Towards an Integrated Model of Interoperability for Spatial Data Infrastructures

Although there is a vast literature available on interoperability models, and their respective interoperability levels, limited research has been carried out on the development of interoperability models for the implementation of Spatial Data Infrastructures. This article demonstrates the important role of metadata elements in the formalisation of interoperability models for the implementation of Spatial Data Infrastructures. It describes an approach for designing an integrated interoperability model based on the definition of a common template that integrates seven interoperability levels. They are: technical, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, dynamic, conceptual and organisational levels. A non-hierarchical structure is proposed to ensure the relationship among these interoperability levels.     

城市基础地理空间勘测数据共享平台设计

利用原有平台进行城市基础地理空间勘测数据共享时,元数据数量过大,无法对元数据进行管理,请求次数在160次以内数据服务响应时间较长,因此需要设计一种新的城市基础地理空间勘测数据共享平台.该平台共由八个模块构成,包括服务器模块、基础地理空间勘测数据管理模块、基础地理空间勘测数据处理模块、网络服务模块、地图操作模块、元数据管...     

面向持续交付的空间大数据基础设施设计与实现

随着空间大数据技术的快速发展,越来越多与空间大数据云平台相关的项目逐步规划和建立.GIS建设项目已经朝着平台化、虚拟化和智能化的方向转变.新一代GIS平台建设的重要原则之一,就是要把空间大数据作为企业的重要资产.它需要系统地管理、持续地维护、安全地控制以及深入地挖掘.在持续探索数据价值的过程中,对平台基础设施提出了新的技术要求,包括集成多种开源技术、支持快速的迭代开发、支持持续运行的数据分析任务等.本文研究的重点是结合DevOps等先进的面向持续交付的管理理念,利用相关技术提出空间大数据基础设施的设计方案,使其具备持续交付能力.     

遥感大数据服务平台设计与实现

越来越多的国产遥感卫星影像不断投入使用,对新一代遥感数据服务提出新的要求.针对目前遥感数据资源共享不足、专题信息自动提取等问题,急需构建遥感大数据服务平台.本文重点对该平台的框架设计、系统的功能进行了详细阐述,并简单地说明了生态环境因子自动提取技术,为进一步提升遥感数据服务提供了平台.     

长沙市多源异构空间数据集成共享平台的设计与实现

近几年,随着长沙市规划勘测设计研究院业务的扩展,迫切需要开展地理信息资源的整合,改变传统数据共享方式,提高数据共享效率。本文在分析现有各类专业数据的基础上,给出了一个基于SOA构架构建长沙市多源异构空间数据集成共享平台的方案。最后,对"AutoCAD平台下调用地图服务的功能接口实现方法""服务器端创建Dwg格式数据地图服务的方法"等关键技术进行了探讨。     

GIS平台在宁夏电网空间数据采编管理中的应用

完善而准确的电力数据是建立电网地理信息平台的关键,为保证GPS采集的电力数据的精确性,原始数据必须经过进一步的采编处理和检验才能进入地理信息数据库。介绍了地理信息平台技术在宁夏电网空间数据采编与管理中的具体应用方法和工作流程,详细描述了电力空间数据的特点、展示和管理方式以及采编方案,论述了系统涉及的服务式GIS、空间数据库、RIA等主要技术的应用。     

面向综合应用的空间数据管理方法探讨与实践

分析了面向综合应用的空间数据及其应用的特点，提出了数据综合管理的基本要求，从数据管理模式，存储模式，数据组织方式，基础空间数据与专题为数据的动态连接方法等方面总结了相关的技术方法，并介绍了该技术的实践情况。     

Normalized evaluation of the performance,capacity and availability of catalogue services: a pilot study based on INfrastruture for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe

Geographic information has a great potential to be re-used when supported by mechanisms for its discovery. Above all, the quality of a catalogue service is the key feature supporting users in the discovery process. So far, there have been in existence various methodologies dealing with the normalized evaluation of quality with respect to catalogue services. Their biggest weakness seems to be in the depth of quality testing, i.e. some influences are beyond the scope of evaluation of these methodologies with respect to quality in catalogue services. In this study, the quality of 45 catalogue services across Europe was verified with the proposed normalized evaluation methodology originating from documents within the INfrastruture for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe (INSPIRE) framework. This paper discusses the (statistical) influence of factors that may significantly change the results of catalogue service testing. The proposals for improving the existing INSPIRE normalized evaluation procedure are applicable for any spatial data infrastructure and/or Digital Earth component using the Open Geospatial Consortium Catalogue Service for the Web as a basis.     

多维动态GIS空间数据模型与方法的研究

以地理空间实体及其相互间关系的抽象、表达与组织为主线,从三维、时空、尺度等角度出发,进行了多维动态空间数据模型研究。介绍了该项研究在空间铺盖建模、空间关系理论、多维建模、时空与动态建模、多尺度建模等方面取得的成果。     

空间数据集成、检索和访问组件模型

为了解决空间数据集成、检索和访问的问题,从数据提供者和数据使用者2个角度出发,提出了建立具有统一集成、检索和访问接口的空间数据访问组件。该组件针对数据提供者提供统一的集成接口,实现了以ArcSDE为例的空间数据引擎和以REST服务为例的Web Service引擎,建立了针对第三方空间数据引擎和Web Service空间数据源集成方法。该组件内部构建了空间数据处理模块和Web Service数据处理模块,与空间数据集成接口相互协作完成集成并处理空间数据源的任务。同时,针对数据使用者提供了空间数据检索和访问功能,在空间数据检索接口中实现了基于要素的检索方法,能对集成后的空间数据进行快速的查询检索,达到空间数据共享、访问的目的。     

Detection and Risk for Digging Activities around Underground Cables and Pipelines: Implications for Spatial Data Quality

Digging activities are considered the largest cause of damage to underground cables and pipelines. Contractors can reduce the risk through detection, which will cost time and thus money. In the Netherlands, maps are the prime source of information on the location of cables/pipelines and detection time strongly depends on whether maps indicate the presence of cables and pipelines. Poor quality maps can contribute to increased risk or higher risk avoidance costs. The objective of this article is to present a model for calculating the trade‐off between detection costs and risk in case of a hit and for calculating implications of over‐ and incompleteness of maps. The model aims to find the optimal detection time at which the sum of detection cost and risk is at its minimum. A case‐study showed that it is possible to parameterise the model with data collected from contractors through a questionnaire. The case‐study provides a numerical example of calculation of the trade‐off between risk and detection costs and provides an example of calculation of costs of incompleteness. We conclude that the model contributes valuable new insight. However, more and location specific data are needed to enable operational use of the model.     

NeuroTPR: A neuro‐net toponym recognition model for extracting locations from social media messages

Social media messages, such as tweets, are frequently used by people during natural disasters to share real‐time information and to report incidents. Within these messages, geographic locations are often described. Accurate recognition and geolocation of these locations are critical for reaching those in need. This article focuses on the first part of this process, namely recognizing locations from social media messages. While general named entity recognition tools are often used to recognize locations, their performance is limited due to the various language irregularities associated with social media text, such as informal sentence structures, inconsistent letter cases, name abbreviations, and misspellings. We present NeuroTPR, which is a Neuro‐net ToPonym Recognition model designed specifically with these linguistic irregularities in mind. Our approach extends a general bidirectional recurrent neural network model with a number of features designed to address the task of location recognition in social media messages. We also propose an automatic workflow for generating annotated data sets from Wikipedia articles for training toponym recognition models. We demonstrate NeuroTPR by applying it to three test data sets, including a Twitter data set from Hurricane Harvey, and comparing its performance with those of six baseline models.     

GIS空间数据的分析与制图一体化策略

地理信息系统(GIS)是地理学、地图学等在信息化时代发展的新的理论技术体系,其软件系统需要同时具有地理空间分析与地图表达两方面的功能.但是分析与制图对地理空间数据的要求存在一定程度的差异,导致两者间数据无法充分共享.在分析地理空间数据冲突的基础上,初步探讨了在GIS中实现分析与制图功能一体化的数据采集与应用方案,有助于避免数据的重复建设,提高地理空间数据的利用效率.     

GIS空间数据的分析与制图一体化策略

地理信息系统(GIS)是地理学、地图学等在信息化时代发展的新的理论技术体系,其软件系统需要同时具有地理空间分析与地图表达两方面的功能。但是分析与制图对地理空间数据的要求存在一定程度的差异,导致两者间数据无法充分共享。在分析地理空间数据冲突的基础上,初步探讨了在GIS中实现分析与制图功能一体化的数据采集与应用方案,有助于避免数据的重复建设,提高地理空间数据的利用效率。     

一种匹配分类的空间数据多尺度表达与变换模型

空间数据"连续"表达是多尺度表达与变换的理想状态。针对多尺度表达与变换中地理要素的不同几何形态和生命期特点,建立了动静态结合的尺度变换模型。通过空间数据匹配技术,根据生命期不同,将空间数据分为匹配数据和消亡数据。对于匹配数据,通过综合算法生成关键比例尺插值数据,并预先静态存储;对于消亡数据,依据重要程度的顺序统计量,动态"选取、化简"生成插值尺度数据。实验表明该方案可以缓解传统尺度变换的跳跃感问题,变换效率高,可以快速、动态实现连续的尺度变换。     

一种利用主动轮廓模型和矢量数据的遥感影像面状水体提取方法

以矢量数据作为主动轮廓模型的初始位置,提出一种用于提取面状水体的新主动轮廓模型。在传统内部能量和外部能量的基础上加入基于目标-背景灰度的图像引力势能和基于离散曲率的形状约束势能,提高了模型的收敛速度和抗噪性能。充分利用矢量数据的先验信息,自适应地确定模型中的相关参数。同时,建立了基于相似性度量的提取精度评估模型,给出了基于贪婪算法的模型求解过程。最后,实验验证了本文方法的可行性与优越性。     

Big Data Analytics for Earth Sciences: the EarthServer approach

Big Data Analytics is an emerging field since massive storage and computing capabilities have been made available by advanced e-infrastructures. Earth and Environmental sciences are likely to benefit from Big Data Analytics techniques supporting the processing of the large number of Earth Observation datasets currently acquired and generated through observations and simulations. However, Earth Science data and applications present specificities in terms of relevance of the geospatial information, wide heterogeneity of data models and formats, and complexity of processing. Therefore, Big Earth Data Analytics requires specifically tailored techniques and tools. The EarthServer Big Earth Data Analytics engine offers a solution for coverage-type datasets, built around a high performance array database technology, and the adoption and enhancement of standards for service interaction (OGC WCS and WCPS). The EarthServer solution, led by the collection of requirements from scientific communities and international initiatives, provides a holistic approach that ranges from query languages and scalability up to mobile access and visualization. The result is demonstrated and validated through the development of lighthouse applications in the Marine, Geology, Atmospheric, Planetary and Cryospheric science domains.     

基于WebGIS的环境监管云平台设计与建设

针对环保空间信息平台用户的需求,设计实现了基于WebGIS的环保监管云系统平台。该平台的建设以贵州省委、省政府制定的大数据产业战略,面向贵州经济社会跨越式发展的需求,以贵州省"环境监管"云平台为核心内容,综合运用大数据技术、并行云计算技术、WebGIS技术和高效网络传输技术等当前先进的信息化技术手段,整合和迁移各类地理信息资源和环境保护业务资源,建立统一的环境信息资源数据库,统一的地理信息数据应用标准规范,建成依托贵州省基础地理空间数据库,结合贵州省环境数据中心及其他环境业务信息系统,创新构建全国领先的环境保护工作,实现政府监管、企业自律、公众参与的社会管理"贵州模式",为贵州省环境管理工作提供强大且完备的技术支撑。     

区县级多源异构空间数据共享平台研究及应用

针对区县级空间数据凌乱、共享程度低、应用效率不高等现状,充分考虑区县级政府部门对多源异构地理空间数据资源共建共享的需求,基于Web Service和ArcGIS Server技术,构建了包含数据管理、运维管理、共享交换、公共服务等四大子系统为核心的多源异构空间数据共享服务平台框架,并在佛山市顺德区成功应用,实现了区县级多源异构空间数据的集成与共享。