共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 234 毫秒
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本系统把实时水情信息处理和水文预报模型的实际应用结合起来,是实现从实时水情信息接收、处理、检索、应用,直到联机洪水预报通用的自动化系统。三个多功能的汉字、英文、绘图检索程序包,可为多用户监视实时水情、统计打印各种水情报表、绘制雨量图和水位流量过程线等提供各种服务。使用简便、具有同一输入输出文件格式、可自动共享历史和实时数据库资料、分块率定整体组装式的SCLS、XAJA、NSAC和NTAK等预报模型通用程序包,可实现从模型率定到联机洪水预报的全过程。 相似文献
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河道水流运动过程特别是洪水演进过程是一个复杂的非线性动力学过程,鉴于神经网络具有很强的处理大规模复杂非线性动力学系统的能力,本文将神经网络理论用于河道水情预报的研究,以期识别水流运动变化过程与其影响因子之间的复杂非线性关系,为河道水情预报提供了一条新的途径。在此基础上建立了螺山站洪水预报的非线性动力学模型,通过分析研究得出近年来特别是1998年长江中游出现的小流量高水位现象与螺山汉口河段累计淤积有关并得到螺山站水位变化与河床淤积之间的定量关系。 相似文献
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2006年6月5日至16日,水利部水文局举办了为期二周的业务交流与技术培训。内容侧重于流域水情、气象、网络业务知识、防汛抗旱业务系统以及实用洪水预报模型技术、中长期水资源预报、枯季径流预报、突发性洪水预报、水质预报模型等。长江委水文局洪水预报专家葛守西教授、清华大学水利水电工程系杨大文教授应邀分别做了“现代洪水预报预测技术与经验”、“大尺度分布式水 相似文献
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根据双牌水库水情自动测报系统要求,结合该水库的流域和工程特性,应用新安江模型、API模型及动态规划等,对该水库洪水预报及调度进行了系统研究。 相似文献
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综述了淮河流域概况,淮河干流洪水预报系统物采用的预报方法。1991年淮河干流洪水预报采用了降雨径流预报与上,下游站相应流量预防方法相配合,并注重实时水情分析;在行洪区多,行洪后水面宽广而比降又极小的河段的汇流计算,采用了以实测洪水资料绘制的经验蓄曲线为充分发挥的湖泊洪水演算方法。 相似文献
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中国洪水预报系统设计建设研究 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
分析了我国洪水预报系统的现状,阐述了中国洪水预报系统的建设的必要性、目标及开发原则,介绍了中国洪水预报系统的软硬件环境、预报模型和方法、预报方案、模型率定、实时作业预报、实用模块、系统管理7部分的设计建设。 相似文献
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通用洪水预报模型库设计建设研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在介绍洪水预报模型库的基本概念和性质的基础上,分析了各类洪水预报模型的输入、输出数据类型,规定了各类数据文件格式,设计了洪水预报模型库的通用数据接口,并在中国洪水预报系统中实现了通用洪水预报模型库的建设。 相似文献
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陕西省地质灾害-气象预报预警系统研制及应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
为了提高地质灾害-气象预报预警工作的自动化程度和产品的质量,文章从计算机系统制作的角度探讨了地质灾害-气象预报预警的方法,论述了陕西省地质灾害-气象预报预警系统的运行环境、软件功能、空间数据库、模型方法等内容,并介绍了陕西省汛期地质灾害-气象预报预警的应用实例。 相似文献
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In real-time flood warning systems, sufficient lead-time is important for people to take suitable actions. Rainfall forecasting is one of the ways commonly used to extend the lead-time for catchments with short response time. However, an accurate forecast of rainfall is still difficult for hydrologists using the present deterministic model. Therefore, a probability-based rainfall forecasting model, based on Markov chain, was proposed in this study. The rainfall can be forecast one to three hours in advance for a specified nonexceeding probability using the transition probability matrix of rainfall state. In this study, the nonexceeding probability, which was hourly updated on the basis of development or decay of rainfall processes, was taken as a dominant variable parameter. The accuracy of rainfall forecasting one to three hours in advance is concluded from the application of this model to four recording rain gauges. A lumped rainfall-runoff forecasting model derived from a transfer function was further applied in unison with this rainfall forecasting model to forecast flows one to four hours in advance. The results of combination of these two models show good performance with agreement between the observed and forecast hydrographs. 相似文献
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降雨预报信息作为洪水预报模型的输入,该信息的准确性直接影响洪水预报模型输出的准确性.为探究模型输入(降雨预报)误差与输出(洪水预报)误差之间的关系,以英那河流域为例,分析了不同雨量等级下,预报模型的输入误差与输出误差的分布规律,并定性分析了两种误差的相关关系.结果表明,降雨量等级若为无雨及小雨时,两种误差不相关;若为中... 相似文献
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In recent decades, population growth associated with unplanned urban occupation has increased the vulnerability of the Brazilian population to natural disasters. In susceptible regions, early flood forecasting is essential for risk management. Still, in Brazil, most flood forecast and warning systems are based either on simplified models of flood wave propagation through the drainage network or on stochastic models. This paper presents a methodology for flood forecasting aiming to an operational warning system that proposes to increase the lead time of a warning through the use of an ensemble of meteorological forecasts. The chosen configuration was chosen so it would be feasible for an operational flood forecast and risk management. The methodology was applied to the flood forecast for the Itajaí-Açu River basin, a region which comprises a drainage area of approximately 15,500 km2 in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, historically affected by floods. Ensemble weather forecasts were used as input to the MHD-INPE hydrological model, and the performance of the methodology was assessed through statistical indicators. Results suggest that flood warnings can be issued up to 48 h in advance, with a low rate of false warnings. Streamflow forecasting through the use of hydrological ensemble prediction systems is still scarce in Brazil. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time this methodology aiming to an operational flood risk management system has been tested in Brazil. 相似文献
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《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(1-2):203-217
Advances in flood forecasting have been constrained by the difficulty of estimating rainfall continuously over space, for catchment-, national- and continental-scale areas. This has had a concomitant impact on the choice of appropriate model formulations for given flood-forecasting applications. Whilst weather radar used in combination with raingauges – and extended to utilise satellite remote-sensing and numerical weather prediction models – have offered the prospect of progress, there have been significant problems to be overcome. These problems have curtailed the development and adoption of more complete distributed model formulations that aim to increase forecast accuracy. Advanced systems for weather radar display and processing, and for flood forecast construction, are now available to ease the task of implementation. Applications requiring complex networks of models to make forecasts at many locations can be undertaken without new code development and be readily revised to take account of changing requirements. These systems make use of forecast-updating procedures that assimilate data from telemetry networks to improve flood forecast performance, at the same time coping with the possibility of data loss. Flood forecasting systems that integrate rainfall monitoring and forecasting with flood forecasting and warning are now operational in many areas. Present practice in flood modelling and forecast updating is outlined from a UK perspective. Challenges for improvement are identified, particularly against a background of greater access to spatial datasets on terrain, soils, geology, land-cover, and weather variables. Representing the effective runoff production and translation processes operating at a given grid or catchment scale may prove key to improved flood simulation, and robust application to ungauged basins through physics-based linkages with these spatial datasets. The need to embrace uncertainty in flood-warning decision-making is seen as a major challenge for the future. To cite this article: R.J. Moore et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005). 相似文献
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Flood forecasts based on multi-model ensemble precipitation forecasting using a coupled atmospheric-hydrological modeling system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The recent improvement of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models has a strong potential for extending the lead time of precipitation and subsequent flooding. However, uncertainties inherent in precipitation outputs from NWP models are propagated into hydrological forecasts and can also be magnified by the scaling process, contributing considerable uncertainties to flood forecasts. In order to address uncertainties in flood forecasting based on single-model precipitation forecasting, a coupled atmospheric-hydrological modeling system based on multi-model ensemble precipitation forecasting is implemented in a configuration for two episodes of intense precipitation affecting the Wangjiaba sub-region in Huaihe River Basin, China. The present study aimed at comparing high-resolution limited-area meteorological model Canadian regional mesoscale compressible community model (MC2) with the multiple linear regression integrated forecast (MLRF), covering short and medium range. The former is a single-model approach; while the latter one is based on NWP models [(MC2, global environmental multiscale model (GEM), T213L31 global spectral model (T213)] integrating by a multiple linear regression method. Both MC2 and MLRF are coupled with Chinese National Flood Forecasting System (NFFS), MC2-NFFS and MLRF-NFFS, to simulate the discharge of the Wangjiaba sub-basin. The evaluation of the flood forecasts is performed both from a meteorological perspective and in terms of discharge prediction. The encouraging results obtained in this study demonstrate that the coupled system based on multi-model ensemble precipitation forecasting has a promising potential of increasing discharge accuracy and modeling stability in terms of precipitation amount and timing, along with reducing uncertainties in flood forecasts and models. Moreover, the precipitation distribution of MC2 is more problematic in finer temporal and spatial scales, even for the high resolution simulation, which requests further research on storm-scale data assimilation, sub-grid-scale parameterization of clouds and other small-scale atmospheric dynamics. 相似文献
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