山东济南4.1级地震序列重定位及其发震构造分析

利用山东省地震台网和流动台网的观测数据,采用双差定位方法对2020年2月18日山东济南4.1级地震序列进行了重定位,并结合震源机制解对发震构造进行分析。结果表明,重定位后的地震序列呈NW向分布,地震由浅部到深部破裂,破裂方式呈不对称的双侧破裂,震源深度优势范围为3～5 km。震源机制解显示地震序列的P轴方位角近EW向,T轴优势方位近SN向,与区域构造应力场一致。综合重定位后地震展布方向、深部构造形态、震源机制解特征,推测地震活动可能为区域构造应力作用下长清断裂及次级派生断裂活动的结果。     

震源构造发震概率的初步研究

“入”字型构造是一种发震构造几何类型。它亦即是一种重要的震源构造。本文用“入”型为造为例,以它的力学模拟计算数据为基础给出了一个计算震源构造发震概率的粗算方法。 本文取Poisson分布为震源构造处发震概率对有关物理量分布的原型。按我们的数据,一个具体构造的发震概率与震源处应变能密度最大值(e_max),最大破裂值(F_max)和泊松比倒数(1/v)的各自增减有关。为确定一个震源构造的发震概率,可先计算它在不同参数下的典型力学情况,然后以e_max,F_max和1/v作独立变量分别算出单位增量的发震概率。最后,再按公式P(e_max,F_max,v)=Ak(e_max-e°_max)(F_max-F°_amx)(1/v-1/v°)×exp{-(100η_1(e_max一e°_max)+100η_2(F_max-F°_max)+η_3(1/v-1/v°))} 计算该震源处的发震概率,其中e°_max,F_max和v°分别为它们的标准值,A与e_max,F_max和1/v单位增量发震概率有关,而放大系数k则与震源区断层本构律、其它有关物性和震源规模有关。 本文为从力学的数学实验计算数据提供了一个寻求震源处发震概率的初步方法。为此,本文已对本方法做过某些理论上的论证。从实际结果看,我们认为本方法有某种合理性,且结合实际可把它使用于其它几何构造类型。     

濮阳小震集中区地震重定位及发震构造分析

利用濮阳周边数字地震台网近十年的震相观测报告数据及3级以上地震事件的波形记录,基于人工地震宽角反射/折射剖面的速度模型,采用Hypo2000地震定位法对研究区内1级以上287次地震事件进行绝对定位。同时,以Hypo2000绝对定位结果为初始位置,对濮城镇附近约25 km范围内的153个一级以上地震进行双差相对定位,获得更为准确的相对位置关系。定位研究结果表明:重新定位后研究区的小震震丛在震中和震源深度剖面上均呈现出两个分支:主支地震群沿聊—兰断裂分布,由少数地震组成的分支则分布于黄河断裂东侧。结合深地震反射剖面解释结果,推断濮城镇小震震丛的发震构造主要以聊—兰断裂为主,西部少数地震分支的发震断层为黄河断裂带,同时小震活动亦与油田开采注水活动密切相关。     

2021年6月10日云南双柏地震序列发震构造分析

本文基于云南地震台网数据, 对2021年6月10日云南双柏地震序列进行重新定位, 并对序列中4次M_S≥3.5地震的震源机制解和震源区构造应力场进行了反演, 研究了双柏地震序列时空分布特征和发震构造.地震重定位结果显示, 双柏地震序列空间上呈NNE-SSW向优势分布, 发震断层较为陡立, 震源深度集中分布于5~15 km范围内, 震源深度表现为南浅北深的特征.M_S5.1地震后余震序列在时空上呈现出不对称的双侧发展模式, M_S4.6地震前后余震沿SSW向存在往返迁移现象.反演得到的序列震源机制解类型均为走滑型, 都具有与序列优势分布一致的NNE走向、高倾角SEE倾向节面.构造应力场反演表明震源区受到NNW向水平挤压和NEE向水平拉张的构造应力作用.结合重定位结果和序列震源机制分析认为, 双柏地震序列与附近的楚雄—建水断裂等无关, 其发震构造为一条NNE走向、SEE倾向的高倾角左旋走滑断裂, 构造形成受控于川滇菱形块体SSE向整体运动产生的NNW向挤压构造应力作用.

     

2021年5月21日云南漾濞6.4级地震序列重定位及震源机制研究

2021年5月21日 21 时,云南省大理州漾濞县先后发生MS5.6 和MS6.4 地震,两次地震震中位置相距约7 km,均位于滇西地区,该地区地处青藏高原东南缘、南北地震带南段,地质构造复杂.地震序列跟踪结果显示漾濞MS6.4地震类型为前震-主震-余震型,MS5.6 地震为MS6.4地震的前震.本文基于云南地震台网的震相报告,采用双差定位方法对漾濞MS6.4地震早期序列(2021年5月18日至 25日,ML0.0 以上)进行重定位,同时,利用 Cut-And-Paste(CAP)震源机制波形反演方法,获得了序列中截止至 5月25日 31 次MS≥3.0 地震的震源机制解和矩心深度,对该序列的发震构造进行了初步分析.结果显示:(1)重定位后获得的 2159 个地震事件呈 NW-SE向展布,长约 25 km,宽约 5～10 km.MS 6.4主震的震源深度为 8.9 km,序列震源深度主要集中在 4～10 km,深度均值约7.5 km.(2)前震序列具有从中间开始破裂,然后向北西向破裂,继而向东南向破裂的特征,漾濞MS 6.4 主震位于余震区的北西端,最大余震MS 5.2 地震位于余震区的东南端.(3)CAP波形反演获得的 31 次MS≥3.0地震的震源矩心深度在4～11 km范围,深度均值约 6.5 km,与重定位结果接近,仅相差 1.0 km,说明重定位的震源深度分布是合理可靠的.(4)震源机制多为右旋走滑型,部分地震具有较为明显的正断分量,反演的区域应力场与目前已知的构造应力场水平主压应力方向一致,反映区域内构造活动主要受区域构造应力场控制.根据重定位后的序列空间分布、震源机制解及震源区构造特征,综合分析认为,此次漾濞地震序列的发震构造可能是维西—乔后—巍山断裂中段附近的次级断层.     

2019年夏河M5.7地震的余震序列重定位及发震构造

甘肃夏河M5.7地震的震中位于临潭-宕昌断裂与西秦岭北缘断裂之间.文中采用gCAP方法及P波初动方法求解了主震的震源机制解,并利用双差定位方法对夏河地震及其余震序列进行了重定位,分析了地震的发震断层.结果显示:节面Ⅰ的走向、倾角和滑动角分别为185°、56°和127°;节面Ⅱ的走向、倾角和滑动角分别为312°、48°和...     

关于四川绵竹1999年9月、11月两次5级地震发震构造的讨论

根据两次地震的宏观考察结果、地震学有关参数以及最新的有关人工地震勘探资料的综合分析，讨论了两次绵竹5级地震和1994年江油4．7级地震、1993年郫县4．4级地震的发震构造，认为龙门山断裂及山前隐伏断裂均属浅表出露深部错动型（即滑脱型）地震断裂，并对有关强震的发震构造与构造关系进行了初步的研究。     

2022年青海德令哈MS 6.0地震序列重定位及发震背景分析

<正>1研究背景据中国地震台网测定,2022年3月26日青海省海西州德令哈市发生M_S 6.0地震,而该区于同年1月23日和4月15日分别发生M_S 5.8和M_S 5.4地震,3次地震余震区破裂贯通,并构成一个震群型地震序列(下文简称德令哈M_S 6.0地震序列)。     

RELOCATION OF THE 23 NOVEMBER 2017 WULONG MS5.0 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE AND ANALYSIS OF ITS SEISMOGENIC FAULT

The Wulong M_S5.0 earthquake on 23 November 2017, located in the Wolong sap between Wenfu, Furong and Mawu faults, is the biggest instrumentally recorded earthquake in the southeastern Chongqing. It occurred unexpectedly in a weak earthquake background with no knowledge of dramatically active faults. The complete earthquake sequences offered a significant source information example for focal mechanism solution, seismotectonics and seismogenic mechanism, which is helpful for the estimation of potential seismic sources and level of the future seismic risk in the region. In this study, we firstly calculated the focal mechanism solutions of the main shock using CAP waveform inversion method and then relocated the main shock and aftershocks by the method of double-difference algorithm. Secondly, we determined the seismogenic fault responsible for the M_S5.0 Wulong earthquake based on these calculated results. Finally, we explored the seismogenic mechanism of the Wulong earthquake and future potential seismic risk level of the region. The results show the parameters of the focal mechanism solution, which are:strike24°, dip 16°, and rake -108° for the nodal plane Ⅰ, and strike223°, dip 75°, and rake -85° for the nodal plane Ⅱ. The calculations are supported by the results of different agencies and other methods. Additionally, the relocated results show that the Wulong M_S5.0 earthquake sequence is within a rectangular strip with 4.7km in length and 2.4km in width, which is approximately consistent with the scales by empirical relationship of Wells and Coppersmith(1994). Most of the relocated aftershocks are distributed in the southwest of the mainshock. The NW-SE cross sections show that the predominant focal depth is 5~8km. The earthquake sequences suggest the occurrence features of the fault that dips northwest with dip angle of 63° by the least square method, which is largely consistent with nodal planeⅡof the focal mechanism solution. Coincidentally, the field outcrop survey results show that the Wenfu Fault is a normal fault striking southwest and dipping 60°~73° by previous studies. According to the above data, we infer that the Wenfu Fault is the seismogenic structure responsible for Wulong M_S5.0 earthquake. We also propose two preliminary genetic mechanisms of "local stress adjustment" and "fluid activation effect". The "local stress adjustment" model is that several strong earthquakes in Sichuan, such as M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, M7.0 Luzhou earthquake and M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake, have changed the stress regime of the eastern margin of the Sichuan Basin by stress transference. Within the changed stress regime, a minor local stress adjustment has the possibility of making a notable earthquake event. In contract, the "fluid activation effect" model is mainly supported by the three evidences as follows:1)the maximum principle stress axial azimuth is against the regional stress field, which reflects NWW-SEE direction thrusting type; 2)the Wujiang River crosscuts the pre-existing Wenfu normal fault and offers the fluid source; and 3)fractures along the Wenfu Fault formed by karst dissolution offer the important fluid flow channels.     

云南鲁甸M_S6.5地震余震重定位及其发震构造

整合了鲁甸震区周边的云南省地震台网、昭通市地震台网、巧家台阵,以及流动台站2个月的震相观测数据,对鲁甸地震序列进行了重新定位,得到了1 750个地震的震源参数。重定位结果显示,余震有2个优势分布方向,分别为SE向和SW向,具有不对称的共轭分布特征。2个余震条带的展布长度相当,约为16km,夹角约100°。余震分布显示鲁甸地震的发震断层为高倾角的走滑断层。主震位于2个余震条带中间略偏西南的位置,早期余震主要沿NW-SE向垂直于昭通-鲁甸断裂分布,主震西南侧的余震可能为后期触发的。根据余震分布与周边断层的关系、主震震源机制、烈度分布的长轴方位,以及滑坡分布等资料,认为鲁甸地震的发震断层为NW向的包谷垴-小河断裂。包谷垴-小河断裂南北两侧无论是在地震活动、深部速度结构,还是块体运动方向和速率方面都存在显著差异,断裂北侧的高速异常可能是阻止余震向北继续扩展的主要原因。     

张北-尚义地震序列的重新定位和发震构造/

1998年1月10日在北京西北约180 km的河北省张北县和尚义县交界地区发生的ML＝6.2地震是华北地区近年的重要地震事件．历史上这一地区的地震活动水平不高,迄今在地表未发现有明显活动的断裂．张北-尚义地震发生后,不同机构给出的主震定位结果不尽相同,他们所给出的余震分布也没有显示出优势的展布方向．因此,张北-尚义地震的发震构造亟待研究．本文应用相对定位方法,对张北-尚义地震序列的主震和ML3.0余震重新精确定位．得出：张北-尚义地震序列的主震震中位置为41.145N、114.462E,位于宏观震中的北东方向约4 km处,震源深度15 km;余震震源分布在与震源机制解给出的走向为180～200的节面一致的、接近于竖直的平面内及其附近．张北-尚义地震序列的重新精确定位的结果清楚地表明了张北-尚义地震的发震构造是一近南-北向～北北东向的断层．这次地震是在与华北地区构造应力场方向一致的﹑近水平的、北东东向主压应力作用下发生的右旋-逆断层错动．     

SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE M4.9 AND M5.1 LITANG EARTHQUAKES ON 23 SEPTEMBER 2016 IN SOUTHWESTERN CHINA

On 23 September 2016, two earthquakes with magnitude of M4.9 and M5.1 occurred successively near Litang city in Sichuan Province, southwestern China. These two events are located between two large-scale fault zones, i.e., the Jinshajiang and Litang faults, in the northwest of the Sichuan-Yuannan active block, eastern Tibetan plateau. Based on the phase data and waveform data from the Sichuan regional seismic network, the M4.9 and M5.0 mainshocks and 390 aftershocks have been relocated using the multi-step locating method, and the focal mechanism solutions and centroid depths for the two mainshocks were calculated by the CAP waveform inversion method. From the spatial distribution of the relocated aftershocks and fault plane solutions of the two mainshocks, combining with the seismic intensity map and tectonic setting, we suggested that the two earthquakes were generated by the E-W trending northward dipping Hagala fault. The nodal plane consistent with the strike and dip of the Hagala fault is interpreted as the coseismic rupture plane with a dip angle of 44° for both the M4.9 and M5.1 earthquakes. And we inferred that the M4.9 and M5.1 earthquakes may be resulted from the nearly E-W striking Hagala normal faulting in the upper crust between the Litang and Batang regions due to the continuous eastward extrusion of the material of the Qiangtang block in the west.     

FOCAL MECHANISM AND SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE M5.0 YUEXI EARTHQUAKE ON 1 OCT. 2014, SOUTHWESTERN CHINA

The Oct.1,2014 M5.0 Yuexi earthquake occurred on the Daliang Shan fault zone where only several historical moderate earthquakes were recorded.Based on the waveform data from Sichuan regional seismic network,we calculated the focal mechanism solution and centroid depth of the M5.0 Yuexi earthquake by CAP (Cut and Paste) waveform inversion method,and preliminarily analyzed the seismogenic structure.We also calculated the apparent stress values of the M5.0 earthquake and other 14 M_L≥4.0 events along the Shimian-Qiaojia fault segment of the eastern boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan block.The result indicates that the parameters of the focal mechanism solution are with a strike of 256°,dip of 62°,and slip of 167° for the nodal plane Ⅰ,and strike of 352°,dip of 79°,and slip of 29° for the nodal plane Ⅱ.The azimuth of the P axis is 121° with dip angle of 11°,the azimuth of T axis is 217° with dip angle of 28°,and the centroid depth is about 11km,and moment magnitude is M_W5.1.According to the focal mechanism solution and the fault geometry near the epicenter,we infer that the seismogenic fault is a branch fault,i.e.,the Puxiong Fault,along the central segment of the Daliang Shan fault zone.Thus,the nodal plane Ⅱ was interpreted as the coseismic rupture plane.The M5.0 Yuexi earthquake is a strike-slip faulting event with an oblique component.The above findings reveal the M5.0 Yuexi earthquake resulted from the left-lateral strike-slip faulting of the NNW Dalang Shan fault zone under the nearly horizontal principal compressive stress regime in an NWW-SEE direction.The apparent stress value of the Yuexi earthquake is 0.99MPa,higher than those of the M_L ≥ 4.0 earthquakes along the eastern boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan block since 2008 Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake,implying a relatively high stress level on the seismogenic area and greater potential for the moderate and strong earthquake occurrence.It may also reflect the current increasing stress level of the entire area along the eastern boundary,and therefore,posing the risk of strong earthquakes there.     

THE PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE HUTUBI MS6.2 EARTHQUAKE

Based on the phase report of Xinjiang Seismic Network, the Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake sequence M_L ≥ 1.0 was relocated by the HypoDD method. The results show that the aftershocks were distributed along NE and NW direction. The aftershocks were in the depths of 5~15km. In addition, by using the digital waveforms of Xinjiang Seismic Network, the best double-couple focal mechanism of the main shock and some aftershocks of M_S ≥ 3.8 were determined by the CAP method. Based on the above studies, the source depth, focal mechanism and aftershock distribution of the Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake were analyzed and the seismogenic structure was discussed. The nodal plane parameters of the best double-couple focal mechanism are strike 144°, dip 26°, rake 118°, and strike 293°, dip 67°, rake 77°, respectively. The moment magnitude M_W is about 5.9, with centroid depth of 15.2km. These show that the main shock was a thrust type. Most focal mechanism solutions of the aftershocks were shown as a thrust type, which are similar to the main shock. It is speculated that the possible seismogenic fault of this earthquake is the Huorgosi-Manas-Tugulu Fault.     

RELOCATION OF THE HUTUBI MS6.2 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE ON 8 DECEMBER 2016 AND ANALYSIS OF THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE

Based on the digital waveforms of Xinjiang Seismic Network, the Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake sequence (M_L ≥ 1.0) was relocated precisely by HypoDD.The best double-couple focal mechanisms of the main shock and aftershocks of M_L ≥ 4.0 were determined by the CAP method. We analyzed the characteristics of spatial distribution, focal mechanisms and the seismogenic structure of earthquake sequence. The results show that the main shock is located at 43.775 9°N, 86.363 4°E; the depth of the initial rupture and centriod is about 15.388km and 17km. The earthquake sequence extends unilaterally along NWW direction with an extension length of about 15km and a depth ranging 5~15km. The characteristics of the depth profiles show that the seismogenic fault plane dips northward and the faulting is dominated by thrusting. The nodal planes parameters of the best double-couple focal mechanisms are:strike 292°, dip 62° and rake 80° for nodal plane I, and strike 132°, dip 30° and rake 108° for nodal plane Ⅱ, indicating that the main shock is of thrust faulting. The dip of nodal planeⅠis consistent with the dip of the depth profile, which is inferred to be the fault plane of seismogenic fault of this earthquake. According to the comprehensive analysis of the relocation results, the focal mechanism and geological structure in the source region, it is preliminarily inferred that the seismogenic structure of the Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake may be a backthrust on the deeper concealed thrust slope at the south of Qigu anticline. The earthquake is a "folding" earthquake taking place under the stress field of Tianshan expanding towards the Junggar Basin.     

2011年Ms4.6瑞昌-阳新地震的震源机制及发震构造探讨

2011年Ms4.6瑞昌-阳新地震是瑞昌地区继2005年M5.7地震后的又一中等强度地震,文中从多角度对此次地震的发震构造进行了探讨.利用双差定位法进行的地震精定位结果显示,主震发生在NE向断裂的西南端,余震的分布则呈现出沿NNE和NW两个方向展布的特征.野外考察发现,等震线长轴方向为NE,沿此方向烈度衰减较慢.考虑震源时间函数的影响,采用波形反演方法得到了此次地震的震源机制解.节面Ⅰ走向302.2°,倾角68.2°,滑动角-3.8°;节面Ⅱ走向33.6°,倾角86.5°,滑动角-158.1°.综合分析认为,NNE向郯庐断裂的南端隐伏段(瑞昌-武穴断裂)为此次地震的发震构造,而与NW向断裂的共轭作用造成了部分余震沿着NW向分布的特征.     

2014年秭归M_S4.5和M_S4.9地震震源与发震构造特征

2014年3月27日和30日湖北秭归县发生了三峡水库蓄水以来该地区最大的2次地震,文中通过多种方法分析了2次地震的震源与发震构造特征。采用Kiwi方法反演2次地震的矩张量解,该方法中使用了湖北和重庆测震台网14个宽频带波形记录和6层地壳速度结构模型,反演结果显示,2次地震观测谱和波形与理论谱和波形拟合得比较好,非拟合误差数0.57,表明反演结果是可靠的。2次地震均为走滑兼少量逆冲错动,但前一地震为左旋走滑,后一地震为右旋走滑,矩张量解中DC成分偏少而ISO成分多可能是库水对地下介质物性影响的反映。同时也使用三峡台网15个子台记录的波形资料,采用双差定位法重新精定位了从3月27日至4月27日时段内超过500次地震序列事件,结果显示余震序列分布方向为NNW向和NE向,但主要集中在NE向,并分别沿NNW和NE向作了深度剖面,剖面显示震源深度为4.5~10.0km,余震在深部呈现2个较明显的断面,与震源机制解NE向节面产状一致。野外现场宏观烈度调查指出,Ⅴ度极震区等震线为一椭圆,长轴NWW向,短轴NE向,结合野外现场考察结果和震源区地质构造背景,综合推断仙女山断裂北端的NE向破裂面为2次地震的发震断面,余震序列的NE和NNW向分布、剖面上发震层的形态和深度特征表明,这次地震活动受到了仙女山断裂和九畹溪断裂活动的控制与影响。     

鲁甸6.5级地震崩滑地质灾害分布与成因探讨

2014年8月3日的云南鲁甸6.5级地震震源机制解、余震震中分布及震后的地震地质调查表明,发震构造为NW向包谷垴-小河断裂,断层发生左旋错动;震源机制与余震精定位数据表明发震断层倾角较陡。崩塌、滑坡分布在一个长轴为NW向的矩形区域内(15km×12km),基岩崩塌指示地震动主方向自北向南由SE向变为SN向,与震源机制解揭示的主压应力方向NW-SE总体一致。地震诱发的次生地质灾害崩塌、滑坡的平面分布特征可以用2种发震模式来解释:1)总体走向为NW的弧形断层发生左旋走滑错动,由北向南,地震动方向由SE向逐渐转变为近SN向;2)除NW向断层的左旋错动之外,NE向断裂也可能被牵动,发生由NW向SE的逆冲运动。地震是由NE、NW 2组断层共同作用的结果,以NW向断层左旋错动为主、NE向断层逆冲为辅。余震震中主要呈NW向线性展布,同时在震中附近存在NE向分布的地震条带,隐含2组断层同时错动的可能性;而鲁甸6.5级地震震中所在的滇东北永善、昭通地区,区域多个地震的震源机制表明,地震断层多以逆冲运动为主,走滑为辅。