淮南矿区潘北矿A组煤层首采工作面开采地质条件探查分析

淮南矿区A组煤层进入开采实施阶段,潘北矿A3层工作面作为全区首采面,其安全开采地质条件评价至关重要。针对矿区A组煤层特殊的地质条件,综合钻探及地球物理探查成果,运用无线电波透视以及三维并行电法技术,对潘北矿A3层首采工作面的煤层、构造及水文地质条件进行了分析与评价。其中无线电波透视技术解释工作面内7处构造异常,其中1处异常断层及裂隙发育、局部煤层变薄,对回采影响很大;并行电法技术发现顶板异常5处、底板异常3处,根据异常范围,分别圈定顶板3处、底板2处为重点防治水区域。该结论经钻孔验证可靠性较高。     

浅埋煤层开采的矿井水来源判别

以陕北侏罗纪煤田凉水井煤矿为例,研究了浅埋煤层开采涌水量规律,根据煤矿井下水样的氢氧同位素构成,计算了矿井水的来源。该区矿井水接受风化基岩裂隙承压水和萨拉乌苏组潜水的补给,矿井水δD为-70‰,裂隙水δD为-80‰,萨拉乌苏组潜水δD为-67.46‰,由此可以计算出矿井水的补给来源主要是萨拉乌苏组地下水,萨拉乌苏组潜水补给占79.74%,基岩裂隙水补给占20.26%,据此提出该区保水采煤重点是保护萨拉乌苏组地下水含水结构的稳定性。     

内蒙古农乃庙井田可采煤层分布及煤层对比

针对内蒙古农乃庙井田的具体情况,对研究区的含煤性及煤层分布特征进行了简要的分析,然后采用了地震波层位对比和地球物理测井曲线对比方法对各煤层进行了对比研究,为进一步开展工作提供依据。     

准格尔召镇周边煤层自燃与3^#、4^#煤层露天开采合理性分析

内蒙古准格尔旗准格尔召镇富含优质煤炭资源,但区内煤层普遍存在自燃现象,致使生态环境明显恶化。以遥感为主要技术手段,结合物探验证、实地调查,查明区内明火点337个,燃烧区面积3．78km^2,潜在危险区达27．38km^2,并对主采煤层露天开采的合理性进行了初步分析,认为3^#煤层适合进行露天开采,既能最大限度开采资源．又能根治煤火;3^#、4^#煤层间距小,大部分4^#煤层可与3^#煤层联合开采。     

综采放顶煤工作面采出煤量计算方法探讨—以大水头矿为例

综放开采包括综采和放顶煤两个过程,在放顶煤的过程中由于其开采空间,实际落煤损失难以确定,导致工作面采出煤量计算困难。本文以大水头煤矿为例,通过对水分、灰分校正后的统计产量的来代替采出煤量,总结出了校正公式。经生产实际检验,该方法是比较准确的。     

浅埋煤层关键隔水层隔水性能及采动影响变化

陕北浅埋煤层开采引起了一系列的生态环境问题,保水采煤成为陕北乃至整个西北地区煤炭资源科学开采的关键。以神南矿区为例,研究了黄土、红土隔水层的隔水性及采煤对其隔水性的影响。神南矿区砂土基型煤层的保水开采的关键隔水层为上覆粘土层,室内、外试验显示：粘土层失稳后流量猛增形成裂隙流,不利于保水采煤;黄土受地面张裂隙发育的剪切作用处于破碎状态,采动后渗透系数表现为数个数量级的变化;红土处于整体下沉带,受附加应力影响表现出较大的塑性变形,采动后渗透性减小,有利于保水采煤。为实现保水采煤,保证粘土层整体不失稳,宜采用回填采空区技术对地面沉降以及土体围压进行控制,当地面沉降量减小时黄土层可保持不失稳,当侧限应力存在时粘土层的稳定性亦可以保持。     

Analysis of Secondary Roof Structure of the Working Face in Shendong Mining Area

A new form of roof—”secondary roof structure” form, according to the characteristics of significant differences existing between the measured roof pressure and the roof pressure calculated by “support-surrounding rock” formulas, exists in working face that was mined under the upper gob at short range in Shendong mining area. The reasons why additional static load of secondary roof came into being were gained through the analysis of main roof weight distribution coefficient. It is that main roof can not transfer all the static load to the front coal wall and the rear caved gangue, and partial weight of the gangue of upper gob served as the additional static load attaching to the roof of working face. The roof parameters of five working faces mining under the upper gob were counted based on the field measurement and theoretical analysis. What is more, here, the relationship between the M/L value and the roof form was analyzed. Also the roof pressure of 21305 working face of 1^?2 coal seam was calculated based on the secondary roof structure model, and the additional static load coefficient (T) was used as measurement of the additional static load of secondary roof. Finally, the directions which can be made a breakthrough in theoretical research of secondary roof were introduced.     

A Continuous Conversion Technology from Top Coal Caving into Multi-Slice Mining for Thick Bifurcated Coal Seams

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - This paper presents a mining technology that enables the continuous conversion from top coal caving (TCC) to multi-slice mining (MSM). The technology helps...     

天府矿区突出危险煤层孔隙与裂隙的研究

自六十年代以来,各产煤大国都十分重视煤与瓦斯突出的地质研究,发表了大量论文,提出了数十种假说。在众多的假说中,综合作用假说越来越被大多数研究者所接受。从分析突出本质及其分类理论的现状出发,笔者认为,煤与瓦斯突出是由裂隙-孔隙结构、有应力和饱含瓦斯的煤层,与采掘工艺因素相互作用的结果。     

卧龙湖煤矿102工作面顶板采动效应研究

基于卧龙湖煤矿的岩石力学测试资料,运用FLAC3D数值模拟软件,分析了102工作面在回采过程中的应力重分布、覆岩的变形和破坏特征。数值模拟结果表明,随着工作面的向前推进,垂直方向应力和位移成增加的趋势,采空区中间部位岩体位移近于垂直方向。研究结果为工作面布置方法、顶板支护方式的选择和采区设计提供了依据,为顶板事故的预防提供了参考资料。     

煤层孤岛工作面冲击矿压的防治实践

木城涧矿450水平西四采区三槽东一壁工作面发生的几起冲击矿压事故,与其工作面开采深度、所处地质构造部位、呈孤岛开采状态有关.工作面煤样和顶板冲击倾向性测试结果表明,该煤层属于高冲击倾向性煤层,具有发生冲击矿压的能力.根据产生冲击矿压的原因和特点,采用电磁幅射进行冲击矿压预测预报、爆破卸压进行治理的措施,通过了冲击矿压危险区.     

龙永煤田煤层形变因素浅析

龙永煤田的地质概况及其褶皱构造特征,李绍明同志已作了详细描述（《煤田地质与勘探》1981年第4期,《龙永煤田褶皱构造特征的探讨》）。本文着重就该煤田煤层形变的影响因素和规律作如下分析。     

东光煤矿煤层对比

东光煤矿含煤地层为龙潭组,含煤层数多,煤层厚度变化大。根据矿区地质资料及测井成果,采用标志层法、古生物法,测井曲线特征对比法、煤质分析等方法对煤层进行综合对比。准确判定了该区可采煤层6煤、14煤、16煤、21煤、23煤、27煤及其相应标志层B3、B4、B6、辅1、辅2、B7、B9,的位置关系,并在此基础上对各煤层厚度的变化趋势进行了定性解释。     

Numerical Investigation of the Dynamic Mechanical State of a Coal Pillar During Longwall Mining Panel Extraction

This study presents a numerical investigation on the dynamic mechanical state of a coal pillar and the assessment of the coal bump risk during extraction using the longwall mining method. The present research indicates that there is an intact core, even when the peak pillar strength has been exceeded under uniaxial compression. This central portion of the coal pillar plays a significant role in its loading capacity. In this study, the intact core of the coal pillar is defined as an elastic core. Based on the geological conditions of a typical longwall panel from the Tangshan coal mine in the City of Tangshan, China, a numerical fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in three dimensions (FLAC^3D) model was created to understand the relationship between the volume of the elastic core in a coal pillar and the vertical stress, which is considered to be an important precursor to the development of a coal bump. The numerical results suggest that, the wider the coal pillar, the greater the volume of the elastic core. Therefore, a coal pillar with large width may form a large elastic core as the panel is mined, and the vertical stress is expected to be greater in magnitude. Because of the high stresses and the associated stored elastic energy, the risk of coal bumps in a coal pillar with large width is greater than for a coal pillar with small width. The results of the model also predict that the peak abutment stress occurs near the intersection between the mining face and the roadways at a distance of 7.5 m from the mining face. It is revealed that the bump-prone zones around the longwall panel are within 7–10 m ahead of the mining face and near the edge of the roadway during panel extraction.     

论煤层的加积方式

煤层成因是煤地质学的核心。煤层是一种沉积地层,它遵循沉积学、地层学、岩石学以及矿床学的基本规律,也有其特殊性,其成因并不同于煤的成因。传统煤地质学的核心观点是煤层由泥炭沼泽演化而成,其本质就是成煤物质的垂向加积。通过对煤层垂向和侧向加积的分析对比以及大面积稳定展布的厚煤层低自然伽马多峰现象、层理与条带结构等沉积特征的研究,认为成煤物质是机械沉积的,煤层像大多数沉积岩层一样是侧向加积形成的。对于厚煤层而言,多期侧向加积产生了次生垂向加积,其形成过程不是一个简单的、连续的、线性的垂向累加过程,而是一个复杂的、不连续的、非线性的侧向叠合过程,成煤物质是不连续的、多期多源的,厚煤层中普遍存在的夹矸便是其不连续的证据,同时厚煤层是穿时的。煤层侧向加积与较深水或海相沉积共生,是一个有机连续的整体,符合瓦尔特相律和古生态学原理,符合煤层厚度、形态多变及下伏地层沉积体系多种多样,也符合成煤物质超巨量工业富集、含煤地层灰色灰黑色、煤矿床质量优良的事实。     

低透气松软突出煤层快速揭煤技术

随着矿井开采深度的加大,矿井的透气性越来越小,煤与瓦斯突出事故频发,揭煤难度也越来越大。孟津煤矿开采山西组二。煤层,属于构造煤,煤层松软,透气性低,矿井一水平开采深度为760m,瓦斯压力高。副井清理斜巷需穿过二,煤层,为了尽快揭开煤层,采用液压钻机配乳化液泵以提高钻探水压的冲煤措施,使高应力低透气松软煤层在揭煤时的不利因素转化为可利用因素。从施工的55个揭煤孔来看,单孔冲出煤量最大为2.3t,最小为0．4t,平均为1．06t,总计冲出煤量为58．5t。通过对控制区域6个点瓦斯含量的测定,结果表明,瓦斯含量降到了8m3／t以下．清除了突出危险。采用瓦斯解析指标进行了三次效果检验,Ah：最大值为190MPa;在岩柱1．5m布置爆破孔,采用震动爆破揭开煤层,瞬时最大瓦斯涌出量为2．4m3／min,说明达到了快速揭煤的目的。     

小龙潭煤系的压实作用与厚煤层的形成

多年来,煤田地质工作者对厚煤层和巨厚煤层的成因都十分关注。不少人从沉积环境、构造控煤及成煤模式等方面进行了广泛地研究,并取得了一些进展。但是,仍然存在着许多疑难问题和争论,迄今未能得到满意的解决。理论上,在成煤过程中沉积底面沉降速度与植物遗体堆积速度长期保持平衡,才能形成厚煤层或巨厚煤层。那么在什么部位、什么因素能造成以上两个速度的长期均衡呢?     

高位瓦斯抽放钻孔在降低综采工作面瓦斯浓度中的应用

林南仓属于低瓦斯矿井,但存在高瓦斯区域。煤层和采空区是瓦斯的主要来源,尤以采空涌出量大,给煤矿生产和安全带来了极大隐患。通过在1129综采工作面风道施工高位瓦斯孔,把钻孔打到采空区一侧煤层顶板以上冒落裂隙带内,用钻孔进行瓦斯抽放,使采空内的瓦斯通过裂隙带沿钻孔抽出,有效降低综采工作面瓦斯浓度,保证综采工作面正常回采和安全生产。