A LAYERED NUMERICAL MODEL FOR SIMULATING THE GENERATION AND PROPAGATION OF INTERNAL TIDES OVER CONTINENTAL SLOPE I. MODEL DESIGN

A layered three-dimensional nonlinear numerical model was constructed to simulate the generation and propagation of internal tides over the continental slope. The simulation was split into external mode computation (EMC) and internal mode computation (IMC) to minimize the computational load. IMC was carried out once after EMC was implemented N times. As to EMC, a semi-implicit numerical scheme was applied in such a way that the pressure gradient terms and the velocity divergence terms were discretized semi-implicitly, but the other terms were discretized explicitly. Eulerian-Lagrangian explicit discretization was applied to the convective terms simultaneously. As a result, the stability of EMC did not depend on the wave celerity and time step was not limited by the CFL condition. More than that, use of the conjugate gradient accelerated Jacobi method further improved the computational efficiency of the model.     

A LAYERED NUMERICAL MODEL FOR SIMULATING THE GENERATION AND PROPAGAYION OF INTERNAL TIDES OVER CONTINENTAL SLOPE Ⅰ.MODEL DESIGN

mODUCnONSinceRattw(lwn)develoPedthefirstthcoreticalm0dl0ninternaltides,Inandifferentmodlshavebeenpresented.Theearlym0dlssuchastheonescreatedbyCoxandSandstorm(l962),Baines(l973,l982),etal.wereInainlylinear.Itwasnottmtilthe1980'sthatmodelsforstUdvingthenonlinearclertersofintemaltidesbegant0bedeveloPed.ThempicaloneswerethoseProposedorusedbyPinpeeetal.(1984),Maze(l987),WllmottandEdnds(l987),~(l994),andGerkema(l996).klthoughthesemodlscontribuegnailytoourundrstandingofthegenerationandproPag…     

Particle image velocimetry and numerical simulations of the hydrodynamic characteristics of an artificial reef

This article reports a particle image velocimetry study and the comparative results of a numerical simulation into the hydrodynamic characteristics around an artificial reef.We reveal the process of flow separation and vortex evolution,and compare the force terms generated by our artificial reef model.The numerical simulation agrees well with experimental results,showing the applicability of computational fluid dynamics to the hydrodynamics of an artificial reef.Furthermore,we numerically simulate the hydrodynamics of the reef model for seven velocities.The results show that the drag coefficient is approximately 1.21 in a self-modeling region for Reynolds numbers between 2.123×104and 9×104.Therefore,the upwelling height and current width of the flow field do not change significantly when the inflow velocity increases.Our study indicates that computational fluid dynamics can be applied to study the hydrodynamics of an artificial reef and offer clues to its construction.     

海量卫星重力梯度观测数据确定地球重力位模型的数值方法

基于空域最小二乘法,对卫星重力梯度数据确定地球重力场中的Cholesky分解法、预条件共轭梯度法以及OpenMP并行算法3种数值方法进行比较与分析。研究表明,在计算机硬件资源有限的情况下,传统的Cholesky分解法已经无法满足求解要求;预条件共轭梯度法的求解效率较之Cholesky分解法有改进,但其以损失小量精度为代价;OpenMP并行算法在不损失求解精度的条件下,可提高求解的效率。     

A VOF-based numerical model for breaking waves in surf zone

This paper introduces a numerical model for studying the evolution of a periodic wave train, shoaling, and breaking in surf zone. The model can solve the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for a mean flow, and (he k-s equations for turbulence kinetic energy k and turbulence dissipation rate e. To track a free surface, the volume of fluid (VOF) function, satisfying the advection equation was introduced. In the numerical treatment, third-order upwind difference scheme was applied to the convection terms of the RANS equations in order to reduce the effect of numerical viscosity. The shoaling and breaking processes of a periodic wave train on gently sloping beaches were modeled. The computed wave heights of a sloping beach and the distribution of breaking wave pressure on a vertical wall were compared with laboratory data.     

���ֵ����Ŷ���������ģ�͵ķ�����Ƚ�

??360??EGM2008???????????????????????????????????????????п????????????????????????????????????Ч???????????????????????????п?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????     

基于双精度与四精度的重力场解算精度分析

基于动力学方法比较分析了双精度与四精度模式下重力场模型的解算精度,主要包括缔合勒让德函数计算、数值积分器及重力场反演结果。结果显示,在勒让德函数计算方面,部分角度在双精度模式下计算至1 900阶以后会出现溢出问题,而在四精度模式下任何角度都满足精度要求,并且计算结果比双精度模式高8个量级。数值积分器Adams预测校正法积分1 d的位置和速度误差,在四精度模式下比在双精度模式下高4个量级。在精密轨道反演重力场计算方面,动力学方法在双精度及四精度模式下反演结果一致,统计其计算至60阶的累计大地水准面误差为1.29×10~(-5 )m,这是因为动力学方法的线性误差相对计算误差而言是主要误差;非线性动力学方法在四精度模式下比在双精度模式下高7个量级,其大地水准面误差分别为8.92×10~(-15) m和8.16×10~(-8) m。     

Numerical investigation of wake-collapse internal waves generated by a submerged moving body

The state-of-the-art OpenFOAM technology is used to develop a numerical model that can be devoted to numerically investigating wake-collapse internal waves generated by a submerged moving body.The model incorporates body geometry,propeller forcing,and stratification magnitude of seawater.The generation mechanism and wave properties are discussed based on model results.It was found that the generation of the wave and its properties depend greatly on the body speed.Only when that speed exceeds some critical value,between 1.5 and 4.5 m/s,can the moving body generate wake-collapse internal waves,and with increases of this speed,the time of generation advances and wave amplitude increases.The generated wake-collapse internal waves are confirmed to have characteristics of the second baroclinic mode.As the body speed increases,wave amplitude and length increase and its waveform tends to take on a regular sinusoidal shape.For three linearly temperature-stratified profiles examined,the weaker the stratification,the stronger the wake-collapse internal wave.     

“裸管”地热换热器数值传热模型研究

介绍了一种特殊地热换热器———"裸管"换热器,并详细分析了其孔内外的传热;通过合理划分网格,利用有限容积法建立了钻孔内外的数值模型,利用该模型对裸管式地热换热器进行了校核计算。在此基础上,对湖北十堰某工地的实际钻孔进行了现场测试,测试结果和数值计算结果误差在5%以内,证明该数值模型是可行可靠的;此外,由于套管式地热换热器布置形式和裸管的相似性,本文的数值模型对套管地热换热器也是适用的。     

Research on realization of Kirchhoff remigration

Remigration is an imaging method that maps migrated image fields of different migration velocity fields to each other.It is mainly used for migration velocity analysis, wave mode transformation, and data regu-larization.Theoretically, this kind of mapping can be realized by differential operator, or by integral operator. Compared between the two, the integral operator achieves higher computational efficiency and has more adapta-bility to the irregularity of the input data.Given the fact, the authors worked out the depth domain remigration method based on the Kirchhoff integral theory with the basic theory and workflow of the Kirchhoff remigration. The calculation results on the gradient model and Marmousi model verify the effectiveness of this method.In ad-dition, numerical experiments show that integral method is faster than the differential method.     

Full waveform inversion with spectral conjugate gradient method

Spectral conjugate gradient method is an algorithm obtained by combination of spectral gradient me-thod and conjugate gradient method,which is characterized with global convergence and simplicity of spectral gradient method,and small storage of conjugate gradient method.Besides,the spectral conjugate gradient method was proved that the search direction at each iteration is a descent direction of objective function even without relying on any line search method.Spectral conjugate gradient method is applied to full waveform inversion for numerical tests on Marmousi model.The authors give a comparison on numerical results obtained by steepest descent method,conjugate gradient method and spectral conjugate gradient method,which shows that the spectral conjugate gradient method is superior to the other two methods.     

Mechanical and numerical models for sea ice dynamics on small-meso scale

On small-meso scale, the sea ice dynamic characteristics are quite different from that on large scale. To model the sea ice dynamics on small-meso scale, a new elastic-viscous-plastic （EVP） constitutive model and a hybrid Lagrangian- Eulerian （HLE） numerical method are developed based on continuum theory. While a modified discrete element model （DEM） is introduced to model the ice cover at discrete state. With the EVP constitutive model, the numerical simulation for ice ridging in an idealized rectangular basin is carried out and the results are comparable with the analytical solution of jam theory. Adopting the HLE numerical model, the sea ice dynamic process is simulated in a vortex wind field. The furthering application of DEM is discussed in details for modeling the discrete distribution of sea ice. With this study, the mechanical and numerical models for sea ice dynamics can be improved with high precision and computational efficiency.     

Numerical calculation of dispersion relation for linear internal waves

With the horizontal Coriolis terms included in motion equations and the influence of compressibility of seawater on Brunt-Visl frequency considered, a numerical method of calculating the dispersion relation for linear internal waves, which is an improvement of Cai and Gan (1995), and hence Fliegel and Hunkins (1975), had been set up. For different models (Pacific model, Atlantic model and Arctic model), simulations using the three different methods were compared and the following conclusions were reached:(1) the influence of horizontal Coriolis terms on dispersion relation cannot be neglected and is connected with the direction of the wave celerity, the latitude, and the modes of the wave;(2) the effect of compressibility of seawater in stratification is not an important factor for the dispersion relation of linear internal wave, at least for those three models. With the improved method, the wavefunction curves for the Pacific model had also been built.     

Experiments on exactly computing non-linear energy transfer rate in MASNUM-WAM

The Webb-Resio-Tracy (WRT) method for exact computation of the non-linear energy transfer rate was implemented in MASNUM-WAM, which is a third-generation wave model solving the discrete spectral balance equation. In this paper, we describe the transformation of the spectral space in the original WRT method. Four numerical procedures were developed in which the acceleration techniques in the original WRT method, such as geometric scaling, pre-calculating, and grid-searching, are all reorganized. A series of numerical experiments including two simulations based on real data were performed. The availability of such implementation in both serial and parallel versions of the wave model was proved, and a comparison of computation times showed that some of the developed procedures provided good efficacy. With exact computation of non-linear energy transfer, MASNUM-WAM now can be used to perform numerical experiments for research purposes, which augurs well for further developments of the model.     

PROCESSING AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA FROM A SONOBUOY REFRACTION SEISMIC SECTION IN THE EAST CHINA SEA SHELF MARGINALRIDGE

INTRODUCTIONThemannerefraCtionseisAncmehodisirnP0Ftantf0rstudyofmarinecrustandregionalgeo1ogicalteCtonics.Mufauchi(1968),Leyden(l973),Ludwig(l973),JinXianglongetal.(l986)reportedsonobu0yreffoCtionseisAncrmurernentSintheEesandtheOkinawaTroughregion,studiedthetaltatarysequenceandthickness0fthebasernent,andcomPataltheveoCityugeoftheuppercrustallayers.beetal.(l98O)werethefustto0btainaMohodepthofl5kminthecentralaxisoftheOkinawaTroughbyusingtwo-shipreffoCtionseisAncrneh0ds.Usingl8ocanb…     

Multi-component joint inversion of gravity gradient based on fast forward calculation

With the development of gravity gradient full tensor measurement technique , three-dimensional (3D) inversion based on gravity gradient tensor can provide more accurate information .But the forward calcula-tion of 3D full tensor sensitivity matrix is very time-consuming, which restricts its development and application . According to the symmetry of the kernel function , the authors reconstruct the underground source of geological body to avoid repeat computation of the same value , and work out the corresponding relationship between the re-sponse of geological body to the observation point and the response of reconstructed geological body to the obser -vation point .According to the relationship , rapid calculation of full tensor gravity sensitivity matrix can be achieved .The model calculation shows that this method can increase the speed of 30-45 times compared with the traditional calculation method .The sensitivity matrix is applied to the multi-component inversion of gravity gradient .The application of this method on the measured data provides the basis for the promotion of the meth -od.     

Numerical simulation of the hydrodynamics within octagonal tanks in recirculating aquaculture systems

A three-dimensional numerical model was established to simulate the hydrodynamics within an octagonal tank of a recirculating aquaculture system.The realizable k-s turbulence model was applied to describe the flow,the discrete phase model(DPM) was applied to generate particle trajectories,and the governing equations are solved using the finite volume method.To validate this model,the numerical results were compared with data obtained from a full-scale physical model.The results show that:(1) the realizable k-e model applied for turbulence modeling describes well the flow pattern in octagonal tanks,giving an average relative error of velocities between simulated and measured values of 18%from contour maps of velocity magnitudes;(2) the DPM was applied to obtain particle trajectories and to simulate the rate of particle removal from the tank.The average relative error of the removal rates between simulated and measured values was 11%.The DPM can be used to assess the self-cleaning capability of an octagonal tank;(3) a comprehensive account of the hydrodynamics within an octagonal tank can be assessed from simulations.The velocity distribution was uniform with an average velocity of 15 cm/s;the velocity reached0.8 m/s near the inlet pipe,which can result in energy losses and cause wall abrasion;the velocity in tank corners was more than 15 cm/s,which suggests good water mixing,and there was no particle sedimentation.The percentage of particle removal for octagonal tanks was 90%with the exception of a little accumulation of 5 mm particle in the area between the inlet pipe and the wall.This study demonstrated a consistent numerical model of the hydrodynamics within octagonal tanks that can be further used in their design and optimization as well as promote the wide use of computational fluid dynamics in aquaculture engineering.     

Modification on Lynett and Liu’s model for internal solitary wave propagation over variable bathymetry

1 INTRODUCTION As an important wave phenomenon, taking place inside the ocean, the internal wave has drawn attentions of many scientists. More and more in- formation about it have been provided by both CTD and ADCP data and the images captured by the synt…     

A THIRD GENERATION SHALLOW WATER WAVE NUMERICAL MODEL-YE-WAM

This paper pnesents a third gneration shallow Whter disode spedtal wave nbotal medeIYE-WAM based on the spedtal action balance equation. The mode accounts for all edevan effectsof currents on waves, incuding tmpotally and spatialy varying depth and current inded refraction,sttalning and fequency shift and also explidtly takeS into aanunt all source terms, speclally adePth-limited breaking dheipation. In addition, an energy forcing scheme is propond and applied to themode's open boundaries to areUn for the propagution of sedIs into the study spstem The upwinddiffeIenng scheme and a standard hybrid diffdrencing scheme for the propagaion terrn and a simpleEuler method for the source teme are employed.     

Implementation technology of Kirchhoff demigration

Demigration refers to directly applying a specific imaging technique to a migrated section. It is applied primarily to seismic data mapping. In a previous research study,a time-efficient implementation technology of demigration was expounded. In the present study,the Fast Marching Method( FMM) used for traveltime computation in the isochrone-stack demigration,is developed. Furthermore,other key techniques( such as selection of aperture and antialiasing filtering factor) are analyzed in detail. Besides,the detail implementation method and program flow are given,which is shown their good computational efficiency and high-quality demigration effect. This implementation technique is illustrated with both the V( z) model and Marmousi model. It provides a basic method for implementing demigration in the application of seismic data mapping.