性,在此基础上,给出了石材幕墙结构动力特性简化模型,并通过引入相应的质量修正系数,得到震损石材幕墙结构自振频率计算公式。研究表明:结构自振频率在挂件和石材出现松动与损伤后逐渐降低;石材加速度响应受挂件位置和尺寸影响较大;石材与挂件之间的间隙增大了石材的加速度响应,但同时也减小了挂件的内力需求。     

The seismic strength of the earth

Summary The seismic strength (resistance to sudden failure) of the seismically active regions of the crust and upper mantle is estimated and is found to be maximum at depths of 50 to 125 km. The pattern of strength versus depth can be explained in terms of lithospheric plate sinking beneath an ocean trench. The lack of earthquakes at depths larger than 700 km is probably due to decreasing shear stress rather than vanishing seismic strength.

---

Résumé Dans cette communication on évalue la résistance à la rupture séismique des matériaux constituant l'écorce et le manteau supérieur de la Terre. Les résultats indiquent la présence d'un maximum à la profondeur de 50–125 km. La distribution de la résistance avec la profondeur peut être expliquée par la résorption de la lithosphère au-dessous d'un fossé océanique. L'absence de séismes dans les zones plus profondes (z>700 km) n'est pas due à la réduction de la résistance séismique, mais très probablement à l'insuffisance des tensions internes dans les matériaux.

     

Probability density evolution method for seismic liquefaction performance analysis of earth dam

To investigate the seismic liquefaction performance of earth dams under earthquake loading, we present a new methodology for evaluating the seismic response of earth dams based on a performance‐based approach and a stochastic vibration method. This study assesses an earthfill dam located in a high‐intensity seismic region of eastern China. The seismic design levels and corresponding performance indexes are selected according to performance‐based criteria and dam seismic codes. Then, nonlinear constitutive models are used to derive an array of deterministic seismic responses of the earth dam by dynamic time series analysis based on a finite element model. Based on these responses, the stochastic seismic responses and dynamic reliability of the earth dam are obtained using the probability density evolution method. Finally, the seismic performance of the earth dam is assessed by the performance‐based and reliability criteria. Our results demonstrate the accuracy of the seismic response analysis of earth dams using the random vibration method. This new method of dynamic performance analysis of earth dams demonstrates that performance‐based criteria and reliability evaluation can provide more objective indices for decision‐making rather than using deterministic seismic acceleration time series as is the current normal practice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

改善钢筋混凝土低矮剪力墙抗震性能的研究

普通钢筋混凝土低矮剪力墙抗震性能较差，其抗震性能的改善一直受到工程界的关注。总结了一些改善低矮剪力墙抗震性能的国内外研究成果，包括：开缝低矮剪力墙、带暗支撑低矮剪力墙、设耗能装置的低矮剪力墙和低矮组合剪力墙等。在此基础上，提出了一种新型耗能剪力墙，并进行了初步的试验研究。     

夯土墙在单调和反复水平荷载下的试验研究

通过对不同类型的夯土墙在单调荷载和反复荷载作用下的试验研究,分析了不同添加材料对夯土墙抗剪性能、抗震性能的影响,得到了夯土墙的裂缝开展规律、破坏特征、承载能力、延性及滞回性能。借用砌体结构的抗震承载力计算公式,给出了夯土墙抗剪、抗震计算的简化公式。     

钢-混凝土组合剪力墙抗震研究与发展

剪力墙是高层建筑抗震的主要抗侧力体系,随着大型复杂高层建筑的快速发展,对剪力墙抗震性能的要求也越来越高,钢-混凝土组合剪力墙就是一种抗震性能好的剪力墙。国内外在钢-混凝土组合剪力墙抗震研究方面,从抗震性能到设计方法和工程应用都取得了较快的发展。本文介绍了国内外有关钢-混凝土组合剪力墙抗震研究的部分成果,同时介绍了笔者提出的钢-混凝土多重组合剪力墙及其抗震研究情况,包括工程应用情况。已有研究表明:钢-混凝土组合剪力墙特别是钢-混凝土多重组合剪力墙,具有良好的抗震屈服机制和多道抗震防线,抗震耗能能力强,工程应用价值较大。     

钢筋混凝土短肢剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

通过6片1：2单层短肢墙试体的低周反复荷戴试验,研究了在低周反复荷载作用下钢筋混凝土短肢剪力墙的整体工作性能、破坏形态及滞回特性。结果表明：试件的最终破坏均是由连梁失效引起的,连梁是短肢剪力墙结构的薄弱环节,因此,连梁的混凝土强度不应低于墙肢的混凝土强度,以免连梁出现粘结破坏;有翼墙的短肢剪力墙试体其延性系数都达到了3．5以上．其耗能能力较无翼墙短肢墙好。     

Study on the seismic performance of a double spherical seismic isolation bearing

In this paper, the configuration and working mechanism of the recently developed double spherical seismic isolation （DSSI） bearing are introduced in detail. Then, vertical displacement of the DSSI bearing due to sliding on a spherical surface is analyzed. The results from seismic performance testing of the bearing are given, and a numerical analysis of a four span continuous girder bridge is performed. The numerical analysis compares the influence of three different bearing arrangement schemes on the structural seismic response, and the results show that the DSSI bearing is effective in increasing the vertical load bearing capacity, reducing the vertical displacement, and controlling the energy dissipation capacity within a certain range.     

再生混凝土高剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

再生混凝土剪力墙适用于多层住宅结构.为了研究再生混凝土剪力墙和再生混凝土带暗支撑剪力墙的抗震性能,进行了5个剪跨比为2.0的高剪力墙的低周反复荷载试验研究.试验模型包括:1个用作比较的普通混凝土高剪力墙,3个再生混凝土高剪力墙,1个再生混凝土带暗支撑高剪力墙.分析了其承载力、刚度及其退化过程、耗能、延性、破坏特征和破坏机制等.试验表明:与普通混凝土高剪力墙相比,再生混凝土高剪力墙的抗震性能略差;随着再生骨料掺量的增加,再生混凝土高剪力墙的抗震性能呈下降趋势;这种再生混凝土高剪力墙,经过合理设计可以满足多层剪力墙住宅结构抗震要求.     

再生混凝土低矮剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为了研究不同再生骨料取代率对剪力墙性能的影响,进行了4个剪跨比为1.0的低矮剪力墙的低周反复荷载试验研究,包括1个普通混凝土剪力墙和3个再生混凝土剪力墙.在试验的基础上,分析了各剪力墙的承载力、延性、刚度、滞回特征、耗能及破坏特征.研究表明:与普通混凝土剪力墙相比,再生混凝土低矮剪力墙的抗震性能略差,且随着再生骨料掺量的增加,再生混凝土剪力墙的性能呈下降趋势;暗支撑的设置能够明显改善再生混凝土低矮剪力墙的抗震性能;在一定的条件下,再生混凝土可用于一些剪力墙结构的抗震设计.     

圆钢管混凝土边框内藏钢桁架剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

圆钢管混凝土边框内藏桁架剪力墙是一种新型组合剪力墙.为了解这种剪力墙的抗震性能,进行了 3个1/5缩尺试件的低周反复荷载试验.3个试件中,1个为圆钢管混凝土柱框架结构,1个为圆钢管混凝土边框-钢桁架结构,1个为圆钢管混凝土边框内藏钢桁架剪力墙.基于试验,对比分析了各试件的承载力、刚度及其退化过程、滞回特性、耗能能力及破...     

高强钢筋混凝土短肢剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

通过对采用高强钢筋的6片T形混凝土短肢剪力墙和采用高强钢筋高强混凝土的6片L形短肢剪力墙进行低周往复加载试验,研究了T形和L形的破坏形态与性能差异,分析了高厚比、轴压比、配箍间距等参数对构件破坏形态、滞回耗能、骨架曲线、延性及耗能等抗震性能的影响,对比分析了构件与普通短肢剪力墙的抗震性能差异。试验结果表明:采用腹板端部箍筋加密的方式可减轻构件端部的损伤和降低正负向加载时承载力和延性的不对称性;T形构件中高厚比为5的试件表现为弯曲破坏,其他构件表现为弯剪破坏;试验中高厚比小的构件相对于高厚比大的试件延性耗能更好,轴压比增大,构件承载力提高但延性降低;与普通短肢剪力墙相比,T形短肢剪力墙承载力和变形能力提高,耗能增加,L形短肢剪力墙承载力提高较大,极限位移增大,构件后期变形能力略有降低,但可以满足抗震性能要求。     

截面中部配置型钢的混凝土剪力墙抗震性能研究

本文通过试验研究了型钢混凝土(SRC)剪力墙的抗震性能,对16个试件进行了低周反复加载试验,得到了这些构件的延性比;研究了高宽比等参数对型钢混凝土剪力墙抗震性能的影响。在试验中,研究了在中部配置型钢的型钢混凝土剪力墙,结果表明这种新型的型钢混凝土剪力墙具有更好的抗震性能。在试验的基础上,本文建立了型钢混凝土剪力墙恢复力骨架曲线的数学模型,为分析高层结构的非线性地震反应分析提供了基础数据。     

含型钢边缘构件混合连肢墙结构抗震性能试验研究

为研究含型钢边缘构件混合连肢墙结构的抗震性能,进行了1个5层1/3缩尺模型试件低周反复加载试验.模型试件的耦连比为30％,根据底部剪力法采用三质点倒三角形加载形式.通过分析试件在循环荷载作用下的破坏形态、滞回曲线、刚度退化、延性及结构的耗能能力等,得到结构的破坏机理,并对结构抗震性能进行了评价.试验结果表明:该结构体系通过钢连梁的剪切变形和墙肢底部的塑性铰变形来耗散能量,能够明显改善钢筋混凝土双肢剪力墙的抗震性能;但是耦连比为30％时,墙肢混凝土裂缝较为集中,破坏主要出现在底部两层,建议提高耦连比进行进一步研究.