地震资料信噪比估算方法改进

在存在相关干扰的地震资料中,用以往的方法估算信噪比(Signal-to-Noise),往往存在较大的误差。这里提出了利用F-K滤波分离相关干扰,然后用相关时移法估算有效信号,再利用有效信号与总干扰之能量比来计算信噪比。通过模型实验和实际资料试算证实,这种改进的信噪比估算方法,对于存在有相关干扰的资料,能够较准确地估算出真实信噪比。     

地震勘探资源频率域叠加方法研究

在叠前共深度点道集内各地震道的动、静校正误差很小的情况下，地震资料时间域水平叠加方法有较好的叠加结果。但是，如果动、静校正的误差较大时，叠加效果将受到影响，即叠后振幅和分辨率都会降低。因此，提出一种频率域叠加方法。该方法既具有常规水平叠加方法能提高信噪比的优点，又能将共深度点道集内的走时时差消除，达到内相叠回的目的。几个比较叠加方法效果的有噪CDP道集叠加的例子证明了该方法的效果。     

提高海上单道反射地震记录信噪比和分辨率的方法技术

海上浅层单道反射地震的数据不需要水平叠加处理,该方法在更容易获得较好的保真度、较高分辨率剖面的同时,要求有高信噪比的地震记录为基础。通过对野外数据采集过程中噪声干扰情况的分析,合理地选择激发震源、检波器因素及仪器参数,不仅能够得到频带较宽、主频较高的高分辨率地震时间剖面,而且能够压制部分随机噪声;在资料处理流程中,采用有效的方法技术对数据进行信噪分离,削弱多次及绕射等干扰波的影响,可进一步提高单道地震记录的信噪比和分辨率。     

一种求地震记录多重分形谱的改进算法

通过分析地震记录多重分形谱的不同计算方法，引入一种新的多重分形概率测度概念，同时也提出了一种时间序列多重分形分析的改进方法。该方法具有计算量小、计算时间短的特点，并同时也可以快速、有效地求出地震记录的多重分形谱。     

复杂山地低信噪比地震资料处理方法

宜阳复杂山地地震资料的特点是静校正量大,信噪比低。针对该区的特点,在资料处理中采用建立全区统一浮动基准面与折射静校正方法解决静校正问题;运用叠前去噪技术、目标速度分析、DMO技术、优化迭代叠加技术、F-X域信号增强去噪技术,同时,优化处理流程,精选处理参数,取得了明显效果。     

地震勘探资料频率域叠加方法研究

在叠前共深度点道集内各地震道的动、静校正误差很小的情况下,地震资料时间域水平叠加方法有较好的叠加结果.但是,如果动、静校正的误差较大时,叠加效果将受到影响,即叠后振幅和分辨率都会降低.因此,提出一种频率域叠加方法.该方法既具有常规水平叠加方法能提高信噪比的优点,又能将共深度点道集内的走时时差消除,达到同相叠加的目的.几个比较叠加方法效果的有噪CDP道集叠加的例子证明了该方法的效果.     

浅层地震勘探记录信号的特点及消除干扰方法

一、浅层地震干扰信号的特点浅层地震勘探多用于厂矿的选址、地基勘查、病害工程治理、水文工程地质勘查等方面。因此，地震数据采集往往是在人口密集的地区进行。再者，施工场地周围往往有较强的机械震动、高辐射     

Seismic hazard assessment using the theory of records

This article is a review of some basic results for analysis of records. First, the general methods appropriate for seismic hazard are discussed. Then, in view of the frequency-magnitude law of Gutenberg and Richter, some results relevant for hazard assessment related to earthquakes are presented. The discussion is concluded with an example of application and comparison with classical methods.     

几种重排算法在地震信号处理中的实验分析

阐述了时频分析技术中重排算法的基本思想,给出了部分重排算法的局部能量重心表达式;设计了两个数值实验,利用几种重排算法对单道地震信号进行了计算和分析比较。结果表明：重排算法不仅能有效抑制交叉项,同时也能提高时频聚集性,从而获得更理想的局部信号特征。其中以重排Spectrogram分布的时频聚集能力最佳,尤其适合于突出主频信号;重排平滑伪Wigner-Ville分布同样也能够获得较理想的时频效果,但稍弱于前一种方法;重排伪MH分布的时频聚集性相对较差,没有对分散的能量进行有效的重新分配处理。重排算法因其突出的时频聚集能力,应用在地震剖面中可以得到更加细致的瞬时频率特征。     

金属矿地震勘探方法技术研究综述

系统地总结了国内外金属矿地震勘探技术及其研究与应用现状,其中包括反射波法、折射波法、散射波法等,并就多项实验研究中采用的方法技术及取得的良好地质效果进行了概括总结,认为反射波地震方法在振测沉积层控矿床和控矿构造方面效果较好,而散射波地震方法不但可探测与矿体有关的地下局部不均匀体,而且,结合其它物探资料还可确定隐伏矿体的...     

Bayesian estimation of seismic hazard for two sites in Switzerland

Seismic hazard analysis is based on data and models, which both are imprecise and uncertain. Especially the interpretation of historical information into earthquake parameters, e.g. earthquake size and location, yields ambiguous and imprecise data. Models based on probability distributions have been developed in order to quantify and represent these uncertainties. Nevertheless, the majority of the procedures applied in seismic hazard assessment do not take into account these uncertainties, nor do they show the variance of the results. Therefore, a procedure based on Bayesian statistics was developed to estimate return periods for different ground motion intensities (MSK scale).Bayesian techniques provide a mathematical model to estimate the distribution of random variables in presence of uncertainties. The developed method estimates the probability distribution of the number of occurrences in a Poisson process described by the parameter . The input data are the historical occurrences of intensities for a particular site, represented by a discrete probability distribution for each earthquake. The calculation of these historical occurrences requires a careful preparation of all input parameters, i.e. a modelling of their uncertainties. The obtained results show that the variance of the recurrence rate is smaller in regions with higher seismic activity than in less active regions. It can also be demonstrated that long return periods cannot be estimated with confidence, because the time period of observation is too short. This indicates that the long return periods obtained by seismic source methods only reflects the delineated seismic sources and the chosen earthquake size distribution law.     

煤炭资源/储量估算地质块段法误差及其改进方法

地质块段法是煤炭资源/储量估算中最常用和最重要的方法。块段的具体划分方法在相关规范和规定中并无明确的具体规定,而块段的划分方法不同,估算的资源/储量结果亦不同。结合生产实际,通过实例应用,定量分析了地质块段不同划分方法所产生的误差,并对地质块段不同划分方法进行了定量评价。经过分析和确定误差的影响因素,提出了最佳块段划分的具体原则与方法,对提高煤田勘查中资源/储量估算的准确度具有现实意义。     

黄河源区潜在蒸散量估算方法适用性分析

潜在蒸散量（Potential Evapotranspiration）是区域水量平衡研究的重要参数。为在资料短缺的情况下准确计算潜在蒸散量,并科学评价其简化算法的适用性。基于黄河源区11个气象站点1970—2018年气温、降水、相对湿度、风速、日照时数等逐日观测资料,以联合国粮农组织（FAO）推荐的Penman-Monteith（PM）法为参考,从年、月及空间尺度等方面分析了Priestly-Taylor（PT）法、Doorenbos-Pruitt（DP）法、Hargreaves-Samani（HS）法、Rohwer（RO）法、Thornthwaite（TH）法、Blaney-Criddle（BC）法6种简易算法的计算精度。结果表明在黄河源区HS法与PM法的平均偏差最低,仅为3.487 mm/mon,精度最高。但HS法未考虑平均相对湿度对于潜在蒸散量估算效果的影响,在气候湿润的黄河源区东南部红原县、河南县、若尔盖县、玛曲县及久治县存在精度不高的问题。因此引入平均相对湿度因子对HS法进行修正,并评价了改进后的HS法的应用效果。结果表明,引入平均相对湿度因子修正HS法后,黄河源区整体年潜在蒸散量的平均偏差由−22.008 mm/a降至6.174 mm/a;月潜在蒸散量的平均偏差由3.487 mm/mon降至1.031 mm/mon;空间尺度上,以上5县的平均偏差明显降低,平均降幅达5.33 mm/mon。表明改进后的HS法能够有效解决黄河源区东南部精度不高的问题,可以为黄河源区潜在蒸散量的简化计算提供参考。     

The extraregional seismotectonic method for the assessment of seismic potential

The extraregional seismotectonic method for prognosis estimation of seismic potential (M _max) is presented. Information on the recent structure and state of the Earth's crust is used as the initial data for performing the seismotectonic analysis. The Earth's crust typification is performed applying computer procedures of cluster analysis for the territory of the major part of Europe of the adjacent aquatories and Central Asia. Application of the method results in an essential improvement of the prediction of the site and strength of expected earthquakes within seismically active territories and also makes possible the estimation of the seismic potential of weakly active regions from the same methodological standpoint.     

Stochastic finite element methods for the seismic response of soils

Some of the available stochastic finite element methods are adapted and evaluated for the analyses of response of soils with uncertain properties subjected to earthquake induced random ground motion. In this study, the dynamic response of a soil mass, with finite element discretization, is formulated in the frequency domain. The spectral density function of the response variables are obtained from which the evaluation of the root-mean-squared and the most probable extreme values of the response are made. The material non-linearities are incorporated by using strain compatible moduli and damping of soils using an equivalent linear model for stress–strain behaviour of soils and an iterative solution of the response. The spatial variability of the shear modulus is described through a random field model and the earthquake included motion is treated as a stochastic process. The available formulations of direct Monte-Carlo simulation, first-order perturbation method, a spectral decomposition method with Neumann expansion and a spectral decomposition method with Polynomial Chaos are used to develop stochastic finite element analyses of the seismic response of soils. The numerical results from these approaches are compared with respect to their accuracy and computational efficiency. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

基于改进混沌果蝇优化小波阈值法地震信号随机噪声压制

由于野外采集地震资料往往带有较多的随机噪声,给资料解释造成困难。针对小波阈值去噪的阈值选取通常需要对信号进行先验估计,带有较强猜测性,阈值选取难以获得最优结果。本文提出基于改进混沌果蝇优化的小波阈值法,将基于广义交叉验证(GCV)函数设定为阈值选取目标函数,在混沌果蝇优化算法中引入调节系数实现对该目标函数的迭代寻优,在无先验信息前提下,获取最优小波阈值。通过将本文算法用于合成地震记录和实际地震记录进行去噪处理,并对比常用小波阈值去噪算法,证明了本文算法的有效性。     

三维地震资料的精细解释技术

提出了在普通微机上实现三维地震属性参数提取、提纯、降维、去噪和多种属性综合处理的思路和方法,并在三维地震实际探采对比资料中进行了应用。结果表明,该方法对于 5 m以下小断层的解释取得了突破,显示出了良好的地质效果,同时也对传统地震垂向分辨率的极限提出了质疑。