基于支持向量机的地震序列分类

介绍了人工智能领域最新的基于结构风险最小化原理的数据挖掘算法——支持向量机算法。根据支持向量机线性分类和可以具有不同核函数的非线性分类两种算法,建立了地震序列分类模型。通过试算和分析比较得到了地震序列最佳分类模型,最佳模型的分类结果与实际地震序列分类基本一致。综合分析认为支持向量机算法无论在学习或者预测精度方面都具有很大的优越性,其获得的地震序列分类知识库可以较为准确地实现地震序列类型的分类,因此基于支持向量机理论建立的地震序列分类模型应该是可行的。     

地震前兆综合预测支持向量机模型研究

该文介绍了支持向量机算法的原理与回归方法。 采用支持向量机中的非线性回归算法与理论公式产生的多维样本, 对其进行了数值仿真实验。 利用该方法和地震前兆异常建立了最佳地震综合预测模型, 对获得的最佳模型进行了内符检验, 得出最佳模型的预测结果与实际震例的地震震级基本一致。 综合分析认为, 支持向量机无论在学习或者预测精度方面不但具有很大的优越性和具有较强的外推泛化能力, 而且基于支持向量机回归算法建立的地震前兆综合预测模型是可行的, 其获得的知识可较为准确地实现对主震震级的综合预测。     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的城市桥梁震害预测模型研究

针对地震中城市桥梁震害状态具有较强的非线性、复杂性的特点,采用了具有RBF核函数的最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)算法。在大量收集我国地震中城市桥梁震害资料的基础上,将此算法引入桥梁的震害预测中,选取了地震烈度、上部结构、地基失效程度、支座类型、墩台高度、桥梁跨数和场地类别等因素作为模型的特征输入向量,建立了最小二乘支持向量机的桥梁震害预测模型。通过反复地样本训练及模型参数设置,仿真结果表明,该方法具有一定的准确度和可行性。基于最小二乘支持向量机的桥梁震害预测方法是一种可以用于地震中桥梁震害预测的良好方法。     

基于支持向量机的信号自动检测算法

STA/LTA算法是信号自动检测中的经典算法. 这种算法中检测阈值的分布范围在0~infin;之间， 合适的检测阈值不但要根据实验反复调试， 而且要在误检率和漏检率之间取得平衡. 针对这一问题， 从模式识别的角度出发， 给出了一种基于支持向量机的信号检测算法. 讨论了该算法中数据预处理和模式特征提取的方法， 以及支持向量机中核函数的选择问题. 利用实际地震数据， 分析了这种算法的检测性能. 结果表明, 这种算法简化了检测阈值的选择. 在准确检测信号的同时，其误检率相对于STA/LTA算法可以降低约85％， 并且具有较强的抗噪性能.      

主成分分析法和遗传算法优化的支持向量机模型在地震伤亡人数预测中的应用

为有效解决地震伤亡人数预测所需影响因子多、 运算量大、 模型训练烦琐等问题, 构建了主成分分析法(PCA)和遗传算法(GA)优化的支持向量机(SVM)模型, 采用PCA对地震伤亡人数影响因子进行降维以去除贡献率较低的主成分, 将贡献率较大的主成分作为支持向量机的输入变量, 以地震伤亡人数作为输出变量, 利用GA对SVM模型性能参数进行优化, 建立基于PCA-GA-SVM的地震伤亡人数预测模型, 并对测试样本进行预测, 结果表明: 与SVM模型、 GA-SVM模型和PCA-GA-BP模型相比, PCA-GA-SVM模型的预测准确率和运行效率分别提高 4.73%、 1.14%、 9.99% 和47.05%、 36.76%、 44.55%。结果显示, PCA-GA-SVM模型预测精度高, 泛化能力强, 能够科学合理地对地震伤亡人数作出预测。     

基于支持向量机和小波包的金属矿床地震数据去噪

针对深部找矿地震资料信噪比很低的问题,结合小波包和支持向量机的理论,提出了一种新的去噪算法.该算法首先从地震资料中找出噪声干扰极小的和噪声很强的数据,利用支持向量机进行训练学习,提取噪声和有效信号的样本特征.然后将地震资料实施小波包变换得到更加精细和不同频带的信号,利用支持向量机训练出的样本特征对小波包变换后的数据进行...     

测井岩性识别新方法研究

为了更好地解决测井岩性识别问题,引入了一种基于粒子群优化的支持向量机算法.通过实际测井资料和岩性剖面资料进行学习训练支持向量机,并利用粒子群优化算法对支持向量机参数进行优化,建立了测井岩性识别的支持向量机模型,应用该方法对准噶尔盆地某井的测井岩性进行识别,并将该方法的识别结果与BP神经网络方法的识别结果进行了比较,结果表明该方法优于BP神经网络方法,具有识别正确率高、收敛速度快、推广能力强等优点.     

半监督最小二乘支持向量机的研究及其在海上油田储层预测中的应用（英文）

勘探开发初期海上油田钻井少、井间距离大,在应用地震多属性分析技术预测储层参数的过程中,直接采用监督最小二乘支持向量机算法预测精度较低。本文将最小二乘支持向量机与半监督学习理论结合,提出基于最小二乘支持向量机协同训练的半监督回归模型,并在模型训练过程中引入矩阵迭代求逆的方法,提高模型训练速度。利用UCI数据集实验研究,对比了半监督与监督最小二乘支持向量机模型,结果表明,半监督学习机制能够有效地提高最小二乘支持向量机的泛化性能,且随着训练样本的减小,效果更加明显;同时对比了半监督最小二乘支持向量机与半监督k-临近算法,结果显示,在小样本建模中,半监督最小二乘支持向量机有着更高的预测精度。最终将半监督最小二乘支持向量机运用于锦州工区,预测该区的砂体及储层孔隙度的分布,获得了较好的地质效果。     

基于粒子群优化最小二乘向量机的地震预测模型

为解决地震预测中最小二乘向量机(LSSVM)模型的参数难以确定的问题,利用粒子群算法(PSO)的收敛速度快和全局优化能力,优化LSSVM模型的惩罚因子和核函数参数,建立了PSO-LSSVM地震预测模型.通过对地震实例的预测仿真及其相关分析表明该方法的有效性.该方法优于传统的神经网络和支持向量机的地震预测方法,可以有效提高预测效能.     

支持向量机方法在地球物理学中的应用与展望

支持向量机方法是基于统计学习理论的新一代学习算法,在解决小样本、非线性和高维模式识别中表现出很多特有的优势。通过支持向量机分类的原理,以及在地震勘探、油气储层预测、大地电磁和地震监测中的应用现状进行简要的综述,说明此方法在地球物理学研究中是有效的。随着支持向量机方法不断完善和改进,在地球物理学中的应用前景将更加广泛。     

基于互联网的震后虚假信息入侵实时检测系统设计

虚假震后信息入侵严重干扰抗震救灾与灾后重建进程,为防止虚假震后信息在互联网中大肆传播,需对震后虚假信息进行精准识别,设计基于互联网的震后虚假信息入侵实时检测系统。互联网以Web服务器为载体传播信息,数据包捕获模块采用WinPcap技术,并从中获取有效数据包,在协议解析模块中完成数据包TCP/IP协议、CMP协议、UDP协议解码工作,解码后的数据输入到基于SVM的震后虚假信息检测模型中。SVM模型寻求最优超平面将震后信息分为虚假与真实两个类别,根据该结果完成震后虚假信息入侵实时检测。由实验结果可知该系统检测震后虚假信息入侵误报率低于3%,相比同类型系统具有接收数据能力强、效率高的优势,对精准检测震后虚假信息具有重要意义。     

Automatic signal detection based on support vector machine

Introduction The automatic processing of continuous seismic data is important for monitoring earthquake, in which real data recorded by field stations located in different regions is transmitted to data cen- tre through internet or satellite communication systems. Automatic processing will run firstly on data, afterwards these automatic processing results will be reviewed and modified. The load of interactive analysis would be increase if there were more false events or missed events after run…     

Impact of sensor measurement error on sensor positioning in water quality monitoring networks

This paper studies the impact of sensor measurement error on designing a water quality monitoring network for a river system, and shows that robust sensor locations can be obtained when an optimization algorithm is combined with a statistical process control (SPC) method. Specifically, we develop a possible probabilistic model of sensor measurement error and the measurement error model is embedded into a simulation model of a river system. An optimization algorithm is used to find the optimal sensor locations that minimize the expected time until a spill detection in the presence of a constraint on the probability of detecting a spill. The experimental results show that the optimal sensor locations are highly sensitive to the variability of measurement error and false alarm rates are often unacceptably high. An SPC method is useful in finding thresholds that guarantee a false alarm rate no more than a pre-specified target level, and an optimization algorithm combined with the thresholds finds a robust sensor network.     

Automatic event detection in low SNR microseismic signals based on multi-scale permutation entropy and a support vector machine

Microseismic monitoring is an effective means for providing early warning of rock or coal dynamical disasters, and its first step is microseismic event detection, although low SNR microseismic signals often cannot effectively be detected by routine methods. To solve this problem, this paper presents permutation entropy and a support vector machine to detect low SNR microseismic events. First, an extraction method of signal features based on multi-scale permutation entropy is proposed by studying the influence of the scale factor on the signal permutation entropy. Second, the detection model of low SNR microseismic events based on the least squares support vector machine is built by performing a multi-scale permutation entropy calculation for the collected vibration signals, constructing a feature vector set of signals. Finally, a comparative analysis of the microseismic events and noise signals in the experiment proves that the different characteristics of the two can be fully expressed by using multi-scale permutation entropy. The detection model of microseismic events combined with the support vector machine, which has the features of high classification accuracy and fast real-time algorithms, can meet the requirements of online, real-time extractions of microseismic events.     

多波地震深度学习的油气储层分布预测案例

有机并有效利用纵波与转换横波在油气储层敏感度上存在的差异,有助于突出地震油气储层特征,有助于提高地震油气储层分布边界刻画的精度.基于此,本文设计了一种卷积神经网络与支持向量机方法相结合的多波地震油气储层分布预测的深度学习法（Deep Learning Method）.首先,利用莱特准则剔除所生成的多波地震属性中可能存在的异常值降低网络变体数量.然后,通过能突出多波地震油气储层特征的聚类算法和无监督学习算法构建隐藏层,用于增加网络共享,提取油气特征.最后,将增加网络罚值后的井点样本作为支持向量机预测的输入样本,以降采样后的C3卷积层属性作为学习集,进行从已知到未知的地震油气储层的预测.本方案应用于HG地区晚三叠统HGR组的碳酸盐岩油气储层预测,所预测的地震油气储层边界更加清晰,预测结果与实际情况基本吻合.应用结果表明：本论文方案不仅具有可行性,且具有有效性.     

THE METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING IONOSPHERIC TEC BACKGROUND FIELD BASED ON SVR MODEL

There are many factors related to the variations of TEC, and the changes of TEC caused by earthquake only occupy a small portion. Therefore, it is vital how to exclude the ionospheric interference of non-seismic factors accurately in the process of seismic ionospheric anomaly extraction. This study constructed a TEC non-seismic dynamic background field considering the influence of solar and geomagnetic activities. Firstly, the TEC components of half-year cycle and annual cycle are extracted by wavelet decomposition. Then, it establishes a regression model between TEC in which periodic factors are removed and solar activity index, geomagnetic activity index with SVR method(support vector regression)in non-seismic period. Finally, based on the constructed model, the solar activity index and geomagnetic activity index is used to reconstruct aperiodic components of TEC in earthquake's period. From the reconstructed aperiodic components of TEC plus the half-year periodic components and annual periodic components of TEC in the same period, the non-seismic dynamic background field is obtained. Comparing the residuals relative to original TEC values in non-seismic dynamic background field and traditional sliding window background, there are apparent monthly periodic change and semi-annual periodic change in the residuals of sliding window background, which can have obvious impacts on the subsequent seismic ionospheric anomaly detection. In order to test the validity of seismic TEC anomaly detection based on the background field construction method, this paper investigated the long time series TEC anomalies near Wenchuan city(30°N, 100°E)from March 1 to September 26 in 2008. It is found that under the condition of non-seismic disturbance such as solar activity and geomagnetic activity, TEC abnormal disturbance is rarely detected by non-seismic dynamic background field method, when compared with the traditional sliding time-window method. And before the earthquake, more TEC anomalies were detected based on the proposed method, also, they were more intense than those extracted by sliding window method. Therefore, the TEC background field construction method based on SVR(support vector regression)has superiorities in both system errors elimination, which are caused by solar, geomagnetism, the non-seismic ionospheric disturbance events and periodic fluctuations of TEC, and in reducing the false alarm rate of seismic TEC anomaly. Moreover, it can also improve the seismic TEC anomaly detection ability. In addition, this paper analyzed the time-spatial distribution of TEC anomaly before three earthquakes on May 12, August 21 and August 30, 2008. They were mainly negative abnormal perturbations and often distributed on the equatorial side of epicenter.     

基于DBSCAN的地震电离层扰动异常数据检测方法

电离层扰动变化可以作为地震的短临前兆,为提升电离层扰动数据分析准确性,剔除异常数据,提出了基于DBSCAN的地震电离层扰动异常数据检测方法。首先利用DBSCAN方法的中心思想,分析电离层扰动数据,结合无线传感器网络数据的特点,将欧式距离设定为指标,对比不同电离层扰动数据并进行划分聚类,然后计算地震电离层扰动数据相似度。再利用DBSCAN方法提取相关的环境特征集,通过特征集实现地震电离层扰动异常数据检测。最后实验分析与传统方法相比,运行时间、误报率、漏报率以及检测率的对比结果。结果表明：所提方法的所需时间短,误报率和漏报率明显降低,检测率大大提高。     

基于信号包络线相似性的特定场地地下爆炸识别方法研究

基于信号包络线相似性, 本文提出了特定场地地下爆炸的识别方法, 并将其用于一个特定场地地震事件分析, 以评估该方法对特定场地爆炸事件的识别效果. 结果表明, 在误警率约为6.3%的情况下, 事件间距小于15 km的爆炸事件漏检率约为0.5%, 事件间距在15—30 km范围内的爆炸事件漏检率约为5.0%. 与波形互相关方法相比, 本文方法大幅扩大了有效识别特定场地爆炸事件的空间范围.