高温下受弯钢梁的弹塑性弯扭屈曲分析

基于弹塑性理论,通过建立钢梁截面的弯矩曲率关系作弯矩作用平面内的弹塑性分析等几个步骤,对火灾高温作用下受弯简支钢梁在弹塑性阶段的弯扭屈曲性能变化进行了分析,给出了钢梁的临界屈曲弯矩的计算表达式。通过算例分析了钢梁弹塑性阶段临界屈曲弯矩随温度的变化,并利用ANSYS有限元软件模拟了钢梁在火灾燃烧不同时刻的竖向变形。结果表明,随着温度的升高,钢梁弹塑性阶段的临界弯矩呈现出逐渐降低的趋势,而其竖向变形则逐渐增大,文中对这2个变量在不同温度条件下的具体变化情况分别进行了详细的分析和描述。     

结构地震临界荷载的上、下限问题研究

本文介绍了利用变分原理推导的拟势能原理和拟余能原理，把拟势能原理和拟余能原理应用到结构地震临界荷载分析中，从而提出了一种计算结构地震临界荷载的新方法，同时从理论上论述了为什么利用拟势能原理和拟余能原理可以分析结构地震临界荷载的上、下限问题．     

地震作用下立式储液罐罐壁“象足”变形仿真分析

基于ANSYS软件建立了考虑液体晃动和罐底提离立式储液罐有限元模型,分别进行了水平地震和竖向地震作用下罐壁“象足”变形分析。分析表明:立式储液罐罐壁“象足”变形主要是由罐壁纵向压应力超过临界应力而产生的局部屈曲破坏,并非强度破坏。因罐底提离导致的罐底与基础反复撞击加大了作用在罐壁上的应力,使罐壁底部“象足”变形不断发展,最终导致罐壁撕裂。在完全相同地震加速度作用下,水平地震作用比竖向地震作用罐壁更早更容易进入屈曲状态,产生“象足”变形。     

地震作用下立式储液罐罐壁"象足"变形仿真分析

基于ANSYS软件建立了考虑液体晃动和罐底提离立式储液罐有限元模型,分别进行了水平地震和竖向地震作用下罐壁"象足"变形分析.分析表明:立式储液罐罐壁"象足"变形主要是由罐壁纵向压应力超过临界应力而产生的局部屈曲破坏,并非强度破坏.因罐底提离导致的罐底与基础反复撞击加大了作用在罐壁上的应力,使罐壁底部"象足"变形不断发展,最终导致罐壁撕裂.在完全相同地震加速度作用下,水平地震作用比竖向地震作用罐壁更早更容易进入屈曲状态,产生"象足"变形.     

密肋防屈曲钢板剪力墙低周反复荷载试验研究

通过对一榀密肋防屈曲钢板剪力墙在水平低周反复荷载作用下的试验,研究了该结构的初始刚度、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性和耗能性能。试验结果表明:内填板与两侧网格密肋通过螺栓连接,减缓了内填钢板的初始几何缺陷;与普通薄钢板剪力墙相比,降低了对边框柱抗弯刚度的要求;网格密肋的设置有效地避免了内填钢板的整体屈曲,减小了试验过程中的面外变形;提高了墙体的初始刚度和弹性屈曲荷载;改善了滞回曲线的"捏缩"现象。密肋防屈曲钢板剪力墙具有较大的抗侧刚度和稳定的耗能能力,是一种非常适用于高烈度抗震设防区的抗侧力构件。该研究为其理论分析和工程应用提供了依据。     

超高层建筑幕墙施工过程分析

传统的幕墙结构设计,往往忽略施工过程对其安全性的影响,这种近似的分析方法会与实际情况有较大差异,结果不可信。尤其对于超高层建筑,其施工过程中力学变化复杂,对幕墙整体安全性的影响具有一定未知性,需要深入分析。针对此问题,结合刚度迁移法对上海中心大厦幕墙施工过程进行研究,重点分析了典型分区幕墙支撑结构应力及吊杆变形在施工中的变化;利用显式有限元方法分析了伸臂桁架的合拢次序,保证了幕墙施工的安全性。结果表明：幕墙支撑结构应力在各施工阶段存在差异,幕墙玻璃施工结束后,应力达到最大值,后续施工中,应力逐渐减小;吊杆最大竖向变形量出现在本区幕墙玻璃施工中;为保证幕墙施工的安全性,应合理安排伸臂桁架的合拢次序及时间。     

带竖向隔板的屈曲约束钢板剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

提出了一种带竖向隔板的屈曲约束钢板剪力墙,通过角钢加劲肋的设置在内嵌钢板与外围约束混凝土板之间形成间隙,并在内嵌钢板中部设置竖向隔板。采用1/3缩尺模型,对该新型钢板剪力墙在低周反复荷载作用下的破坏形态、滞回特性、骨架曲线、延性性能、等效刚度、承载力退化及耗能能力等性能进行研究。利用ABAQUS对试件进行了有限元模拟,并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明,由于该新型钢板剪力墙设置竖向隔板,避免了内嵌钢板的整体屈曲,延缓了混凝土板的破坏,改善了剪力墙的受力性能,是一种性能优越的新型钢板剪力墙。     

考虑玻璃结构的上海中心大厦幕墙大震弹塑性分析

常规的幕墙抗震设计,往往只考虑玻璃质量对幕墙整体的影响而忽略玻璃刚度,将玻璃结构转化为等效质量施加于幕墙支撑结构进行抗震分析。然而,当幕墙结构承受大震作用时,幕墙支撑结构已进入塑性状态,将产生较大变形,此时玻璃刚度将在一定程度上影响幕墙整体刚度。尤其是对于复杂的超高层幕墙结构,玻璃刚度对幕墙整体刚度的影响具有一定的未知性,需要深入研究。针对这一问题,本文依托上海中心大厦幕墙结构,研究了考虑玻璃结构的幕墙大震下的弹塑性响应,并将其与未考虑玻璃结构的响应进行对比分析。结果表明,玻璃结构对建筑主体结构影响较少,对幕墙结构层间位移角抑制明显,从而减少了支撑结构内力;对高楼层,加速度放大系数有一定抑制作用,但对低楼层,加速度放大系数抑制作用有限。     

基于P-Z模型的直立墙振动台试验数值模拟

基于块石静、动室内三轴试验确定的广义塑性模型参数,对直立墙结构振动台试验进行有限元数值模拟,并与试验结果进行对比分析,进一步探讨直立墙结构在地震荷载作用下的破坏过程和破坏特征。计算表明:该模型可较合理地模拟直立墙结构的地震反应特性和破坏特征,计算结果与试验现象基本相符。位于抛石基床上的直立墙结构破坏模式为直立墙向外海侧的滑移、倾斜和竖向沉降,其破坏过程为:当输入加速度较小时,直立墙处于稳定状态;随着输入加速度逐渐增大,直立墙在自身惯性力和墙后回填块石的动土压力作用下缓慢向外海侧水平滑移、倾斜和竖向沉降,墙后回填块石出现沉陷,但变形较小;当加速度达到一定值时,直立墙向外海侧移动和回填块石沉陷速率急剧增加,变形较大。     

钢筋混凝土框架结构震后可存活概率预测方法研究

针对当前钢筋混凝土震后存活预测相关方法存在预测值与实际值拟合度低的问题,提出基于有限元的钢筋混凝土框架结构震后可存活概率预测方法。利用混凝土本构模型关联数值和钢筋本构模型数值计算,实现钢筋混凝土框架材料本构模型关联数值分析。结合建筑和结构施工图实现钢筋混凝土有限元模拟,将钢筋混凝土框架有限元模型的最大竖向荷载作为结构整体构造竖向极限承载力,并引入随机Pushdown方法及随机竖向IDA法得到钢筋混凝土框架震后可存活概率。经实验证明,将有限元应用至钢筋混凝土框架结构震后可存活概率预测中切实可行;预测值与实际值拟合度高于目前常用方法。所提方法的性能完善,可为该领域发展提供可借鉴的信息。     

Forced vibration test of a building with semi‐active damper system

The authors developed a semi‐active hydraulic damper (SHD) and installed it in an actual building in 1998. This was the first application of a semi‐active structural control system that can control a building's response in a large earthquake by continuously changing the device's damping coefficient. A forced vibration test was carried out by an exciter with a maximum force of 100 kN to investigate the building's vibration characteristics and to determine the system's performance. As a result, the primary resonance frequency and the damping ratio of a building that the SHDs were not jointed to, decreased as the exciting force increased due to the influence of non‐linear members such as PC curtain walls. The equivalent damping ratio was estimated by approximating the resonance curves using the steady‐state response of the SDOF bilinear hysteretic system. After the eight SHDs were jointed to the building, the system's performance was identified by a response control test for steady‐state vibration. The elements that composed the semi‐active damper system demonstrated the specified performance and the whole system operated well. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

核电厂进水口直立式翼墙结构地基三维地震响应分析

以某核电站海域工程进水口直立翼墙为背景,运用FLAC~(3D)有限差分程序对直立式翼墙结构在地震作用时的动力响应进行模拟,结合PL-Finn液化后大变形本构模型,研究翼墙结构在动力荷载作用下的动力响应规律。从结构的位移时程、结构变形、超孔压比、液化区域等方面定量评价翼墙护岸结构的安全性。分析结果表明:砂土液化后发生流动使结构出现规律性残余变形,且随地震强度增加而变大。由地震惯性力和砂土液化共同引起的水平和竖向变形,在SL1作用下翼墙结构顶部水平残余变形0.05 m,竖向残余变形为0.07 m。在SL2作用下翼墙结构顶部水平残余变形0.26 m,竖向残余变形为0.16 m;与基底输入地震动相比,在翼墙结构顶部水平和竖直加速度放大4～5倍,且越靠近翼墙顶部处加速度呈现出明显放大效应。     

Seismic performance evaluation of single damped‐outrigger system incorporating buckling‐restrained braces

The outrigger system is an effective means of controlling the seismic response of core‐tube type tall buildings by mobilizing the axial stiffness of the perimeter columns. This study investigates the damped‐outrigger, incorporating the buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) as energy dissipation device (BRB‐outrigger system). The building's seismic responses are expected to be effectively reduced because of the high BRB elastic stiffness during minor earthquakes and through the stable energy dissipation mechanism of the BRB during large earthquakes. The seismic behavior of the BRB‐outrigger system was investigated by performing a spectral analysis considering the equivalent damping to incorporate the effects of BRB inelastic deformation. Nonlinear response history analyses were performed to verify the spectral analysis results. The analytical models with building heights of 64, 128, and 256 m were utilized to investigate the optimal outrigger elevation and the relationships between the outrigger truss flexural stiffness, BRB axial stiffness, and perimeter column axial stiffness to achieve the minimum roof drift and acceleration responses. The method of determining the BRB yield deformation and its effect on overall seismic performance were also investigated. The study concludes with a design recommendation for the single BRB‐outrigger system.     

Experimental study of deformable connection consisting of buckling‐restrained brace and rubber bearings to connect floor system to lateral force resisting system

This paper presents experimental and numerical studies of a full‐scale deformable connection used to connect the floor system of the flexible gravity load resisting system to the stiff lateral force resisting system (LFRS) of an earthquake‐resistant building. The purpose of the deformable connection is to limit the earthquake‐induced horizontal inertia force transferred from the floor system to the LFRS and, thereby, to reduce the horizontal floor accelerations and the forces in the LFRS. The deformable connection that was studied consists of a buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) and steel‐reinforced laminated low‐damping rubber bearings (RB). The test results show that the force–deformation responses of the connection are stable, and the dynamic force responses are larger than the quasi‐static force responses. The BRB+RB force–deformation response depends mainly on the BRB response. A detailed discussion of the BRB experimental force–deformation response is presented. The experimental results show that the maximum plastic deformation range controls the isotropic hardening of the BRB. The hardened BRB force–deformation responses are used to calculate the overstrength adjustment factors. Details and limitations of a validated, accurate model for the connection force–deformation response are presented. Numerical simulation results for a 12‐story reinforced concrete wall building with deformable connections show the effects of including the RB in the deformable connection and the effect of modeling the BRB isotropic hardening on the building seismic response. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

型钢混凝土梁柱框支剪力墙结构抗震性能试验研究

框支剪力墙结构在实际工程中经常被采用,震害表明钢筋混凝土框支剪力墙结构抗震性能较差,本文提出型钢混凝土梁柱框支剪力墙结构对此加以改进。作者进行了4个1/4缩尺模型在竖向荷载和单调及低周反复水平荷载作用下的对比试验,其中3个试件采用型钢混凝土转换梁、型钢混凝土框支柱,1个试件采用钢筋混凝土转换梁、钢筋混凝土框支柱。我们分析其承载力、刚度、变形、延性和破坏形态等。试验结果表明,型钢混凝土梁柱框支剪力墙结构承载力高、延性好、滞回曲线丰满,变形能力和耗能能力较强。     

Seismic performance of hybrid ductile‐rocking braced frame system

A new hybrid ductile‐rocking seismic‐resistant design is proposed which consists of a code‐designed buckling‐restrained braced frame (BRBF) that yields along its height and also partially rocks on its foundation. The goal of this system is to cost‐effectively improve the performance of BRBFs, by reducing drift concentrations and residual deformations, while taking advantage of their large ductility and their reliable limit on seismic forces and accelerations along a building's height. A lock‐up device ensures that the full code‐compliant lateral strength can be achieved after a limited amount of column uplift, and supplemental energy dissipation elements are used to reduce the rocking response. This paper outlines the mechanics of the system and then presents analyses on rocking frames with both ductile and elastic braces in order to highlight the large higher mode demands on elastic rocking frames. A parametric study using nonlinear time‐history analysis of BRBF structures designed according to the proposed procedure for Los Angeles, California is then presented. This study investigates the system's seismic response and the effect of different energy dissipation element properties and allowable base rotation values before the lock‐up is engaged. Finally, the effect of vertical mass modeling on analysis results was investigated. These studies demonstrated that the hybrid ductile‐rocking system can in fact improve the global peak and residual deformation response as well as reduce brace damage. This enhanced performance could eliminate the need for expensive repairs or demolition that are otherwise to be expected for conventional ductile fixed base buildings that sustain severe damage.     

Active control of building seismic response by energy dissipation

Active energy dissipation is proved to be very effective for abating seismic effects on buildings. The implementation of this concept in seismic design of buildings is studied by response simulations of a single storey building subjected to earthquake motion. Active energy dissipaters can be installed as part of the building lateral load bracing, and they regulate the strength and stiffness of the bracing during the building's response to the seismic events. The energy is dissipated when the bracing load exceeds the axial strength provided by the dissipater, and the bracing telescopes in and out. The design parameters of active energy dissipaters are described using the simulated response of a single storey building to ground pulse and harmonic ground excitation. The feasibility of the energy dissipater is demonstrated by the development and construction of a full-scale prototype device called an Active Slip Bracing Device (ASBD). The device utilizes Coulomb friction. The active characteristics are implemented by a computer controlled clamping mechanism on the friction interface. The ASBD's control of the strength and stiffness is investigated.     

Subassemblage cyclic loading test of RC frame with buckling restrained braces in zigzag configuration

A new buckling restrained braced frame system is proposed for reinforced concrete building structures, which is featured by the zigzag configuration of the braces and the corresponding connection details. The connection details tend to separate the vertical and horizontal components of force imposed by the braces to be resisted by independent structural components to make the behavior of the connection easier to estimate and control. The performance of the brace connection details was evaluated through cyclic load testing on 1/2‐scale subassemblies of the proposed system, each of which consisted of a reinforced concrete part and a set of buckling restrained braces. To simplify the test control, the specimens were rotated 90° in the test and were loaded by two displacement controlled actuators. The test results show that the normal and the shear resistance of the gusset plate connection are essentially independent of each other. However, the rotation of the gusset plate with respect to the beam‐to‐column joint may result in nonuniform force distribution of the anchor bolts, the primary resistance for tensile force. At the same time, such rotation may also subject the concrete corbels, the primary shear resistance, to unfavorable tensile force. In addition, it is also confirmed that the buckling restrained braces performed well in the proposed system. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.