中扬子台地北缘上震旦统碳酸夺中锶的分布特征及环境意义

中扬子台地北缘上震旦统碳酸盐岩沉积发育,可分为浅水台地和深水台盆两个相区和七种不同的相带。地球化学分析表明,该区碳酸盐岩中Ｓｒ和Ｓｒ／Ｃａ＊１０００的比值与沉积环境密切相关,由浅滩相向深水斜坡－盆地相明显增加。研究原因,一方面因不同沉积环境中碳酸起因放物组分不同,影响锶的分布;另一方面与沉积环境所决定的成岩环境有关。因此,利用微量元素锶的 Ｓｒ／ｃＡ＊１０００比值可以判别沉积相 。     

上扬子台地北缘上奥陶统碳酸盐岩微相及古环境意义

晚奥陶世桑比期晚期—凯迪期早期作为奥陶纪末生物大绝灭前的关键时期,其中蕴藏了一些与大灭绝有关的古海洋古环境信息。本研究通过对四川省南江县桥亭乡上奥陶统(桑比阶—凯迪阶)西乡组至宝塔组进行野外实测、取样、室内磨片,以及碳酸盐岩微相分析,共识别出8种微相：紫红色薄层状白云岩、灰色层状白云岩、灰黑色层状白云岩夹黑色页岩、无生物扰动层状白云岩、钙质石英砂岩、似球粒黏结灰岩、生物碎屑泥粒灰岩和生物碎屑粒泥灰岩。根据各微相特征并结合野外宏观特征综合分析,将南江桥亭剖面的沉积相划分为陆表海潮坪相组合、混积台地相组合及碳酸盐缓坡台地相组合。经研究表明,西乡组大部都为近岸浅水的潮坪相沉积,在顶部开始出现海侵趋势,随后在宝塔组快速转变为碳酸盐岩缓坡沉积,海平面明显上升与凯迪早期的全球性海侵相对应,并且全球性GICE事件可能与此次海侵有关。     

大连上震旦统地震灾变事件研究

笔者在大连工作区的上震旦统南关岭组、甘井子组和营城子组碳酸盐岩地层中,识别出以震动液化脉、震动液化角砾岩、碳酸盐岩注积岩等震积岩为代表的古地震灾变事件层（工作区缺失上震旦统顶部的兴民村组震积岩）,这在工作区属首次发现,这一发现进一步提高了辽南震旦系的研究程度,证明了辽南地区晚震旦世存在4个地震活跃期,从而为区域地层对比提供了新的实际材料,新发现的甘井子组白云岩中的地震灾变事件层表现为白云石质的震动液化脉及液化卷曲变形,是对辽南震旦系研究程度的提高和丰富。     

贵州瓮安地区上震旦统碳同位素特征

贵州瓮安磷矿上震旦统碳同位素组成显示，δ１３Ｃ值在垂向地层序列中的变化有明显的规律性。陡山沱组底部白云岩δ１３Ｃ为负值，向上碳同位素值发生显著正飘移，然后，除在陡山沱组中部δ１３Ｃ值有所下降外，δ１３Ｃ值基本上保持在＋２‰左右，一直持续到灯影组。瓮安地区上震旦统碳同位素剖面表现出与湖北峡东及世界其它地区同期碳同位素剖面极大的相似性，显示它们反映了末元古代海水碳同位素值的长期变化趋势。     

扬子板块东南大陆边缘上震旦统热水成因硅质岩的地球化学标志

晚震旦世时,在扬子板块东南大陆边缘地带发育一套层状硅质岩建造,岩石化学成分纯净,ＳｉＯ２含量在９０％以上,其它化学成分含量均很低。但Ｆｅ和Ｍｎ相对富集,而Ａｌ,Ｔｉ,Ｍｇ相对贫乏。微量元素含量变化大,大部分微量元素含量相对地壳克拉克值偏低,仅Ｕ,Ａｓ,Ｓｂ,Ａｇ,Ｂａ等富集。岩石的δ＾３０Ｓｉ为０．０‰～０．７‰,δ＾１８Ｏ为２０．２‰～２３．６‰,δ＾３０Ｓｉ和δ＾１８Ｏ值及岩石的形成温度清楚地     

湘南泥盆系碳酸盐岩中锶的分布特点及其环境意义

湘南泥盆系碳酸盐沉积环境,可分为台地和台盆两大类和六种相类型.250块岩样的分析结果表明,Sr和Sr/Ca×1000的含量比值变化与沉积环境密切相关,即由浅水台地相到深水台盆相,其比值从0.27增至2.37.其原因是由于不同沉积环境中碳酸盐矿物组份不同.影响了锶的分布.因此锶的含量可作为相分析的工具.     

上扬子地台区晚古生代海相碳酸盐岩的碳,锶同位素研究

未经蚀变的海相碳酸盐岩的碳，锶同位素组成代表了原始海水的同位素组成，在确定样品末经显著蚀变的基础上，本文测定了上扬子地区晚古生代７条剖面２３８个海相碳酸盐岩样品的碳、锶同位素组成，分布了它们的测试结果和演化曲线，为其他相关研究提供了可利用的基础参照数据。     

塔里木盆地西北缘上震旦统白云岩储层特征

以塔里木盆地西北缘震旦系露头为主要研究对象,通过地质观察、镜下鉴定与孔渗分析等研究手段,较为系统地研究了上震旦统白云岩储层的类型及其发育特征。储层主要发育四种成因类型:古岩溶型、微生物型、结晶型和热液改造型。古岩溶储层广泛发育于上震旦统的顶部,溶蚀孔洞极其发育,但区域分布差异较大,受控于古构造隆起而呈带状分布;微生物白云岩储层主要发育于上震旦统的中上部,以发育与微生物结构相关的多种溶蚀孔隙为主,以低孔特低渗为特征,但横向上分布稳定,规模大,相控作用明显,为深层具有一定规模的致密储层;结晶白云岩储层以晶间孔、溶蚀孔为主,其孔隙度与渗透率具有正相关性,为低孔低渗储层,且分布局限,呈楔状或透镜状分布;热液改造型储层以与热液溶蚀作用有关的溶蚀孔洞或残余晶间孔为主,主要发育于肖尔布拉克地区,分布较为局限,多与深部大断裂有关。     

黔南坳陷上震旦统灯影组地球化学特征及沉积环境意义

黔南坳陷上震旦统灯影组发育局限-开阔台地相白云岩。在麻江羊跳寨剖面灯影组碳酸盐岩样品测试分析基础上,利用常量元素和微量元素相关性、组分含量及特征元素比值特征,探讨了研究区元素地球化学特征与古沉积环境意义。结果表明:(1)CaO和MgO成明显正相关,SiO2与CaO、MgO呈负相关;Sr与MgO呈明显负相关,与Al2O3、K2O、Na2O、TiO2,P2O5,TFe存在正相关性;V,Al2O3,K2O,TiO2,TFe,P2O5之间呈正相关;Mn与TFe存在弱正相关性。(2)Sr含量和1 000×(Sr/Ca)值随沉积水体的加深而增大,可作为判断古水深和层序界面的标志。(3)根据Sr/Ba、镁铝比值(m=100×(MgO/Al2O3))、MgO/CaO及V/(V+Ni)比值特征分析了灯影组沉积期的古盐度、古气候和古氧化还原环境。灯影组总体上形成于炎热干燥气候下的陆表海还原沉积环境,有陆源碎屑物质供应。其中灯影组二段沉积末古水深达到最大,灯影组五段古盐度最高。灯影组元素地球化学特征反映的沉积环境与岩性特征所得出的结论基本一致,表明元素地球化学特征与沉积环境关系密切,可作为沉积相分析的重要标志。     

扬子克拉通北缘碎屑沉积岩地球化学特征及意义

通过系统研究扬子克拉通北缘西乡-碑坝小区后太古代变质沉积岩的主量元素、微量元素和Nd同位素组成, 得出如下结论: (1) 扬子北缘中、晚元古代三花石组杂砂岩的ε_Nd(t), 分别为+2.72和+0.69, T_DM分别为1.40Ga和1.57Ga, 与扬子北缘同时期西乡群火山岩具有相近的Nd同位素组成, 扬子克拉通北缘新元古代存在的岛弧物质控制着该区中、晚元古代沉积物源的地球化学组成, 后河群碎屑物质对火地垭群沉积岩有一定的影响; (2) 扬子克拉通北缘古生代沉积物源区以再旋回沉积物源为主, 并随时间变化对再旋回沉积物源的接受逐渐加强, 沉积源区的长英质物质逐渐增多, 分异程度越来越高; 西乡-碑坝小区从寒武纪-志留纪沉积物源很可能是扬子克拉通基底崆岭群和基性火山岩等风化剥蚀后混合的产物, 本区从晚泥盆世开始, 其沉积物源区与秦岭群片麻岩的风化剥蚀有明显的关系; (3) 扬子北缘西乡-碑坝小区从晚二叠世到早侏罗世碎屑沉积岩的ε_Nd(t) 比早古生代碎屑沉积岩的明显偏大, 结合微量元素数据分析, 这与晚二叠世峨眉山玄武岩的多次喷发(火山灰) 和风化剥蚀作用有关.      

Sedimentary and Geochemical Characteristics of Sinian Cap Carbonates in the Upper Yangtze Region

A global-scale glaciation occurred at about 600 Ma ago. As a result, the Earth became the “Snowball Earth“. The glaciation came to the end abruptly when atmospheric carbon dioxide increased to such an extent as to be about 350 times the modem level because of subaerial volcanic degassing. The rapid termination of glaciation would have led to warming of the Snowball Earth and extreme greenhouse conditions would have been created. The transfer of atmospheric carbon dioxide to oceans would give rise to the rapid precipitation of calcium carbonate in warm surface seawaters, thus forming the cap carbonate rocks as observed worldwide today. Regionally persisting, thin layers of carbonate rocks directly and ubiquitously overlie Proterozoic glacial deposits almost on every continent, and are commonly referred to as cap carbonates. Their unusual litho- fabrics, stratigraphically abrupt basal and upper-level contacts and strongly negative carbonate isotopic signatures ( δ ^13Cearb. values range from -7.0‰ —0‰) suggest a chemical oceanographic origin, the details of which remain unknown. It is proposed that these enigmatic deposits are related to the destabilization of gaseous hydrate in terrestrial permafrost following rapid postglacial warming and flooding of widely exposed continental shelves and internal basins. The authors carried out studies on the geochemistry, sedimentology and palacontology of the Sinian cap carbonates in Guizhou and Hunan provinces, including the occurrence of cap carbonates of unusual fabrics, strongly negative carbon isotopic signatures, and a lot of bitumen nodules.From the results it is suggested that the cap carbonates were formed from solid methane seepage, and it is in agreement with Kennedy‘‘ s viewpoint (2001) that the cap carbonates resulted from the rapid precipitation of calcium carbonate in response to solid methane seepage.     

Sequence Stratigraphy of Upper Proterozoic Glacigenous Rocks in Southeastern Margin of Yangtze Platform

INTRODUCTIONTheUpperProterozoicglacigrnousrocksarewidelydistributedinthesoutheasternmarginoftheYangtzeplatformandaflpreservedinHunan,Hubei,GulhouandGuanghProvince.PreviousbarkontheSestudhasbeendonebyLuetal.(1985)andLiuetal.(1991).TheysUggeStedthatthesegladgenousrockscanbeusedasbarkersforhighresolutionstratigl'aphiccoagulationfromcontinenttocontinent,andadoptedtheconceptofPrecambrianglobaliceagepearland,1900.ReCentresea~showthattheSestudhaveah~useaschronostratigraphicmarkers.InrejeC…     

上扬子区震旦纪南沱冰期后碳酸盐岩帽沉积地球化学特征

通过对贵州铜仁和湖南大庸两地南沱冰碛岩层之上白云岩层的岩石、结构和构造、地球化学等综合研究，认为该白云岩层具有快速沉积所形成的沉积结构和构造，碳同位素特征可与全球同期沉积的碳酸盐岩帽（Cap Carbonate)进行对比；特别是在白云岩中发现有机碳同位素低的沥青结核体，支持了冰期后碳酸盐岩快速沉积是由于海底固态CH4发生脱气作用，导致碳酸盐岩帽快速沉积的观点。     

大地构造对上扬子区志留纪生物礁分布及发育的控制

根据上扬子板块的基底特征，及板块边缘特征等不同大地构造单元演化特征入手，分别对上扬子板块基底地貌、板块边缘构造及板内不同构造单元控制志留纪古沉积环境及生物礁发育演化进行了论述。在上扬子板块的北缘（南秦岭构造带），为被动大陆边缘，沉积环境适于生物礁发育，类型较多。而板块西缘（金沙江构造带）为主动大陆边缘，在岛弧区发育部分点礁以及生物层；板块内部受古隆起影响的地区（川西北、川东南、黔北），形成缓坡沉积环境，在浅缓坡区生物礁十分发育，类型众多；但是板内深断裂（龙门山，二郎山-攀西裂谷带）边缘生物礁不甚发育，仅见生物层-小型点礁组合。志留纪时，上扬子板块受全球海平面变化的影响明显，至Ｗｅｎｌｏｃｋ期后，大部分地区因海平面下降而无沉积。但是在板块边缘凹陷区，因区域构造的影响，全球海平面波动对其影响不大，Ｗｅｎｌｏｃｋ期后继续接受沉积且发育生物礁。     

中上扬子地区寒武纪第三世—芙蓉世古地理

中上扬子寒武纪第三世—芙蓉世台地相与滩相分布区是中上扬子地区重要的油气勘探目标区。利用野外露头资料、钻井资料和区域地质资料,识别出潮坪相、台地相、台地边缘相、浅海陆棚相和深水盆地相5种沉积相类型。在此基础上,编制了寒武纪第三世—芙蓉世古地理图,并探讨了储盖层的沉积地质条件。(1)第三世,发育大规模潟湖的局限台地广阔分布,西部为混积潮坪,台内及台缘发育滩相沉积。东南缘未形成完整的台缘带,湘西北一带为混积陆棚环境。东南缘向东,碳酸盐沉积物减少。(2)芙蓉世,随着海退的持续,隆起区扩大,深水盆地范围减小。中上扬子地区形成了镶边碳酸盐台地,浅滩沉积大量发育。(3)第三世—芙蓉世,以大套的厚层至块状的白云岩为主、分布广阔的局限台地与开阔台地,发育鲕粒及砂屑浅滩沉积的台地内部及边缘,均是有利的储集层沉积区。第三世广泛发育的潟湖沉积白云岩夹膏质白云岩、白云质膏岩、膏岩和粉砂岩,厚度较大,是中上扬子地区寒武纪重要的盖层沉积区。     

Carbon and Strontium Isotopes of Late Palaeozoic Marine Carbonates in the Upper Yangtze Platform,Southwest China

238 marine carbonate samples were collected from seven sedimentary sections ofthe entire late Palaeozoic (Permian, Carboniferous and Devonian) in the Upper Yangtze Plat-form, southwest China. Based on the absence of cathodoluminescence and very low Mn (gener-ally<50 ppm) contents of the samples, it is thought that they contain information on the orig-inal sea water geochemistry. The results of isotopic analyses of these samples are presented interms of δ~(13)C and ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios versus geological time. The strontium data, consistent withother similar data based on samples from North America, Europe, Africa and other areas inAsia, support the notion of a global consistency in strontium isotope composition of marinecarbonates. The strontium data exhibit three intervals of relatively low ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios in thelate Middle Devonian to early Late Devonian, Early Carboniferous and Early Permian, corre-sponding to global eustatic high sea level stands. The lowest ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratio recorded in theLate Permian was probably caused by substantial basalt eruptions in the Upper Yangtze Plat-form at the time. Three corresponding periods of relatively high δ~(13)C values at roughly the samethe intervals were caused by a relatively high rate of accumulation of organic carbon duringsea level rises at these times. The deposition of coal was probably responsible for the increaseof sea water δ~(13)C at other times. The δ~(13)C values drop dramatically near theDevonian/Carboniferous, Carboniferous/Permian and Permian/Triassic boundaries, con-sistent with other similar data, which further support the notion that geological time boundariesare associated with mass extinction and subsequent rejuvenation.     

上扬子区震旦系层序地层格架及其形成的古地理背景

上扬子区的震旦系包括陡山沱组和灯影组,前者包含较多的黑色页岩,而后者则以发育大套白云岩为特征。从岩相序列到米级旋回,从沉积相序列到三级层序,可将浅水台地背景的震旦系划分为5个三级层序。这些三级层序可以进一步归为一个二级层序。以各个主要剖面的层序划分为基础,依据地层记录中的两种相变面和两种穿时性,可以建立研究区震旦系的层序地层格架。其中包含较多的深水黑色页岩系的陡山沱组,反映了大冰期之后的海侵作用的特点;与寒武系的变化特征不同,自北西而南东沉积环境由浅变深,该沉积背景中沉积了原生沉积组构保存较为完好的灯影组白云岩,这种变化可能反映了前寒武纪末期特殊的白云石化作用特征,同时也代表了许多有待于进一步研究的沉积学问题。从陡山沱组黑色页岩系到灯影组白云岩,不但构成了一个更大级别的总体向上变浅的沉积相序列,还反映了一个与三级和二级海平面变化过程相响应的缓坡型碳酸盐台地的生长发育过程,该过程较为清楚地显示在系列层序地层格架栅状图和岩相古地理图之中。     

Geochemical Indication of Sinian Bedded Siliceous Rocks in the Hunan-Guizhou-Guangxi Area and Their Environmental Significance

In the Hunan-Guizhou-Guangxi area there have developed very thick bedded siliceous rocks of the late Sinian. The rocks have a fairly pure composition, with an average content of siliceous minerals exceeding 95%. They are relatively rich in Fe and Mn, and poor in Al, Ti and Mg. The Fe/Ti, (Fe+Mn)/Ti, Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) and U/Th ratios and the Al-Fe-Mn and Fe-Mn-(Ni+Co+Cu)×10 triangle diagrams all show that they are hydrothermal sedimentary siliceous rocks. In the rocks the total amount of REEs is low, the δCe shows an obvious negative anomaly and the 8Eu a weak anomaly, and LREE>HREE, all indicating that they are products of hydrothermal processes. The δ30Si and δ18O values, as well as the formation temperature of the rocks all clearly show that the silica forming the rocks comes from hot water. Besides, analyses of the depositional environment of the rocks using the MnO/TiO2 ratio and the δCe and δ30Si values yield the same conclusion that they are formed in environments from continental marginal slope