东秦岭钼矿带成岩成矿背景及时空统一性

东秦岭钼成矿带呈近东西向沿华北大陆南缘地球化学边界展布,矿化表现为等间距北东向成串产出。在洛南－栾川地区深部是一个轴向近东西向且向西倾伏的幔向斜,其走向控制了华北块体南缘地球化学边界。沿北北东向的重力梯度带方向上,刚性的结晶基底发生隐性的构造破裂组合或不均匀调整作用。它们与古大祟边缘相平行的深断裂束互相叠加,形成状分布的深断裂组合,控制了壳幔同熔型花岗岩浆的侵位、形成一系列中酸性小岩性。含矿岩石类型主要有花岗斑岩、石英二长岩,构成了巨量的钼、钨、锌、铜、金矿化集中区。成矿地质背景和同位素年龄表明,控岩控矿构造与岩浆活动发生在燕山期,具有时空统一性。     

河北省深部地质构造特征与区域成矿规律相互关系的初步研究

一、前言研究深部地质构造特征与矿床生成和空间分布的相互关系,是研究区域成矿规律、开展成矿预测工作的一个新课题,自六十年代中期以来在国内外日愈受到重视。目前的基本作法是,运用区域重力测量、地震测深、大地电磁测深、天然地震转换波、航空磁测和超深钻探等手段,查明地壳各层的厚度以及康氏面、莫氏面、M_1界面(上地幔内部界面)     

矿物包体分类问题及其意义（一种新的包体分类方案）

一、概述包体是矿物形成过程中被捕获的成矿介质,被称为成矿流体的样品。它是矿物最重要的标型特征之一。可作为译解成矿作用,特别是内生成矿作用的密码。因此,包体是一种最好的材料,可用于测定矿物、矿床或其他地质体形成过程中的物理地球化学作用的温度、压力、介质成分及性质等。用这些参数,可以有助于解决有关矿床成因、找矿标志、成矿规律及指     

On Geophysical Background of Superlarge Deposits in the Chinese Continent

Based on the study of tens of geophysical profiles (seismic, geothermal flow and magnetotelluric sounding profiles) and 3-D shear wave velocity structures of the Chinese continent and its neighbouring regions, this paper describes the 3-D crustal and upper mantle structures and discusses briefly the deep geophysical background of superlarge ore deposits in the Chinese continent. Superlarge deposits are usually very few in number, but they are distributed still in certain forms such as "point", "zone" and "area". Most of the large-, medium- and small-sized deposits occur near the margins of different tectonic units; while the superlarge endogenic polymetallic deposits occur mostly in thinned mantle lithosphere, uplifts of the asthenosphere (vertical low-velocity zones) and the transformation zones of lateral inhomogeneity (weak zones) in the upper mantle. The superlarge endogenic polymetallic deposits are almost unevenly distributed in three major ore zones in China, corresponding to the boundaries of in     

Coupling Effects on Gold Mineralization of Deep and Shallow Structures in the Northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China

For understanding the possible deep-seated processes and geodynamic constrains on gold mineralization, comprehensive physicochemical and geochemical studies of gold mineralization have been undertaken within the paleo-lithosphere framework during the metailogenic epoch from the northwestern part of the Jiaodong Peninsula in this paper. A general image of the paleo-crust has been remained although it has been superimposed and reformed by post-metailogenic tectonic movements. The gold ore deposits occur usually in local uplifts and gradient belts featuring a turn from steep to gentle in granite-metamorphic contact zones, relative uplifts of gradient zones of the Curier isothermal interfaces, depressions of the Moho discontinuity and areas where depth contours are cut by isotherms perpendicularly. Gold mineralization and lithogenesis are characterized by high temperature, low pressure and high strength of thermal flux. The depth of mineralization ranges from 0.8 to 4.5 km. The depth of the top interface of the granitic complex in the metallogenic epoch is about 3 km. There is a low-velocity layer （LVL） at the bottom of the upper crust with a depth close to 19.5 km, which may be a detachment belt in the crust. The appearance of the LVL indicates the existence of paleo-hyperthermal fluid or relics of molten magma chambers, which reflects partial melting within the crust during the diagenetic and metallogenic epochs and the superposition effects of strike-slip shearing of the Taulu fault zone. The subsidence of the Moho is probably attributed to the coupling process of the NW-SE continental collision between North China and the Yangtze Block and the strike-slip movement of the Tanlu fault accompanied with underplating of mantle magma in the northwestern part of the Jiaodong Peninsula. The underplating of mantle magma may result in partial melting and make granite magma transfer upwards. This is favorable for the migration of metallogenic materials from deep to shallow to be enriched to form deposits. Coupling interactions between the strike-slip of the Taulu fault, the underplating of mantle magma, partial melting within the crust, and hyperthermal fluid, etc. may be the important factors controlling the gold mineralization and spatial structures in the metailogenic system.     

陕西秦巴地区金属矿床密集区的岩石圈结构及深部成矿作用

根据陕西中小比例尺航磁、重力、地震波速资料，结合秦巴地区大地构造单元金属矿床密集区分布特点，从地球物理场研究角度，分析探讨矿床密度区岩石圈结构特征和深部流体深部的成矿作用。通过研究，表明陕西秦巴地区的金融矿床密集区主要分布在地幔隆起带的坳陷区、幔隆与幔坳接触部位，前寒武纪基底抬升区，其次是加里东－印支期深大断裂带附近，经对比分析，提出在陕西省北大巴山区部署寻找以铜钼银多金属矿产为主的依据。     

华北地块南部巨型陆内俯冲带与秦岭造山带岩石圈现今三维结构

豫西横穿秦岭造山带的反射地震为主的综合地球物理探测，发现秦岭现今北界存在华北地块南部自北向南向秦岭的巨型陆内俯冲带，深达Ｍｏｈｏ面以下，与之相伴而生，在中上地壳发育自南向北的逆冲推构造带，千公里东西向延伸，主要发生于晚白垩世１００Ｍａ±，成为秦岭与华北地区块间中新生代重要陆内构造，它是秦岭造山带岩石圈现今三维结构的基本要素和组成部分，秦岭造山带岩石圈现今结构具有流变学分层的“立交桥”三维结构框架模型。显然它们具有统一的动力学背景，是秦岭造山带现今处于印度－青藏、太平洋和欧亚板块的西伯利亚地块等三大构造动力学体系复合部位，导致其从深部地幔动力学的最新调整到上部地壳响应所发生的壳幔等圈层相互作用的综合产物，可能是大陆长期保存、演化的主要途径与形式之一，具有重要的大陆动力学意义，对中国大陆构造、灾害、环境研究也具重要意义。     

Molybdenum deposits in the eastern Qinling,central China: constraints on the geodynamics

More than a dozen molybdenum prospects, distributed within a zone about 200 km long and 20 km wide, have been discovered in the Eastern Qinling orogenic belt, central China. These deposits are mainly hosted within small, dominantly granoporphyritic and quartz monzonitic intrusions of Cretaceous age. They can be classified into five groups based on spatial relationships between the ores and intrusions: porphyry-type, transitional-type (between porphyry and skarn), skarn-type, vent breccia-type, and hydrothermal vein-type Mo deposits. Regional geologic relations and deep-seated structures define the presence of the Luanchuan syncline, an EW-striking west-dipping depression located beneath the Mo-bearing metallogenic zone. Because the axis of the syncline is west-dipping in the study area and the crust overlying it is thickened, the stress is inhomogeneous, resulting in a S–N compressive stress in the deep crust and development of a set of NE-oriented extension-shear faults. These faults are superimposed on the W–E-striking deep-seated faults parallel to the ancient continental margin. The two groups form a chequerboard-like assemblage of deep-seated faults, providing channels for ascending ore fluids derived from crust–mantle interaction and space for subsequent ore precipitation. These faults controlled the emplacement of a series of intermediate-acid granite magmas and also contributed significantly to the distribution of the various Eastern Qinling ore deposits.     

福建明溪上地幔热结构及流变学特征

通过对采自福建明溪的幔源包体样品的详细研究,建立了该区上地幔的地温线,探讨其流变学特征。所获地温线高于大洋地温线,但稍低于中国东部和澳大利亚东南部地温线。由该地温线推导的壳幔边界为３８ｋｍ左右,但尖晶石二辉橄榄岩在３２ｋｍ左右即已开始出现,表明存在上地幔物质的底侵作用。同样,尖晶石二辉橄榄岩和石榴子石二辉橄榄岩包体平衡温度有所重叠,表明两者不是截然分开,其间存在有５￣１０ｋｍ的过渡带。包体的变形特     

初论地幔热柱与成矿——以冀西北金银多金属成矿区为例

作者通过对冀两北金、银多金属矿化集中区成矿规律和物探航磁、重力及遥感信息的综合研究,提出冀西北地区存在一个超越内蒙地轴与燕山褶皱带两个不同历史大地构造单元之上的中生代地幔热柱构造。文中例举了地幔热梓构造标志特征,探讨了地幔热柱构造地质作用（超变质作用、岩浆作用、成矿作用）及其时空演化规律,建立了地幔热柱构造的壳幔成矿模式。     

湖北银洞沟银金矿床正花状构造样式及控矿作用

湖北银洞沟银金矿床位于南秦岭造山带的武当巨型推覆体中的银洞沟逆冲推覆岩席中，该矿区中发育3条主要的韧脆性剪切带，银洞沟韧脆性剪切带，姚家湾剪切带和西沟剪切带，由北向南呈近等距分布，在剖面上呈正花状构造样式，控制着银洞沟银金矿床，陕西白河银矿，西沟隐伏银金矿和姚家湾铅锌银金矿等。     

Magnetotelluric survey across Singhbhum granite batholith

Magnetotelluric soundings have been carried out across the archaean terrain of Singhbhum granite batholith from Bangriposhi to Keonjhar for a distance of about 100 km. One-dimensional inversion models reveal that the depth of the moho varied between 23 and 40 km. The depth of the lithosphere asthenosphere boundary varied from 58 to 76 km. A zone of higher electrical conductivity detected at the base of the lower crust just above the moho is present along the entire profile. Signals within the range of 0.25 to 600 seconds, which crossed the coherency threshold of 0.8 to 0.9, could be stacked. Resistivity ranges of the crust mantle silicates below Singhbhum granite batholith vary over a wide range. Resistivity ranges are (i) 30,000–80,000 ohm for Singhbhum granite phase II, (ii) 2,000 to 9,000 ohm-m for Singhbhum granite phase III, (iii) 250 to 2,200 ohm-m for lower crust (iv) 3,000 to 47,000 ohm for the upper mantle and (v) 200 to 2300 ohm-m for the asthenosphere. Sharp break in electrical resistivity at the (i) upper crust-lower crust (ii) lower crust upper mantle and (iii) lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary is obtained along the entire profile. Signals could see up to 100 km below the granite batholith. Singhbhum granite phase II and III could be demarcated on the basis of resistivity. Low resistive zones in the lower crust and upper mantle might have formed due to (i) water (ii) combined effect of water and carbon and (iii) high temperature and partial melt.     

Deep structure of Kamchatka according to the results of MT sounding and seismic tomography

The key features in the distribution of geoelectric and velocity heterogeneities in the Earth’s crust and the upper mantle of Kamchatka are considered according to the data of deep magnetotelluric sounding and seismotomography. Their possible origin is discussed based on the combined analysis of electric conductivity and seismic velocity anomalies. The geoelectric model contains a crustal conducting layer at a depth of 15–35 km extending along the middle part of Kamchatka. In the Central Kamchatka volcanic belt, the layer is close to the ground surface to a depth of 15–20 km, where its conductivity considerably increases. Horizontal conducting zones with a width of up to 50 km extending into the Pacific Ocean are revealed in the lithosphere of eastern Kamchatka. The large centers of current volcanism are confined to the projections of the horizontal zones. The upper mantle contains an asthenospheric conducting layer that rises from a depth of 150 km in western Kamchatka to a depth of 70–80 km beneath the zone of current volcanism. According to the seismotographic data, the low- and high-seismic-velocity anomalies of P-waves that reflect lateral stratification, which includes the crust, the rigid part of the upper mantle, the asthenospheric layer in a depth range of ~70–130 km, and a high-velocity layer confined to a seismofocal zone, are identified on the vertical and horizontal cross sections of eastern Kamchatka. The cross sections show low-velocity anomalies, which, in the majority of cases, correspond to the high-conductivity anomalies caused by the increased porosity of rocks saturated with liquid fluids. However, there are also differences that are related to the electric conductivity of rocks depending on pore channels filled with liquid fluids making throughways for electric current. The seismic velocity depends, to a great extent, on the total porosity of the rocks, which also includes isolated and dead-end channels that can be filled with liquid fluids that do not contribute to the electric-current transfer. The data on electric conductivity and seismic velocity are used to estimate the porosity of the rocks in the anomalous zones of the Earth’s crust and the upper mantle that are characterized by high electric conductivity and low seismic velocity. This estimate serves as the basis for identifying the zones of partial melting in the lithosphere and the asthenosphere feeding the active volcanoes.     

Thermal Structure and Rheology of the Upper Mantle beneath Guangdong and Hainan Provinces, China

１．Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｔｈｅｔｈｅｒｍａｌｓｔａｔｅａｎｄｒｈｅｏｌｏｇｙｏｆｔｈｅｕｐｐｅｒｍａｎｔｌｅａｒｅｏｆｇｒｅａｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｉｎｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｔｈｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｏｆｔｈｅｌｉｔｈｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ,ａｎｄｅｖｅｎｆｏｒｉｔｓ３ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｏｒ４ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｍａｐｐｉｎｇ（Ｏ’ＲｅｉｌｌｙａｎｄＧｒｉｆｆｉｎ,１９８５;Ｏ’Ｒｅｉｌｌｙｅｔａｌ．,１９９６;Ｘｕｅｔａｌ．１９９５;Ｘｕｅｔａｌ．,１９９…     

Structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath the central european rift system

The crustal structure of the central European rift system has been investigated by seismic methods with varying success. Only a few investigations deal with the upper-mantle structure. Beneath the Rhinegraben the Moho is elevated, with a minimum depth of 25 km. Below the flanks it is a first-order discontinuity, while within the graben it is replaced by a transition zone with the strongest velocity gradient at 20–22 km depth. An anomalously high velocity of up to 8.6 km/s seems to exist within the underlying upper mantle at 40–50 km depth. A similar structure is also found beneath the Limagnegraben and the young volcanic zones within the Massif Central of France, but the velocity within the upper mantle at 40–50 km depth seems to be slightly lower. Here, the total crustal thickness reaches only 25 km. The crystalline crust becomes extremely thin beneath the southern Rhônegraben, where the sediments reach a thickness of about 10 km while the Moho is found at 24 km depth. The pronounced crustal thinning does not continue along the entire graben system. North of the Rhinegraben in particular the typical graben structure is interrupted by the Rhenohercynian zone with a “normal” West-European crust of 30 km thickness evident beneath the north-trending Hessische Senke. A single-ended profile again indicates a graben-like crustal structure west of the Leinegraben north of the Rhenohercynian zone. No details are available for the North German Plain where the central European rift system disappears beneath a sedimentary sequence of more than 10 km thickness.     

大陆块体地球化学边界与成矿——兼论中国东秦岭金属矿集区的构造控制

地球块体不均一性边界存在地球化学急变带 ,控制大型矿床的分布 ;深部构造或隐性的构造面与地壳浅表形成的矿集区有明显的空间和形成机制耦合关系。地球化学急变带在大陆内部往往沿着一些古大陆边缘展布 ,与地壳下部和上地幔的深部构造或扩展到地幔的不连续面具有相联系的空间组合关系 ,反映壳幔相互作用对深部构造效应和大规模成矿热流体的控制。东秦岭金属矿化集中区的大型或超大型矿床沿古大陆边缘产出 ,并受地球化学急变带与地球物理梯度带交叉效应控制 ,揭示了深部构造对大型矿集区的制约。     

Structure and composition of mantle peridotites at the boundary with crustal complexes of ophiolites in the Syumkeu massif,Polar Urals

Intense viscous-ductile deformations with multiorder flow folds and thin banding have been established in lherzolite and harzburgite of the Syumkeu massif 1.0–1.5 km below the boundary with crustal complexes. Intense shear deformation of mantle restites is traced along the entire boundary zone. The mineral composition of lherzolite and harzburgite in this zone occupies a transitional position between peridotite restites and olivine websterite from the lower part of the banded dunite-wehrlite-pyroxenite-gabbro complex. This implies that the mantle rocks from the crust-mantle transition zone were substantially transformed under transpressional intense shear stress settings along with a high-temperature ductile flow of mantle restites interacting with the supplied melt at a depth of more than 10 km. This type of transition zones differs from those known elsewhere in the Urals and supplements our knowledge on modes of mantle restite juxtaposition with crustal plutonic rocks.     

利用接收函数方法研究哀牢山剪切带南段金矿区的岩石圈结构: 岩石圈减薄与岩浆通道

印藏碰撞导致了青藏高原内部及周边地区形成巨量储量的成矿带。虽然这一地区的成矿研究非常深入,但仍然需要 完善对“源-运-储”的综合研究,需要从地壳上地幔结构角度对成矿源的起源进行探索。位于哀牢山剪切带南段的大坪- 长安金矿具有幔源成因迹象,该文研究了该矿区及邻区的岩石圈结构,从深部研究成矿来源。通过接收函数方法获得的研 究区剖面,揭示壳幔边界（Moho） 深度在30~40 km,但在金矿矿区下表现为Moho转换震相强烈横向不连续,表现为东西 两侧约3~5 km的下沉。岩石圈软流圈边界（LAB） 的转换震相揭示,研究区的岩石圈厚度为60~80 km,有效约束了研究区 强烈岩石圈减薄后剩余岩石圈的厚度。金矿区西侧思茅块体的岩石圈厚度最薄,位于前人层析成像工作揭示上地幔顶部一 低速体的上方。金矿区下方的岩石圈厚度为~80 km且LAB的转换震相表现为强烈的横向不连续。金矿下Moho和LAB的横 向不连续暗示了金矿区下方存在岩石圈尺度的岩浆通道,即软流圈的地幔物质可以较快速地到达浅表。笔者认为,研究区 的岩石圈结构支持由俯冲驱动的幔源成矿模型,但大坪-长安金矿矿区下的岩石圈尺度的岩浆通道的形成与哀牢山剪切带 的剪切变形直接相关。由Burma俯冲导致的地幔物质上涌对该通道的形成贡献有限。     

Deep slab subduction and dehydration and their geodynamic consequences: Evidence from seismology and mineral physics

We present new pieces of evidence from seismology and mineral physics for the existence of low-velocity zones in the deep part of the upper mantle wedge and the mantle transition zone that are caused by fluids from the deep subduction and deep dehydration of the Pacific and Philippine Sea slabs under western Pacific and East Asia. The Pacific slab is subducting beneath the Japan Islands and Japan Sea with intermediate-depth and deep earthquakes down to 600 km depth under the East Asia margin, and the slab becomes stagnant in the mantle transition zone under East China. The western edge of the stagnant Pacific slab is roughly coincident with the NE–SW Daxing'Anling-Taihangshan gravity lineament located west of Beijing, approximately 2000 km away from the Japan Trench. The upper mantle above the stagnant slab under East Asia forms a big mantle wedge (BMW). Corner flow in the BMW and deep slab dehydration may have caused asthenospheric upwelling, lithospheric thinning, continental rift systems, and intraplate volcanism in Northeast Asia. The Philippine Sea slab has subducted down to the mantle transition zone depth under Western Japan and Ryukyu back-arc, though the seismicity within the slab occurs only down to 200–300 km depths. Combining with the corner flow in the mantle wedge, deep dehydration of the subducting Pacific slab has affected the morphology of the subducting Philippine Sea slab and its seismicity under Southwest Japan. Slow anomalies are also found in the mantle under the subducting Pacific slab, which may represent small mantle plumes, or hot upwelling associated with the deep slab subduction. Slab dehydration may also take place after a continental plate subducts into the mantle.     

兴蒙、吉黑地区岩石圈电性结构特征

采用具有国际先进水平的二维连续自动反演技术对收集的MT资料进行了二维反演和综合解释。得到了不同地区MT剖面的二维电性结构断面。通过二维反演断面发现了松辽盆地的东西边界较陡,而南部边界较缓的电性结构;发现在火山地区12～30km深度普遍存在低阻物体,为解释火山地区深部存在岩浆囊提供了依据。另外,于桦南—饶河重新实施的MT剖面,其二维反演断面也较清楚地揭示出:剖面西段为高阻特征且具有稳定的岩石圈厚度(80～90km),该区段对应佳木斯地块;剖面中部具有明显的电性梯度带,该梯度带为确定佳木斯地块的东界位置及其深部结构形态提供了依据;剖面东段则揭示了佳木斯地块以东地区浅部为逆冲推覆体,深部为多个高阻块体与低阻条带相间的电性结构。