基于STIRPAT模型的江苏省能源消费碳排放影响因素分析及趋势预测

定量分析碳排放的影响因素,对降低区域碳排放具有重要的指导意义。利用STIRPAT模型,定量分析江苏省能源消费碳排放量与人口、富裕度（以人均GDP表示）、技术进步（以能源强度表示）和城镇化水平之间的关系,通过岭回归拟合后发现,人口数量、人均GDP、能源强度、城市化水平每变化1%,江苏省能源消费碳排放量将分别发生3.467%、(0.242+0.024 lnA)%、0.313%和0.151%的变化。在以上研究的基础上,设置8种不同的发展情景,分析了江苏省未来能源消费碳排放量的发展趋势。结果表明,当人口、经济保持低速增长,并保持高技术增长率时,有利于控制江苏省的能源消费碳排放量,2020年江苏省的能源消费碳排放量预测值为202.81 MtC。     

江苏省能源效率空间分异特征与成因分析

提高能源效率是江苏省突破能源困局的重要途径。文章采用数据包络分析法(Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA),在全要素生产力分析框架下,测度2007 年江苏省各地级市能源利用的综合效率、技术效率和规模效率,分析3 类能源效率的空间分异特征,并根据3 类能源效率的关联关系划分能源效率的地域类型;进而采用变异系数(CV)、单位GDP能耗和大中型 企业集中指数(CI) 等指标,结合各地级市的产业结构特征,分析江苏省能源效率地域分异成因;最后,根据DEA模型的投入产出优化目标值(Targets),探讨提高各地级市能源效率的对策措施。研究结果表明：① 江苏省能源效率总体上呈南高北低、东西分化的分布特征,并存 在轻工业型和重工业型两大“DEA有效”极核;② 能源规模效率是制约江苏省能源综合效率的主要方面;③ 单位GDP能耗可以集中反映区域能源技术效率水平,大中型企业集中指数可以集中反映区域能源规模效率水平;④ 高耗能产业比重高的区域其能源技术效率相对较低, 居于经济区过渡地带或边缘区位的区域其能源规模效率相对较低;⑤ 全省普遍存在生产要素投入冗余现象,可通过优化投资环境、产业结构高级化、突出特色产业、提升产业技术、提高劳动力素质及提高产业集中程度等途径来提高区域的能源利用效率。     

区域综合能源保障风险研究——以江苏省为例

能源是人类社会存在和发展的物质基础。区域能源供需保障是关系到国家发展和能源风险管理的重大问题之一。尝试引进灾害风险评价的方法,从能源资源、生产、运输、消费等多角度构建了综合能源保障风险的评价指标体系,对江苏省综合能源保障风险进行了区划。结果表明:苏州地区为能源潜在风险区;无锡、常州及南京等地区属于能源低等保障区;南通、镇江、淮安及徐州等地区属于能源中等保障区;连云港、宿迁及盐城等地区属于能源高保障区,能源风险相对较低。     

江苏省工业碳排放强度时空分异研究

采用空间自相关和Tobit等方法,以县域为研究单元,探讨了2002~2014年江苏省工业碳排放强度差异的时空格局演化特征及影响因素。结果表明:江苏省工业碳排放强度总体差异呈缩小趋势,苏南、苏中和苏北3地区差异程度低,各区域内部差异是江苏省工业碳排放强度整体差异的主因;H-H型县域集中分布于苏中、苏北地区,L-L型县域分布于苏南地区。经济水平、能源利用率、产业结构、政府调控、人口规模和技术创新是江苏省工业碳排放强度空间差异的主要影响因素,其中经济水平和人口规模对工业碳排放强度表现为正向驱动作用,而能源利用率、产业结构和政府调控的驱动作用则相反。     

江苏省能源与经济系统协调发展评价

建立能源系统、经济系统发展评价指标体系,构建能源与经济系统协调度模型,利用1995-2009年江苏省能源与经济相关统计数据,定量分析江苏省能源系统与经济系统协调发展水平。研究结果表明两者的协调发展大体经历了如下变化:1995-1997年协调度虽呈现缓慢上升趋势,但两系统各自的发展均处在较低水平;1998年江苏经济系统发展快于能源系统,出现短暂地协调度下降现象;1999-2004年两系统发展速度同步加快,呈现出短暂的"和谐"状态;2005年协调度略微回落,能源资源过度消耗等问题日益突出;为此,政府采取转变经济发展方式、调整产业结构等积极措施,2006-2009年两系统协调度出现回升态势。"十二五"期间,江苏应进一步从产业结构、能源结构、能源利用效率、全民节能降耗意识等四方面实现优化升级,并将解决环境问题放在更为突出的位置,努力把江苏建设成为经济健康型、资源节约型、环境友好型社会。     

江苏省能源碳排放现状及县域聚类分析

利用1998～2008年江苏省能源消费数据,初步分析了江苏省能源碳排放的现状。以碳排放量、人均碳排放量和碳排放强度为指标,采用K-均值聚类分析方法对2002年、2008年江苏省县域的＂排放—效率＂类型进行了基本划分,并分析了各聚类碳排放格局特征。结果显示：GDP标准下的发达地区大多属于＂高排放＂类型,其中部分县市甚至属于＂高排放—低效率＂类型;以南京市区和徐州市区为代表的＂高排放—低效率＂地区,占全省碳排放量的一半,是江苏省节能减排的重点区域;不同聚类类型间呈现明显的空间自相关性,相同类型在空间上集中分布;局部格局的不稳定性,使县域在不同聚类类型间的跃迁行为时有发生。     

区域能源碳排放系统开发及应用

气候保护需要落实到区域层面上,区域实施碳减排政策前需要对自身的碳排放需求进行核算,开发区域能源碳排放系统以支持政府决策显得尤为必要。在介绍区域能源碳排放需求的经济动力学模型基础上,基于GIS的区域能源碳排放需求系统的开发过程,给出了应用实例。基于区域能源碳排放需求分析系统,可以方便地计算和查询中国各省市自治区未来的能源碳排放需求。基于GIS模块,通过模型用户可以对比不同区域的能源碳排放,并可方便地存储和输出。例如,以江苏省和山东省为例进行对比,可以发现山东省的能源碳排放总量和人均碳排放都比江苏省大。模型设置不同的情景分析,给各地政府实施碳减排措施提供决策支持,如以天津市为例,模拟了不同政策情景下对天津未来能源碳排放量的影响。此外,系统实现了面向国际谈判需求的多区域合成的碳排放需求估计,为国家参与气候谈判争取更多的主动权,对高度发展中国家的碳排放趋势进行的预测结果显示在平稳增长趋势下,高度发展中国家的能源消费高峰值和能源碳排放高峰值均出现在2029年。     

江苏省碳排放清单测算及减排潜力分析

基于省域层面,构建了碳排放清单的核算框架和计算方法.以江苏省为例,对2000-2010年的碳排放清单进行了全面测算,并对江苏省碳减排潜力进行了情景分析.江苏省碳排放总量从2000年的8 005.29万t上升到2010年的20 888.88万t,涨幅为160％,其中工业能源消费碳排放占86％;江苏省单位GDP碳排放强度呈波动下降趋势,从2000年的0.94t/万元下降到2010年的0.71t/万元,降幅达24％;人均碳排放则呈逐年增长态势,从1.09t/a增长到2.69t/a;在低碳情景下,江苏省2015年和2020年碳减排量分别为4 930.75万t和16 101.13万t,碳减排比例分别达15％和29％;在江苏省“十二五”低碳经济规划中,应重点加强工业能源与交通能源消耗、垃圾焚烧与填埋等部门的碳减排力度,切实降低区域碳排放强度,为低碳经济发展提供技术支撑和示范效应.     

基于能源约束的江苏省工业结构优化及空间重组

建设资源节约型产业体系是产业转型的前沿领域。利用构建的工业能源熵与区域能源熵概念模型,将江苏工业划分为优先发展、适度发展与限制发展3类行业,并分析了2000-2012年江苏省工业结构变化及布局特征。结果表明:研究期内江苏省优先发展行业工业能源熵和区域能源熵呈增大态势,显示出由以劳动密集型行业为主向以技术密集型行业为主的工业体系演变趋势;适度发展行业始终以资本密集型行业作为主导,而限制发展行业中资源资本密集型行业占主导地位,但所占比重呈下降之势;在空间布局上,优先发展行业分布呈现由南而北递减趋势,适度发展行业呈核心边缘型分布格局,限制发展行业呈点状分布。据此,将全省划分为鼓励集聚区域、适宜集聚区域、适度集聚区域,并提出了促进工业结构转型和空间布局优化的调控措施。     

基于能源消费的江苏省土地利用碳排放与碳足迹

采用2003~2007年江苏省能源消费和土地利用等数据,通过构建能源消费的碳排放模型,对江苏省5年来能源消费碳排放进行了核算,并通过土地利用类型和碳排放项目的对应,对不同土地利用方式的碳排放及碳足迹进行了定量分析。结论如下:(1)江苏省能源消费碳排放总量从2003年的8794.24万t上升到2007年的16329.85万t,涨幅达86%。其中,终端能源消费碳排放占53.6%。(2)江苏全省土地单位面积碳排放从2003年8.24t/hm²上升到2007年15.53 t/hm²,增幅为88.5%。其中,居民点及工矿用地单位面积碳排放最大,为95.62 t/hm²。(3)江苏全省能源消费碳足迹大于生产性土地的实际面积,由此造成的生态赤字达1351.285万hm²。(4)不同土地利用类型的碳足迹大小顺序为:居民点及工矿用地＞交通用地＞未利用地及特殊用地＞农用地和水利用地,其中居民点及工矿用地的碳足迹高达10.89 hm²/ hm²。(5)江苏全省单位面积碳足迹也呈明显的扩大趋势,从2003年的0.938 hm²/ hm²上升到2007年的1.769 hm²/ hm²。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,