冲绳海槽南部玄武岩中的流体包裹体成分及其意义

用激光拉曼探针分析了冲绳海槽南部橄榄拉斑玄武岩中的流体包裹体成分。结果表明，流体包裹体的主要成分为CO2，此外，还有H2O、H2S、CH4、N2、C2H2、C2H4、C3H8组分。不同宿主矿物，其包裹体成分中CO2、H2O和CH4的相对含量也不同，其中，钙长石中包裹体的CO2含量最高，贵橄榄石中的次之，普通辉石中的最少。CH4和H2O的含量趋势与CO2相反。根据这3种宿主矿物中流体成分及其含量变化特点，推断这3种宿主矿物的结晶顺序为钙长石、贵橄榄石、普通辉石，并认为流体包裹体中的烃类和水可能主要来自熔体上升过程中所接触的沉积地层。     

南极中山站外普里兹湾底泥的矿物组成及其硅藻类

作者对南极中山站外普里兹湾捞取的锚底样品(76°26′E,69°22′S)进行了矿物谱学和硅藻类研究。 1 矿物组成特点 样品全样X 荧光定量分析表明,其SiO_2=69.12％,TiO_2=0.05％,Al_2O_3=6.02％,FeO(全铁)=3.33％,MnO=0.02％,MgO=1.83％,CaO=6.60％,Na_2O=1.99％,K_2O=1.12％,S=1.25％。 利用红外光谱仪对底泥样品进行定性分析表明,胶体SiO_2(蛋白石类)超过70％,碳酸盐及长英质矿物30％左右。     

西太平洋暖池区热带波动的天气效应

为了探讨西太平洋暧地区热带波动的天气效应，利用1980年2－9月140°E日本静止卫星纬度时间剖面卫星云图，分析了5d和14d左右周期热带波动云的演变特征，井综合分析了14d周期的云系演变型式与流场的关系，为预报热带中期天气变化规律提供了依据；热带波动中30－60d大气低频振荡的云量变化最显著，北半球夏半年热带波动的天气压主要在10°N－0°，各半年在10°N－10°S，超过这个区域热带云量的港分布型式就有明显的变化。     

网格状化合物模型II建立中的改进：H2O—CO2—CH4—N2—C2H6流体系统

以一切可利用的实验数据为基础的H20－CO2－CH4－N2－C2H6流体系统的网格状化合物稳定条件已建成为模型,对于包含在网格状化合物模型中的一些参数,如逸度气体在水中的溶解热度及热动力常数,可根据对它们最准确的计算结果估计纯净的CO2、CH4、N2、C2H6等气体水合物最适合的Kihara参数,对于CO2－CH4,CH4－C2H6等混合型气体水合物,引入过量吉布斯自由能函数并得到一个与实验数据非常吻合的结果,过量吉布斯自由能被描述为一个修正过的Margules方程,它取决于克分子量和温度。     

用化学平衡常数判断台湾岛东北部龟山岛附近海域海底热液活动形成自然硫的化学反应

由龟山岛热液气体推断几个可能化学反应方程式的存在,根据相关的假设条件,尽量接近于真实的龟山岛热液环境情况,通过计算、比较这些可能存在的化学反应在标况和龟山岛热液条件下的平衡常数,得出龟山岛热液活动区自然硫的形成可能反应式2H2S(g) O2(g)=2S(s) 2H2O(l)和CH4(g) SO2(g)=3S(s) 2H2O(l) CO2(g)起到了较大的作用。这与龟山岛热液活动所具有的水深浅,周围氧气含量高的事实以及采集的热液气体中含有大量CO2气体等情况十分一致。     

二(甲基环戊二烯)钐氯化物合成和晶体结构研究

作者以 Sm Cl3 与 (CH3 Cp) Na反应分离得到了三价稀土有机配合物 [(CH3 Cp) 2 Sm Cl·THF]2 的单晶 ,X-射线四圆衍射测定 ,该配合物属正交晶系 ,Pbna空间群 ,晶胞参数 a=9.6 6 2 (2 ) ,b=16 .4 76 (9) ,c=2 0 .582 (9) ;α=β=γ=90°,Z=4。并分析比较 [(CH3 Cp) 2 Sm Cl· THF]2 与其他三价稀土一氯化物的结构特点     

海水的氧化还原电位

天然海水中含有O、C、N、S、Mn、Fe、Cr、I和H等元素的不同价态的单质,离子和化合物。这些变价元素在海洋中都可能存有与其几种不同价态相应的氧化还原反应。     

南海地区海—气热交换的年变化和年际变化

本文利用ＥＯＦ方法，对南海地区（０°－２０°Ｎ，１０４°－１３６°Ｅ）感热通量和潜热通量的时空变化进行了分析。结果表明：年变化中前三个特征向量具有明显的物理意义，模态一表征了南海地区感热和潜热通量的气候变化特征；模态二反映了南海地区感热和潜热通量变化与南海ＩＴＣＺ变化的联系；模态三反映了南海地区感热和潜热通量西北－东南向的半年周期振荡。在热通量的年际变化中，夏季（６－８月）的第一特征向量含有较强的     

烃类聚集与板块转换边界的关系

海底热液中的主要挥发性成分之一是氢和甲烷,它们是由于洋壳构造遭受连续性破坏地区上的地幔岩石蛇纹石化而形成的。一般来说,上地幔岩石中橄榄石的蛇纹石化可用下列公式来表示:q[Mg2SiO4]×3[Fe2SiO4] 14H2O=6Mg3[Si2O5](OH)4 2[Fe2O3×FeO] 4H 通过实验表明,蛇纹石化过程是在     

埃尔—尼诺年西北太平洋的台风活动

文中统计分析了１９４９－１９９１年西北太平洋近赤道地区（０°－１０°Ｎ，１２５°－１８０°Ｅ）和热带地区（１０°－２５°Ｎ，１２５°－１８０°Ｅ）的台风日数。发现埃尔－尼诺年上述两地区的台风日数明显偏多。因此，冬，春各季该地区的台风日数，可作为该年是否可能发生埃尔－尼诺的一个预报指标。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.