姚安6.5级地震的震害特征

对姚安M6．5地震极震区（Ⅷ度）及姚安，大姚，南华和牟定等县城内的建筑物与结构物的震害做了系统的调查。作为系统研究这一，叙述了多层钢筋混凝土框架，多层砌体，底层框架，砖木结构，土木结构各类房层，单层厂房及砖砌塔的地震破坏现象，分析了建筑物的地震震害特征及对建筑物震害加剧的主要影响，讨论了地震区域城镇建设中防震减灾应重视的问题，以及经验和教训。这对今后多震区的城市规划，建筑物设计具有一定的参考价值。     

汶川大地震四川省青川县砖混结构村镇房屋震害分析

2008年汶川 8.0级大地震造成了大量的房屋破坏,尤其村镇房屋的破坏最为严重.本文基于对四川省青川县部分乡镇村镇房屋震害的实地调查,对砖混结构房屋的震害从地形、地基基础和结构三方面进行了震害总结,分析了典型震害的成因,指出了目前村镇房屋建设存在的问题,最后对提高村镇民房的地震安全提出了一些建议.     

基于新视角的震害分析——以四川长宁6.0级地震为例

四川长宁6.0级地震发生后，作者第一时间前往地震现场，获得第一手震害资料。基于“散、脆、偏、单”评估法，对当地建筑物震害特点和成灾机理进行深入剖析，并提出整治措施。实际震害显示，当前我国城乡建筑亟待解决的问题是“散”和“脆”；学校建筑和底商结构在此次地震中仍表现出诸多抗震不利问题，集中体现在因填充墙布置不合理导致的“偏”；高层建筑主体结构虽在地震后保存完好，但填充墙破坏较重，修缮费用较高。震害调查结果警醒行业人员需围绕实际震害特点精准发力，优化结构概念设计，全面提升抗震能力，推动韧性城乡建设。     

Incremental dynamic analysis of woodframe buildings

The collapse of wood buildings was one of the main contributors to the heavy death toll and economic losses during the 1995 Hyogo‐ken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake in Japan. In California, half of the property loss from the 1994 Northridge earthquake was attributed to wood construction. Based on damage observed in recent earthquakes, the seismic vulnerability of existing wood buildings under maximum credible seismic events is uncertain. The main objective of this study is to quantify the seismic collapse fragilities and collapse mechanisms of a two‐story townhouse and three‐story woodframe apartment building through numerical analyses. Three construction quality variants (poor, typical and superior) were considered for each building in order to assess the effects of construction qualities on seismic collapse fragilities. The buildings were also re‐designed according to the 2006 edition of the International Building Code to quantify the seismic fragilities of modern woodframe construction. The results obtained suggest that the construction quality, excitation direction and wall finish materials can influence significantly the collapse fragilities of woodframe buildings. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大同—阳高地震中农村建筑物破坏特征分析

在大同—阳高地震现场考察的基础上，对地震区几种主要农村建筑物进行了分类，总结了各类建筑物的构造形式，并对各类建筑物在大同—阳高地震中的破坏特征进行了分析，进而提出各类建筑物存在的问题和在今后所需采取的措施。     

2007年宁洱6.4级地震宁洱县城现代建筑典型震害分析

2007年6月3日云南宁洱发生6.4级地震。对宁洱县城区的砖混结构、框架结构、底层框架结构及空旷房屋等共15幢建筑的典型震害进行了分析。结果表明,造成建筑物破坏较重的主要原因有:①地基不均匀沉陷;②设计不合理;③设防烈度低;④施工质量差,砂浆标号低;⑤沉降缝不规范;⑥震害累积效应;⑦孤立山包及边坡陡坎影响等诸多因素。     

竖向变刚度约束砌体结构抗震能力研究

汶川8.0级特大地震发生时,前山断裂从彭州市白鹿中学两栋教学楼中间穿过,断层距离两栋教学楼仅数米,造成前楼严重破坏,破坏现象非常典型。该结构为外廊式单跨约束砌体结构教学楼,抗震设防烈度为7度,承重墙体的构造特点有别于当地的普通砌体结构,本文采用现场测试、震害考察和弹塑性地震反应计算分析等手段对该结构的抗震性能进行了详细的研究,旨在揭示具有这类构造形式的砌体结构在不同烈度影响场下的破坏特点和抗震能力,为指导今后砌体结构的设计和抗震规范的修改提供参考。     

基于遥感影像的建筑抗震能力分析

据震害统计,房屋抗震能力是影响灾害的主要因素,抗震能力一般由房屋抗震设防水平、结构类型、建造年代和房屋层数等因素决定,通过对房屋抗震能力的综合评定,以便采取更有针对性的地震灾害对策。本文通过遥感影像实现房屋基本信息的快速提取,提高房屋结构类型获取的便捷性,具有较高的准确度和可靠度,并利用抽样调查得到张家口万全区房屋建造年代和层数分布特点,结合当地抗震设防水平,建立房屋抗震能力指数指标体系,阐述房屋抗震能力现状,为地震灾害损失评估、风险普查、风险区划等工作提供参考。     

DAMAGE STATISTICS OF 12 OCTOBER 1992 EARTHQUAKE IN THE GREATER CAIRO AREA

The paper describes the damage statistics of the 12 October 1992 earthquake (Dahshur earthquake) that hit the greater Cairo area in Egypt and measured 5.4 on the Richter scale. Building sample consisted of 2270 buildings distributed in almost every district in the greater Cairo area and their characteristics cover a wide range of date of construction and structural systems. Structural and non-structural damage to buildings are presented as functions of date of construction, height and type of construction. It is believed that the information presented in the paper is of extreme importance to the engineering community as to the structural impact that the 1992 earthquake had on building stocks in the urban area. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国农村房屋的地震破坏分析与工程抗震处理对策

根据对我国农村建(构)筑物震害的调查结果,总结了农村房屋的震害特征,分析了建(构)筑物破坏的主要原因及农村房屋建(构)筑物在选址、施工、抗震设防等方面的教训,采用有限元分析比较了基础材料不同时基础部分的抗震差异。提出了提高农村房屋抗震能力的对策和建议。     

Damages on reinforced concrete buildings due to consecutive earthquakes in Van

Consecutive earthquakes occurred on October 23rd, 2011 in Ercis and on November 9th, 2011 in Edremit that are townships located 90 km and 18 km far from Van city in Turkey, respectively. A total of 28,000 buildings were damaged or collapsed in the city center and the surrounding villages after the Ercis earthquake. This number reached 35,000 after the Edremit earthquake. In the area where the earthquakes occurred, almost all the reinforced concrete buildings were affected.This study presents field observations of damages on reinforced concrete buildings due to the consecutive earthquakes that occurred in Van, Turkey. Damages appearing in the buildings may occur due to several reasons such as site effect, poor construction quality, poor concrete strength, poor detailing in beam-column joints, detailing of stronger beam than column, soft stories, weak stories, inadequate reinforcement, short lap splices, incorrect end hook angle, and short columns. Aftershocks also caused progressive damages on the buildings within 17 days after the earthquakes. According to the results of this study, most of the damaged buildings were not designed and constructed according to the Turkish earthquake code, the so-called Specification for Buildings to be built in Seismic Zones.     

高层建筑坍塌墙体修复施工安全管理定量化控制模型研究

为了确保震后高层建筑坍塌墙体修复工程的安全性,提出一种高层建筑震后坍塌墙体修复施工安全管理方法。结合主成分分析法与信息熵法对震后高层建筑坍塌墙体修复施工管理的控制特征量进行提取,确定模型评价指标权重;根据加权学习法对坍塌墙体修复的施工进行量化控制;通过灰阶量化评估进行约束参量分析,构建安全管理控制模型;采用管理因素模糊调度算法实现施工安全管理控制,并完成优化决策。通过仿真实验验证坍塌墙体修复施工管理控制的管理效益与累积评价百分率。分析结果表明,采用该方法进行震后高层建筑坍塌墙体修复施工管理控制的管理效益最高可达83.32%,累积管理效果回报率较高,累积评价百分率平均约为75%,能够有效提高施工过程的安全管理效能,确保施工安全。     

会泽5.3级地震建(构)筑物震害分析

介绍了2005年云南会泽5．3级地震震区建（构）筑物震害的调查结果,归纳了建（构）筑物震害的特征,并对各类建（构）筑物的破坏原因进行了分析。在此基础上,总结了房屋建筑及各种构筑物在选址、施工、抗震设防等方面的经验教训,提出了建（构）筑物防震减灾建议。     

2018年9月8日云南墨江M5.9地震震害综述

2018年9月8日10时31分29秒,云南省墨江县(23.28°N,101.53°E)发生M5.9地震。根据现场调查情况,详细阐述地震灾区房屋建筑结构特点、房屋建筑及生命线工程震害特征,给出房屋建筑震害矩阵,对其震害成因进行分析,并与省内近年相似震级的地震震害进行对比分析,结果表明:本次地震波及范围广、总体震害轻、无人员死亡、地质灾害轻。     

农村地震应急管理体系建设改进对策的探讨

分析目前农村地震应急管理工作中存在的问题,从加强探明当地地质构造背景,加强覆盖全面的农村地震应急预案,加强建立农村处置突发地震灾害的领导指挥体系,加强群测群防网络建设,加强农村防震减灾科普宣传,加强农村民房抗震设防的宣传指导等六个方面提出了农村地震应急管理体系建设的改进对策。     

基于无人机影像的九寨沟地震建筑物震害定量评估

利用2017年8月8日九寨沟7.0级地震震后获取的无人机影像,结合地面震害调查资料,分析各类建筑物震害特征,建立建筑物震害无人机遥感解译标志;选取地震灾区漳扎镇(部分区域)和荷叶寨2个区域作为研究区,进行了无人机遥感建筑物震害提取,基于遥感震害指数进行了震害定量评估,并与现场建筑物震害调查统计结果进行了比较验证。结果显示,遥感解译建筑物震害与实际震害程度相吻合,表明利用震后快速获取的高分辨率无人机影像,可以较为准确地识别建筑物震害,进而为地震灾害定量评估和应急救援辅助决策提供重要参考。     

中国西部典型房屋结构震害定量关系的初步研究

建筑物震害程度的判定是进行地震灾害损失评估的基础, 震害指数是建筑物震害程度的定量表示方式, 是房屋抗震性能的直观表现。 震害指数的研究对于震害预测和地震灾害损失评估都有重要的意义。 文中收集、 分析并处理了2001—2004年中国地震灾害损失现场调查与评估的详细资料, 以调查点为单位计算了各种结构类型房屋的平均震害指数, 建立了中国西部地区不同结构类型房屋的平均震害指数向未经加固的砖混和砖木结构房屋的平均震害指数转换的数学关系, 其结果对地震灾害及其损失的快速评估与现场评估具有一定的参考作用。     

2019年2月2日新疆塔城MS5.2地震房屋震害特点与发震构造

2019年2月2日新疆塔城市发生M_S5.2地震，根据现场震害调查确定本次地震极震区烈度为Ⅵ度。地震造成震中附近20世纪八、九十年代建造的个别土木结构房屋出现中等程度以上破坏，少数轻微破坏(含旧裂缝加宽)，多数基本完好；其他结构类型房屋多数基本完好。本次地震震级小、有感范围广，震区土木结构房屋缺少抗震措施、年久失修、地基处理不当是造成房屋出现破坏的主要原因。综合分析等震线分布及深部构造特征，初步判定本次地震发震构造为塔克台断裂向塔城盆地迁移、扩展的隐伏断裂。     

Assessment of the influence of horizontal diaphragms on the seismic performance of vernacular buildings

The awareness and preservation of the vernacular heritage and traditional construction techniques and materials is crucial as a key element of cultural identity. However, vernacular architecture located in earthquake prone areas can show a particularly poor seismic performance because of inadequate construction practices resulting from economic restraints and lack of resources. The horizontal diaphragms are one of the key aspects influencing the seismic behavior of buildings because of their major role transmitting the seismic actions to the vertical resisting elements of the structure. This paper presents a numerical parametric study adopted to understand the seismic behavior and resisting mechanisms of vernacular buildings according to the type of horizontal diaphragm considered. Detailed finite element modeling and nonlinear static (pushover) analyses were used to perform the thorough parametric study aimed at the evaluation and quantification of the influence of the type of diaphragm in the seismic behavior of vernacular buildings. The reference models used for this study simulate representative rammed earth and stone masonry vernacular buildings commonly found in the South of Portugal. Therefore, this paper also contributes for a better insight of the structural behavior of vernacular earthen and stone masonry typologies under seismic loading.     

西安地区砌体结构校舍抗震加固设计方法研究

对震后中小学校舍进行抗震加固是我国各级政府在汶川地震后给工程技术人员提出的重要课题.本文针对西安地区中小学校舍的抗震加固设计进行了论述.对其存在的安全隐患,可依据抗震鉴定的结论及现场实地勘察,综合考虑施工进度、施工复杂程度、工期等因素,选用相应的抗震加固设计方案.根据设计过程中出现的问题,本文还提出了工程建议,可为类似的工程设计、施工提供借鉴.