论浙江火山岩区金矿床的成矿模式和找矿标志

文中给出了一个包含两大类五亚类八个型式的金矿床成矿模式图。浙江省火山岩区金矿的找矿标志有:矿床产出条件、围岩蚀变、同位素组成、包裹体、矿物共生组合、矿物组构及其标型特征。例如,该火山岩区重要金矿床的黄铁矿中,相对富含Pb、Zn、Mo、Sn、As,Sb和Bi,而贫Co、Ni、Se和Te;并且S/se、Ag/Au、Pb/Ni、Se/Te和(As+Sb+Bi)/(Se+Te)比值较高,Co/Ni、Ag/Pb、Ag/Zn、Cu/Zn和(Co+Ni)/(Pb+Zn)比值较低。Ⅰ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ式金银矿床中闪锌矿的化学成分富Fe、Mn,贫Cd、Hg;尤其贫Ge、Ga、Tl而富Au、Ag、Sn、Bi;晶体结构αo值约为5.4167～5.4191A。闪锌矿比重较低(d<4.05)、反射率(R)较高(高于纯闪锌矿0.24～1.61％),并且只有一个红外吸收峰(310～313cm~(-1))的特点。     

山西高凡银金矿床黄铁矿的微量元素标型特征及其应用

高凡银金矿床黄铁矿的微量元素研究发现富Au、Ag、Pb、Zn、As、Sb,贫Co、Ni、Se,且S/Se较大,S/As和Fe/(Pb+Zn)较小,As/(Co+Ni)、(Pb+Zn)/(Co+Ni)>10。同时高凡矿田中的滩上铜钼矿化点的黄铁矿则显示相反的特征。总结出一套区分两类矿化黄铁矿微量元素的标型特征,对高凡矿田和五台地区各矿化点的判别和评价中显示了一定的适用性,可作为本区寻找同类金银矿床的找矿标型特征。     

烧锅营子金矿黄铁矿的化学成分标型特征

烧锅营子金矿床的黄铁矿形成于早、中、晚3期,是主要的矿石矿物和载金矿物,其中以中期黄铁矿为最主要的载金者.黄铁矿的化学成分为:TFe43.34%~45.52%,S46.58%~48.86%,与标准黄铁矿相比显示亏铁、亏硫特点.黄铁矿内含丰富的微量元素,有Au、Ag、As、Sb、Bi、Cu、Zn、Pb、Co、Ni、W、Mo、Se等.其中Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Bi含量较高,而As、Sb低,Se极低.其Au/Ag(多大于0.5)、(Cu+Pb+Zn)/(Co+Ni+As)(4.26)、Co/Ni(>> 1)比值表明其属中温岩浆热液矿床.     

江西银山多金属矿床中黄铁矿黄铜矿化学特征

江西银山矿床是一个与火山—次火山有关的多金属热液矿床。通过对其黄铁矿的化学成分特征表现出西山-九区具有富集Cu、Au(Ag)、Bi、Se的特点,向南北两侧黄铁矿中Pb、Zn、Ag、Te、Sb等元素增加,具有亏(损)硫现象;黄铜矿的化学成分特征表现出九区含As、Co比较高,贫Zn,银山区黄铜矿富Ag、Zn、Bi、Te、Ni。     

浙江弄坑金银矿区黄铁矿成分标型研究

为确定弄坑矿区金银矿化成因类型及对该矿区深部矿化远景进行预测,应用找矿矿物学方法研究了浙江武义弄坑金银矿区黄铁矿成分及其特征比值（如S/Fe、Fe/（S＋As）、Co/Ni、S/Se、Se/Te、Au/Ag）、S、Pb同位素特征,分析了黄铁矿成分的成因标型及找矿标型,为该矿化区矿化成因类型的确定提供可靠性的矿物学依据.同时,利用黄铁矿微量元素的三角形图解对本矿区深部矿化远景进行了预测.结论显示,该区金银矿化属浅成低温火山热液成因类型,在矿化区的深部地段可望找到富的金银矿化体.     

湘黔地区下寒武统黑色岩系中镍-钼矿床黄铁矿的成因

重点研究了贵州遵义中南村和湖南张家界三岔镍-钼多金属矿床的黄铁矿,矿床成因为热水喷流沉积型.黄铁矿样品S/Fe比值的平均值为2.0093-2.048,成分特征均属于铁亏损型,说明其形成温度低.Co/Ni变化范围为0.077~4.5,均值为2.197.据Co/Ni的比值可以判断本区的黄铁矿主要为热液成因,矿化物质来源为热水喷流体系内的热液.成分图解标型显示,黑色岩系中高ω(Co+Ni)/ω(Fe)的黄铁矿和高ω(As+Se+Te)/ω(S)的黄铁矿均大量出现,可能与热水喷流沉积的温差变化范围较大有关.而并非正常沉积的产物.S/Se比值为950.8-1059.9,说明生成环境均一程度较高,而且海水温度比较高.由中南村镍-钼矿床的Se/Te值也能判明其为热液成因.关于黄铁矿的研究对本区镍-钼矿床的寻找有重要意义.     

试论黄铁矿化学成分的标型意义

本文依据相关元素的分配和地球化学理论,讨论了各种热液成因黄铁矿中的Co、Ni、As、Sb、Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag、Mn、Te、Se含量和Fe/S、Co/Ni、Pb/Zn、Au/Ag比率及其在时间上和空间上的变化趋向,并得出黄铁矿的化学成分在探索矿床成因、划分成矿阶段、研究矿床分带和矿化评价等方面具一定意义的结论。     

黑龙江省金厂金矿床黄铁矿微量元素特征及其地质意义

为探讨黑龙江省东宁县金厂特大型金矿床角砾筒型和蚀变岩(石英脉)型两种矿化类型的关系,系统采集样品,利用LA-ICPMS方法对4个成矿阶段黄铁矿微量元素进行了原位点分析和面扫描。结果表明,金厂金矿黄铁矿富含As、Co、Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag、Sb、Se、Te、Bi,含少量W、Mo、Sn。两种类型金矿化,从第一成矿阶段到第四成矿阶段,黄铁矿微量金属元素成分及其变化具有相对一致的脉动演化规律,总体表现为从高Co、Ni低As向高As低Co、Ni演化,Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn集中在第二、第三成矿阶段。研究认为,金厂金矿区不同矿化类型、不同金矿体属同一斑岩系统、不同空间位置产物;黄铁矿中As、Au+Ag、Cu、Pb+Zn含量,微量元素总量以及成分环带发育情况是评价金(多金属)矿化强度、伴生成矿元素以及富矿部位的有效指标。LA-ICPMS方法对黄铁矿微量元素的面扫描能高效经济地识别不同阶段黄铁矿,并简单量化其微量元素变化特征。     

湘黔地区下寒武统黑色岩系中镍-钼矿床黄铁矿的成因

重点研究了贵州遵义中南村和湖南张家界三岔镍-钼多金属矿床的黄铁矿,矿床成因为热水喷流沉积型。黄铁矿样品S/Fe比值的平均值为2.0093~2.048,成分特征均属于铁亏损型,说明其形成温度低。Co/Ni变化范围为0.077~4.5,均值为2.197,据Co/Ni的比值可以判断本区的黄铁矿主要为热液成因,矿化物质来源为热水喷流体系内的热液。成分图解标型显示,黑色岩系中高ω(Co+Ni)/ω(Fe)的黄铁矿和高ω(As+Se+Te)/ω(S)的黄铁矿均大量出现,可能与热水喷流沉积的温差变化范围较大有关,而并非正常沉积的产物。S/Se比值为950.8~1059.9,说明生成环境均一程度较高,而且海水温度比较高。由中南村镍-钼矿床的Se/Te值也能判明其为热液成因。关于黄铁矿的研究对本区镍-钼矿床的寻找有重要意义。     

黄铁矿的成分标型特征及其在金属矿床中的指示意义

黄铁矿是硫化物矿床中的常见矿物,其形态、结构、物理性质及化学成分等均具有成因意义,黄铁矿的成分标型特征,特别是微量元素及其特征指数不仅能提供矿床类型、成因和成矿条件等重要信息,而且也是寻找硫化物矿床的重要找矿标志.通过对不同类型硫化物矿床中黄铁矿的Co,Ni,As,Au,Ag,Se,Te,以及Co/Ni,Se/Te等特...     

Trace metal nanoparticles in pyrite

Hydrothermal pyrite contains significant amounts of minor and trace elements including As, Pb, Sb, Bi, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Au, Ag, Se and Te, which can be incorporated into nanoparticles (NPs). NP-bearing pyrite is most common in hydrothermal ore deposits that contain a wide range of trace elements, especially deposits that formed at low temperatures. In this study, we have characterized the chemical composition and structure of these NPs and their host pyrite with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), analytical electron microscopy (AEM), and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA). Pyrite containing the NPs comes from two types of common low-temperature deposits, Carlin-type (Lone Tree, Screamer, Deep Star (Nevada, USA)), and epithermal (Pueblo Viejo (Dominican Republic) and Porgera (Papua New-Guinea)).EMPA analyses of the pyrite show maximum concentrations of As (11.2), Ni (3.04), Cu (2.99), Sb (2.24), Pb (0.99), Co (0.58), Se (0.2), Au (0.19), Hg (0.19), Ag (0.16), Zn (0.04), and Te (0.04) (in wt.%). Three types of pyrite have been investigated: “pure” or “barren” pyrite, Cu-rich pyrite and As-rich pyrite. Arsenic in pyrite from Carlin-type deposits and the Porgera epithermal deposit is negatively correlated with S, whereas some (colloform) pyrite from Pueblo Viejo shows a negative correlation between As + Cu and Fe. HRTEM observations and SAED patterns confirm that almost all NPs are crystalline and that their size varies from 5 to 100 nm (except for NPs of galena, which have diameters of up to 500 nm). NPs can be divided into three groups on the basis of their chemical composition: (i) native metals: Au, Ag, Ag–Au (electrum); (ii) sulfides and sulfosalts: PbS (galena), HgS (cinnabar), Pb–Sb–S, Ag–Pb–S, Pb–Ag–Sb–S, Pb–Sb–Bi–Ag–Te–S, Pb–Te–Sb–Au–Ag–Bi–S, Cu–Fe–S NPs, and Au–Ag–As–Ni–S; and (iii) Fe-bearing NPs: Fe–As–Ag–Ni–S, Fe–As–Sb–Pb–Ni–Au–S, all of which are in a matrix of distorted and polycrystalline pyrite. TEM-EDX spectra collected from the NPs and pyrite matrix document preferential partitioning of trace metals including Pb, Bi, Sb, Au, Ag, Ni, Te, and As into the NPs. The NPs formed due to exsolution from the pyrite matrix, most commonly for NPs less than 10 nm in size, and direct precipitation from the hydrothermal fluid and deposition into the growing pyrite, most commonly for those > 20 nm in size. NPs containing numerous heavy metals are likely to be found in pyrite and/or other sulfides in various hydrothermal, diagenetic and groundwater systems dominated by reducing conditions.     

胶东照岛山金矿黄铁矿成分与热电性标型特征研究

对胶东照岛山金矿中黄铁矿成分和热电性标型特征研究表明:黄铁矿成分亏S富As;黄铁矿的特征元素为:As,Co,Ni,Mo,Se,Au,Ag,Sb,Pb,Te,不同成矿阶段微量元素含量的变化说明,黄铁矿的形成温度从早期成矿阶段到主成矿阶段逐渐降低,金沉淀主要发生在石英黄铁矿和多金属硫化物阶段;P型黄铁矿出现率为61%,与胶东几个典型金矿相比,黄铁矿热电系数离散性较大;热电导型按成矿时间先后变化规律为:PN→PN→PN→PN;As是金矿化的有利组分,微量元素As与(Co+Ni)的相对含量与黄铁矿P型、N型出现率及导型组合密切相关。结合黄铁矿成矿温度、热电系数垂向变化以及黄铁矿P型出现率、P型均值分带性等标型特征的研究表明:照岛山金矿床的形成温度为150℃~340℃,属中低温矿床;矿床总体剥蚀较浅,深部矿体未被揭露;P型黄铁矿热电系数均值、出现率高值区是有利的找矿标志。黄铁矿热电性参数显示,矿区南部矿段(8线~16线)和北部矿段(120线)-200 m以下分别存在一处高值区,推测两处具有深部找矿前景。     

Minor elements and ore genesis of the Fankou lead-zinc deposit,China

The Fankou Pb-Zn deposit occurs in the Middle-Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous carbonate and argillaceous carbonate formations. In principle, the deposit can be classified as a carbonate-hosted strate-bound deposit. Representative sphalerite, galena, and pyrite separates from Fankou have been analysed. For the purpose of comparison a literature survey on minor elements of other districts have been carried out. The comparison of determined data with the quoted data shows that the Fankou sphalerites are rich in Ga, Ge and Ag, but poor in Se and Te; the Fankou galenas are rich in Ag, Hg, Sb and As, but poor in Se, Te, Tl and Bi; the Fankou pyrites are rich in As, Cd and In, but poor in Se, Te, Co and Ni. Zn/Cd and Se/S×10^–4 ratios for sphalerites, Sb/Ag, Sb/Bi and Se/S×10^–4 ratios for galenas and Co/Ni ratios for pyrites from Fankou and other districts have been calculated. Ga-Ge-Ag atomic ratios in sphalerites, Sb-Bi-Ag atomic ratios in galenas and Co-Ni relations in pyrites have been plotted. The average value (311) of Zn/Cd ratios for sphalerites from Fankou is similar to values of sphalerites from Gaobanhe, Heqing, Accesa and Broken Hill. The average Sb/Ag ratio (0.74) and the Sb-Bi-Ag atomic ratios in Fankou galenas are similar to those in the syngenetic galena from the British Island. The Ga-Ge-Ag atomic ratios for Fankou sphalerites are similar to those for the syngenetic sphalerites and Gorno sphalerites. The average Co/Ni ratio (1.1) for micro to fine-grained pyrites from Fankou laminated-bedded pyrite ore is similar to that (0.8) for the sedimentary pyrites from other districts. As to the fine to medium-grained pyrites from Fankou massive pyritic ores, their higher Co/Ni ratios (1.6–1.8) may relate to the fact that more Ni is lost than Co, during the reformation or recrystallization. Sphalerite, galena and pyrite from Fankou all are rather poor in Se and have very low values of Se/S×10^–4, so they may bear no genetic relation to volcanism. To sum up, the following conclusions can be reached: (1) The Fankou deposit possesses some syngenetic features. (2) Evidently it differs from skarn type, hydrothermal type, and volcanogenic type deposits. (3) Surely it is a reformed sedimentary Pb-Zn deposit.     

山西堡子湾金矿床黄铁矿标型特征

从成因矿物学及找矿矿物学观点出发，系统研究了堡子湾金矿床黄铁矿的产状，形态，化学成分，热电性质和热爆特征，该矿床黄铁矿富含Co,Ni,As,Ag,Au与W，Cu,Hg,Ag，As，Bi,Ni,Co,Pb相关性较好，构成特征元素组合，与通常认为的与火山－次火山热液有关的明矾石－高岭土型浅成中低温热液型金矿床特征元素及其组合基本一致。黄铁矿空穴型导电性与明矾，石－高岭土型浅成中低温热液型金矿床特征元素圾其组合基本一致。黄铁矿空穴型导电性与As,Au正相关，与Co，Ni呈明显的负相关，P型和N型导电性是由As/(Co Ni)值决定的。利用黄铁矿热电性及热爆特征空间分带与赋矿空间的对应关系进行成矿预测，效果明显。     

山东七宝山金铜多金属矿区黄铁矿微量元素特征及其地质意义

七宝山金铜多金属矿区的钓鱼台硫铁矿床、金线头金铜矿床以及七宝山铅锌矿床,其矿化类型分别为似层状浸染型、隐爆角砾岩型、裂控热液脉型,黄铁矿是三类矿化中最发育的金属硫化物矿物。通过对3个矿床黄铁矿产状,晶体形态,主、微量元素的nS与nFe实际原子个数比图解(nS/nFe=1.985~2.066)、δFe与δS特征图解(δFe/δS=±5%)、δFe/δS-As图解、(Fe+S)-As图解、Co/Ni特征图解(Co/Ni=1.2~11;Co/Ni=2~27;0.7~18)、Co-Ni-As特征图解以及微量元素相关性[Se-Sb(0.528)、Se-Zn(0.371)、Zn-Sb(0.642)、Pb-Te(0.463)]等研究,得知3个矿床黄铁矿均受岩浆热液的影响,其成矿物质和岩浆作用密切相关,表明3类矿化黄铁矿均为与七宝山次火山杂岩体有关的中温热液型矿床。     

浙江遂昌治岭头金矿床黄铁矿的化学成分标型研究

对遂昌治岭头金矿床 3个矿段 (东矿段、中矿段、西矿段 )的黄铁矿进行了化学成分标型特征的研究。指出黄铁矿中铁、硫主元素的含量 ,钴、镍含量及比值 ,硒、碲含量及比值均为本矿床的成因系沉积后经热液叠加提供了比较可靠的依据。黄铁矿中的 w( Cu) /w( Zn)、w ( Ag) /w ( Zn)、w ( Pb) /w ( Zn)值为本矿床提供了成矿信息 ,认为西矿段见矿部位矿体向下延伸要大于中矿段 ,指出了进一步找矿的前景。     

平顶山金矿床黄铁矿化学成分特征及其找矿意义

本文依据21件黄铁矿样品的电子探针成分分析数据,讨论了Au,Ag,Fe,Co,Ni,S,As,Sb,Cu,Te,Sn,Se等13个元素在黄铁矿中的含量和S/Fe,As/Sb比值在时间和空间上的变化规律。对矿体上的黄铁矿单晶体进行的能谱扫描电镜成分分析,Fe,S,As等成分在黄铁矿内部呈环带状分布,由晶体中心向边缘,它们的含量呈脉动式变化,反映成矿热液活动频繁。     

金同铅锌矿化的分离及共生

金矿化同铅锌矿化存在独特的关系。在块状硫化物矿床和现代洋底硫化物堆积物中金和贱金属的富集程度基本上是相同的,而脉状金矿床中,在富集了大约１０＾３－１０＾４的金的同时仅轻度富集或实际上贫化贱金属铅锌;