火焰原子吸收光谱法测定红土镍矿中的铅

样品用盐酸-硝酸溶解,氢氟酸挥发硅,高氯酸冒烟除去氢氟酸,然后以稀硝酸溶解可溶性盐类,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定红土镍矿中铅的含量。考察了不同的酸对样品的溶解效果,对介质酸度和共存元素干扰情况进行了实验。结果表明:盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸可以将样品消解完全;5%以内的硝酸不影响铅的测定;100 mL体积内,100 mg铁、6 mg镍、1 mg铜、5 mg钙、2 mg锰、1 mg铬、1 mg钴、1 mg锌等共存元素对0.1 mg铅的测定不产生干扰。在选定的仪器工作参数下,Pb的检出限为0.044μg/mL,加标回收率为97%～106%,测定值与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法结果一致。方法重复性好、准确度高,可满足准确测定红土镍矿中铅含量的分析要求。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定含重晶石的银铅矿中的铅

测定银铅矿中的铅,常规分解方法是采用酸溶法（王水和四酸）处理样品。当银铅矿中重晶石含量为40%~80%时,酸溶法不能完全分解样品,造成铅的测定结果偏低;且样品中大量硫酸钡的存在易与铅生成铅钡复盐沉淀而影响铅的准确测定。本文采用过氧化钠碱熔法分解样品,在试液中加入氯化钡,应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定重晶石含量高的银铅矿中铅的含量,通过优化取样量与稀释倍数等参数,配合高盐雾化器的使用有效避免了基体干扰。方法检出限为0.013%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.1%~1.6%,回收率为97.9%~102.9%,标准样品的测定结果可靠。本法采用过氧化钠碱熔,可完全彻底地分解样品;氯化钡的加入使重晶石含量高的银铅矿样品中硫酸钡对铅的干扰被消除,而对不含重晶石的铅矿样品中铅的测定无影响。本法解决了银铅矿与高含量重晶石共生时样品难分解的问题,同时解决了硫酸钡干扰测定铅的问题。     

焙烧分离-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铜铅锌矿石中的硒

样品经艾斯卡试剂(碳酸钠和氧化锌)半熔法分解,沸水提取,使硒与主量金属元素铜、铅、锌及其他过渡金属和贵金属元素得到分离;滞留在溶液中的干扰元素,通过在酸性介质中加铁盐来掩蔽。采用焙烧分离-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铜矿石、铅矿石和锌矿石中的硒,干扰少、灵敏度高。确定了最佳条件为盐酸浓度30%,硼氢化钾浓度20 g/L,铁盐浓度1 mg/mL;干扰元素的允许量铜为40 mg/L,铅为8 mg/L,锌为400 mg/L。同时对铜、铅、锌主量金属元素进行分离效率试验,效果好。方法检出限为0.0203μg/g,测定范围为0.15～100μg/g。经全国不同地区7家实验室采用铜矿石、铅矿石和锌矿石国家标准物质验证,精密度的重复性限和再现性良好,准确度高。建立的方法也适合于土壤及多金属矿物中硒的测定。     

微波消解-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定茶园土壤中的铅

样品用王水微波消解浸提,氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定茶园土壤中痕量铅的含量。对样品浸取方法、实验条件、增感剂和共存元素进行了条件实验。结果表明,王水微波消解浸取,铅浸出量最大,减少了试剂用量和环境污染;铁氰化钾-盐酸羟胺体系有显著的增感作用,铁氰化钾在配制溶液时用米糠除去试剂中可能存在的铅,降低了空白;钴、锌、砷、镉等共存离子不干扰铅的测定,通过加入邻菲啰啉-硫氰酸钠消除铁和铜的干扰,提高了铅的回收率。方法检出限为0.65 μg/L,精密度(RSD,n=10)为1.89%,回收率在86.8%~110.4%之间。用土壤标准物质验证,测定值与标准值相符,方法快速准确,适合于大批量样品的分析检测。     

熔融制样X射线荧光光谱法测定铜矿石中16种主次量元素

铜矿石类型繁多,矿石赋存状态各异,成分复杂。在现有的铜矿石熔融制样X射线荧光光谱（XRF）分析方法中,选取标准物质个数和矿石类型少、分析范围宽,与实际样品类型相差太大,且制备的熔融片质量不高。本文选用铜含量既有良好浓度变化范围,又符合铜矿石常见含量的包括铜金银铅锌钼铜镍等各类矿石的24个标准物质,以四硼酸锂-偏硼酸锂-氟化锂为混合熔剂,熔剂与样品质量比为30：1,以溴化锂为脱模剂,改进样品预处理方式,将通常采用样品预氧化后或熔融中加入脱模剂的方式,改进为加入脱模剂后再用混合熔剂完全覆盖的方法制备了高质量的熔融片,建立了XRF测定铜矿石中铜锌铅硅铝铁钛锰钙钾镁钼铋锑钴镍16种元素的分析方法。分析铜矿石国家标准物质GBW 07164、GBW 07169,各元素的精密度（RSD）为0.1%~5.4%。分析国家标准物质GBW 07163（多金属矿石）、GBW 07170（铜矿石）的测定值与标准值相符;分析实际铜矿石样品,铜锌铅钼铋锑钴镍的测试结果与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法和其他方法的测定值相符。本文方法扩大了基体的适应性,提高了实际应用价值。     

高频燃烧-红外碳硫吸收仪快速测定含铜烧结物料中的高含量硫

应用高频燃烧-红外碳硫吸收法测定含铜烧结物中的高含量硫。对样品称样量、助熔剂的种类、加入顺序、用量等测定条件进行研究。由于样品含硫量的不同,根据矿石标准样品中含硫量的比例关系确定具体的称样量。以纯铁屑和钨粒作助熔剂,高温燃烧分解试样,红外检测可定量测定含铜烧结物样品中含量为1%~23%的硫。方法加标回收率为94%~113%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)小于2%。与经典的硫酸钡重量法对比,相对误差小于4%。建立的方法解决了大宗含铜烧结物中硫快速、准确测定的问题,已应用于实际的日常检验工作。     

偏硼酸锂熔融-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法结合扫描电镜-能谱测定锡矿石中锡钨锌铜铁锰

锡石不溶于盐酸、硝酸及王水,测定其中元素含量时通常采用碱熔融分解样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定。而传统的过氧化钠或其他氧化性熔剂会引入大量的盐类,酸化提取后的溶液需要进一步分离或稀释,这样不仅影响分析的准确度及较低含量元素的测定限,长时间测定还会引起等离子体信号降低,造成仪器损伤。本文将锡矿石经偏硼酸锂熔融,超声波水浴处理,用ICP-OES法同时测定锡、钨、铁、锰、铜、锌元素含量,在标准溶液中匹配等量锂盐,各待测元素之间无明显干扰,操作简单快捷,环境污染小。实验过程中结合扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDX)微区分析技术,观察和分析不同熔剂量下样品熔珠的形貌特征和成分差异,发现随着熔剂与样品比例从小至大,熔珠表面结构呈现由松散、易碎向细粒、致密均匀的规律性变化,当熔剂与样品的比例达到7∶1后,熔珠表面形态无明显变化,当熔剂与样品的比例为8∶1时,熔珠表面能明显检测出硼元素的存在,说明此时的熔剂过量,从而实现了应用SEM-EDX技术来确定ICP-OES法分析中熔剂与样品的最佳配比。本研究还探讨了锡矿石样品的熔融温度和时间、介质酸度,对锡矿石标准物质GBW07281进行分...     

高温硝解EDTA容量法快速测定铅精粉中的铅

试样经NH4HF2助溶,HNO3-KClO3溶解后,在冒SO3白烟时（340℃）,高温硝解残渣。在1mol/L的H2SO4介质中沉淀铅,生成PbSO4沉淀,过滤除去溶解于溶液的干扰元素,用pH=5.5～5.9的HAC-NAC缓冲溶液溶解PbSO4沉淀,以二甲酚橙作指示剂,EDTA容量法测定铅。本方法克服了国标方法测定流程长,多点测定（残渣、滤液、溶液中的铅）,溶解矿样过程繁杂,费时费力等缺点。建立的方法可一次性测定铅量,经用铅精粉国家一级标准物质GBW07167验证,结果与标准值吻合,方法的精密度RSD%（n=11）在0.1%～0.3%之间,方法简便、快速。适合于钡含量低（〈2%）的铅精粉中铅的测定。     

全反射X射线荧光光谱法同时测定复混肥料中钒铬锰铁镍铜锌铅

样品经硝酸微波消解,以镓为内标,采用全反射X射线荧光光谱法(TXRF)同时测定复混肥料中的钒、铬、锰、铁、镍、铜、锌、铅,方法检出限从铅的1.0μg/g到钒的7.0μg/g,精密度(RSD)铬为2.5%,铅为16%,除铅以外,其余元素的RSD均小于10%;方法回收率为80%～120%,Pb的回收率略低主要是由于化肥中As Kα谱线对Pb Lα谱线的干扰导致测定结果偏低。用TXRF和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定不同复混肥料中各元素的含量,经统计检验,两种方法测定结果在95%置信区间内无显著性差异。对于金属元素含量较高的样品,TXRF法测定结果的相对标准偏差小于ICP-AES法。对于不同的复混肥料,在微量、痕量元素检测范围内,TXRF法具有较高的准确度和适用性,仪器使用和维护成本低,方法快速准确。     

EDTA络合滴定法快速测定含钡铅矿石中的铅

对于含钡铅矿石中铅的测定,采用EDTA容量法由于在分析流程中生成硫酸铅钡复盐使铅的分析结果偏低;采用钡铬酸铅容量法可以消除钡的干扰,但分析方法流程繁杂,耗时长。本文对现有的EDTA容量法进行改进,建立了一种快速测定含钡铅矿石样品中铅含量的分析方法。样品在盐酸体系中溶解,用硫酸沉淀分离可溶性钡离子,再用硫酸沉淀铅,所得的硫酸铅沉淀用pH=5.7的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液溶解,EDTA络合滴定法测定铅的含量。分析结果表明,盐酸用量为40 mL,50%硫酸用量为2滴时可以消除钡对铅测定的干扰,样品分解后硫酸铅沉淀20 min即可分离测定。本法的测定值与国家标准方法的测定值基本一致,方法精密度为0.1%~0.8%。方法中沉淀放置时间只有20 min,与国家标准方法和其他方法的沉淀放置时间(4 h或过夜)相比较,缩短了样品处理流程,满足了矿山企业选冶生产现场样品的快速检测要求。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of