Tectonic Evolution of the Middle Frontal Area of the Longmen Mountain Thrust Belt,Western Sichuan Basin,China

By analyzing the balanced cross sections and subsidence history of the Longmen Mountain thrust belt, China, we concluded that it had experienced five tectonic stages: (1) the formation stage (T3x) of the miniature of Longmen Mountain, early Indosinian movement, and Anxian tectonic movement created the Longmen Mountain; (2) the stable tectonic stage (J1) where weaker tectonic movement resulted in the Longmen Mountain thrust belt being slightly uplifted and slightly subsiding the foreland basin; (3) the intense tectonic stage (J2-3), namely the early Yanshan movement; (4) continuous tectonic movement (K–E), namely the late Yanshan movement and early Himalayan movement; and (5) the formation of Longmen Mountain (N–Q), namely the late Himalayan movement. During those tectonic deformation stages, the Anxian movement and Himalayan movement played important roles in the Longmen Mountain’s formation. The Himalayan movement affected Longmen Mountain the most; the strata thrust intensively and were eroded severely. There are some klippes in the middle part of the Longmen Mountain thrust belt because a few nappes were pushed southeastward in later tectonic deformation.     

Tectonic Evolution of the Middle Frontal Area of the Longmen Mountain Thrust Belt, Western Sichuan Basin, China

By analyzing the balanced cross sections and subsidence history of the Longmen Mountain thrust belt,China,we concluded that it had experienced five tectonic stages:(1)the formation stage (T3x) of the miniature of Longmen Mountain, early Indosinian movement, and Anxian tectonic movement created the Longmen Mountain;(2)the stable tectonic stage(J1)where weaker tectonic movement resulted in the Longmen Mountain thrust belt being slightly uplifted and slightly subsiding the foreland basin;(3)the intense tectonic stage(J2-3),namely the early Yanshan movement;(4) continuous tectonic movement(K-E),namely the late Yaushan movement and early Himalayan movement;and(5)the formation of Longrnen Mountain(N-Q),namely the late Himalayan movement. During those tectonic deformation stages, the Anxian movement and Himalayan movement played important roles in the Longmen Mountain'S formation.The Himalayan movement affected Longmen Mountain the most;the strata thrust intensively and were eroded severely.There are some klippes in the middle part of the Longmen Mountain thrust belt because a few nappes were pushed southeastward in later tectonic deformation.     

Structural Styles of Longmen Mountain Thrust Belt,SW China

Through field geological investigation and seismic interpretation of the Longmen (龙门) Mountain thrust belt, we summarized the following structural styles: thrust belt, fault-related fold (fault bend fold, fault propagation fold, and fault decollement fold), pop-up, triangle zone, duplex, superimposed fold, ductile deformation structures, reverse thrust fault, klippe, decollement structure,etc.. These structural styles have evident distribution characteristics; they had zonation and segmentation in plane. Th...     

川西龙门山冲断带构造油气藏类型及分布预测

野外地质考察和地震剖面解释表明川西龙门山冲断带具有复杂的构造地质特征,认为研究区发育类型众多的构造变形样式,主要有背冲断块、三角带构造、逆冲断层带和断块构造、断层相关褶皱构造以及双重构造等,不同类型的构造变形样式形成不同类型的构造油气藏。不同类型构造油气藏具有一定的分布规律,在平面上具有分带性,并与龙门山冲断带的主干断裂密切相关,如北川-映秀断裂与马角坝-通济场-双石断裂之间主要发育与断层相关的褶皱型油气藏;马角坝-通济场-双石断裂与广元-关口-大邑断裂之间主要发育三角带构造型油气藏以及一些断滑褶皱型油气藏,等等。在纵向上具有分层性,区域性滑脱层之上发育各种类型的构造油气藏,主要有背冲断块型油气藏、逆冲断裂带内的构造油气藏等,滑脱层之下发育双重构造型油气藏、断层相关及与背斜有关的构造油气藏。     

Differential Tectonic Deformation of the Longmen Mountain Thrust Belt,Western Sichuan Basin,China

Field investigation and seismic section explanation showed that the Longmen Mountain Thrust Belt has obvious differential deformation: zonation, segmentation and stratification. Zonation means that, from NW to NE, the Longmen Mountain Thrust Belt can be divided into the Songpan-Garzê Tectonic Belt, ductile deformation belt, base involved thrust belt, frontal fold-thrust belt, and foreland depression. Segmentation means that it can be divided into five segments from north to south: the northern segment, the Anxian Transfer Zone, the center segment, the Guanxian Transfer Zone and the southern segment. Stratification means that the detachment layers partition the structural styles in profile. The detachment layers in the Longmen Mountain Thrust Belt can be classified into three categories: the deep-level detachment layers, including the crust-mantle system detachment layer, intracrustal detachment layer, and Presinian system basal detachment layer; the middle-level detachment layers, including Cambrian-Ordovician detachment layer, Silurian detachment layer, etc.; and shallow-level detachment layers, including Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation detachment layer and the Jurassic detachment layers. The multi-level detachment layers have a very important effect on the shaping and evolution of Longmen Mountain Thrust Belt.     

Differential Tectonic Deformation of the Longmen Mountain Thrust Belt,Western Sichuan Basin,China

Field investigation and seismic section explanation showed that the Longmen Mountain Thrust Belt has obvious differential deformation:zonation,segmentation and stratification.Zonation means that,from NW to NE,the Longmen Mountain Thrust Belt can be divided into the Songpan- Garz(?) Tectonic Belt,ductile deformation belt,base involved thrust belt,frontal fold-thrust belt,and foreland depression.Segmentation means that it can be divided into five segments from north to south: the northern segment,the Anxia...     

龙门山冲断带构造特征研究主要进展及存在问题探讨

在前人研究成果基础上,对龙门山冲断带差异构造变形特征,构造几何样式,构造演化等几个方面进行了综述。研究表明,龙门山冲断带具有明显差异构造变形特征,即东西分带、南北分段、上下分层,同时发育大量构造变形样式,如断层相关褶皱、三角带、飞来峰、双重构造等等,在经历了多期复杂构造演化之后,构造变形样式具有多期叠加特征,最后提出详细地表构造地质建模、地震剖面精细解释及合理模型的建立,同时结合多种量化测试分析手段能够有效推进龙门山冲断带复杂构造样式与多期构造演化阶段分析研究工作,以及推动该地区的油气勘探。     

龙门山造山带与川西前陆盆地的盆山耦合关系对油气成藏的控制作用

综合地球化学、野外剖面和钻测井等资料,运用岩石学和地层对比、盆地模拟等方法,剖析了龙门山造山带和川西前陆盆地的盆山耦合关系,探讨了这种盆山耦合关系对油气成藏的控制作用,最后给出了勘探建议及有利区带预测。结果表明：龙门山造山带和川西前陆盆地在沉积和构造方面表现出良好的盆山耦合关系,具体表现在沉降与隆升的对应、物源与沉积的对应以及构造多幕性和沉积旋回性的对应等特征上;沉积耦合关系控制着烃源岩的沉积厚度及热演化程度,并影响着储层的垂向和横向分布,而构造耦合关系则对造山带和前陆盆地的断层发育以及油气运移和成藏所需圈闭具有决定性作用;盆山耦合呈多期性,具有沉积、沉降中心以及沉积相展布不断迁移和多期叠加的特征;形成了川西前陆盆地深、中、浅层的三维立体幕式演化成藏模式。有利区带预测表明：梓潼坳陷南端是深盆气的有利聚集区;浅层气主要分布在古隆起发育的盆地中、南段;深层气则多分布于盆地北部及中部地层尖灭带。     

龙门山前陆褶皱冲断带构造解析与川西前陆盆地的发育

通过详细的野外地质调查和精细的地震剖面构造解析。揭示了龙门山前陆褶皱冲断带的基本构造特征。对比分析了龙门山北段与南段构造变形几何学和运动学的差异。提出龙门山北段主要表现为一系列复杂的逆冲推覆构造,晚三叠纪变形强于新生代;龙门山南段则以基底卷入的叠瓦状冲断为特点,晚白垩纪-早第三纪变形尤为突出。与前陆褶皱冲断带相对应的是,川西晚三叠纪时期的周缘前陆盆地主要表现在整个龙门山褶皱冲断带的前渊地区;而晚白垩纪-早第三纪再生前陆盆地却局限在川西盆地的南部,并且印-藏碰撞的持续挤压作用使得晚新生代构造变形不断向东扩展进入川西盆地南部。     

雪峰山西部中生代厚皮逆冲推覆构造样式与变形特征研究

雪峰山厚皮逆冲推覆构造带位于扬子地块东南缘,由南向北,主构造线走向由北北东向渐变为北东东向,形成向北西突出的弧形。构造带内基底新元古界板溪群大面积出露,这些基底出露的原因和构造方式是华南中生代大地构造分析的核心问题之一。以野外构造解析为基础,结合相关地球物理资料解释,对雪峰山西部逆冲推覆构造的构造样式与变形序列进行了系统的解析。结果表明,雪峰山构造带从印支期开始发育由南东向北西的大规模的逆冲推覆构造,逆冲断层在近地表向南东陡倾,向下逐渐收敛于基底内的滑脱断层之上。基底新元古界板溪群及早古生界均卷入了推覆构造,同时逆冲覆盖于中生代地层之上,形成厚皮构造,并造成了基底板溪群的大面积出露。     

川西龙门山褶皱冲断带分带性变形特征

通过野外地质考察和地震资料解释,将龙门山褶皱冲断带划分为5个构造带,即青川-茂汶断裂以西为松潘-甘孜构造带,青川-茂汶断裂与北川-映秀断裂之间为韧性变形带,北川-映秀断裂与马角坝-通济场-双石断裂之间为基底卷入冲断带,马角坝-通济场-双石断裂与广元-关口-大邑断裂之间为前缘-褶皱冲断带,广元-关口-大邑断裂以东为前陆坳陷带,在构造变形特征上,各条断裂在演化上具有前展式特征,在松潘-甘孜构造带和韧性变形带构造变形强烈,形成推覆构造带等构造变形样式,在前缘-褶皱冲断带和前陆坳陷带,变形强度较弱,形成背冲断块或断层相关褶皱等构造,西北部区域的变形表现为塑性变形特征,向南东方向渐变为塑-脆性变形和脆性变形,在剖面上各条断裂所形成的深度向盆地方向逐渐递减。龙门山褶皱冲断带的分带性变形特征是由多种因素共同影响的结果,这些因素主要有板块构造背景的决定作用、多套滑脱层的控制作用和岩性因素的制约作用。     

Structural Styles of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt and Evolution of the Foreland Basin in Western Sichuan Province, China

The Longmenshan thrust system consists of two major groups of structural styles according to the depth of their involvement: basement thrusts-compressional fault blocks; fold-thrust system in the cover. In cross-section, the Longmenshan structural belt is divided into 5 zones. The propagation of the Longmenshan thrust system is piggy-back due to pushing at the early stage and overstep due to gravity sliding at the late stage. Balanced cross-sections and palinspastic reconstruction reveal that the total sliding displacement of the thrust system amounts to 120 km. The tectonic evolution of the Tethys domain in western Sichuan has experienced 5 stages: continental break-up; ocean-continent subduction ; continent-arc collision; orogenic thrusting; uplift of western Sichuan.     

准噶尔盆地乌夏前陆冲断带构造活动-沉积响应

通过研究乌夏前陆冲断带二叠系构造层序特征、沉积相特征、断裂特征及最具断裂构造活动指向性的扇体发育特征,认为二叠纪构造演化受海西运动晚期的影响经历了强烈俯冲碰撞造山期、弱冲断夹短暂伸展火山期和强烈冲断复活期三个阶段,并形成了众多走向不同却又彼此相互切割叠加的逆冲断裂,影响着地层的沉积与剥蚀,控制着断裂带和扇体的形成和演化。结果表明由早至晚扇体由山前向盆内呈前展式夹短暂退覆式叠置迁移特点,相应地,二叠纪以形成北东向和北东东向断裂为主,并从山前向盆地方向依次发育,其间夹杂短暂的后展式发育,构造活动强度逐渐由北西向南东方向迁移。因此,绝大多数同生断裂控制了扇体的沉积边界和分布,部分控制了其厚度和发育方向,扇体的迁移与控扇断裂的活动迁移具有很好的吻合性,断裂活动是控制乌夏地区沉积的主要因素。结果表明:二叠纪时期乌夏地区主要发育水下扇—扇三角洲—冲积扇—湖泊沉积体系,从下至上经历了饥饿深水阶段、复理石阶段和磨拉石阶段构造,其中扇体发育代表了最典型的沉积特征。     

龙门山冲断带分段机理研究

前陆冲断带具有巨大的油气勘探潜力,构造分段性控制油气分布。龙门山冲断带构造分段特征明显,但对分段性的形成机理缺乏深入研究。总结前人砂箱模拟实验成果认为:盆地基底差异和推覆带附近刚性体分布的差异,是造成冲断带构造分段的主要原因。龙门山前川西古拗拉谷的发现,为盆地基底存在差异提供了有利证据,古拗拉谷两侧发育大邑古隆起、江油——老关庙古隆起,在后期逆冲推覆过程中形成阻挡。通过对龙门山推覆带基底特征和刚性地体进行分析,结合前人模拟实验结果,明确提出龙门山冲断带构造分段机理:龙门山北段构造的形成是以碧口地块为动力,龙门山初始裂谷边缘古隆起形成阻挡,在古隆起上方形成冲断带;中段以彭灌杂岩体[彭县——灌县(都江堰)杂岩体]传递动力,在川西古拗拉谷坳陷部位,刚性体挤入盆地内部,印支期——喜马拉雅期,古坳陷部位继承性地发展为川西前陆盆地;南段以宝兴杂岩体传递动力,在大邑古隆起上方形成冲断带。     

四川盆地米仓山前陆冲断带成藏条件分析

本文运用层序地层学、平衡剖面分析与缩短量计算和生烃史恢复等方法,从区域构造分析和地震剖面解释入手,通过野外地质调查、地震资料解释、典型剖面平衡剖面分析和缩短量计算,结合成藏条件的分析和生烃史恢复,探讨了米仓山前陆冲断带构造演化特征,揭示该带的成藏条件和天然气富集特征。提出了米仓山演化模式,认为米仓山前陆冲断带成藏条件优越,可供钻探的圈闭发育,天然气勘探潜力巨大,储层、保存条件是成藏关键。其中,二叠系为主要烃源岩,二叠系生屑灰岩和飞仙关组鲕粒灰岩为主要储集层,雷口坡组和嘉陵江组膏盐岩层为主要盖层。并且,冲断带构造演化的时序性表现为由西向东变形强度、缩短量变小,变形时间变晚,同时前陆盆地的不同构造单元间的相互关系发生变化,造成勘探目的层系、圈闭幅度、类型的相应变化。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘前陆冲断带二叠纪逆冲断裂活动的沉积响应

笔者从160口单井剖面、15条联井剖面及5个层位平面渐次展开了准噶尔西北缘前陆冲断带二叠纪逆冲断裂活动的沉积响应研究。各种成因扇体(冲积扇、水下扇、扇三角洲)在佳木河组和上乌尔禾组地层中最为发育，其沉积分布严格受不同时期活动的同生断裂控制。由早二叠世佳木河期至晚二叠世上乌尔禾期，扇体在克拉玛依-夏子街地区叠置程度较好，由盆缘向盆内迁移、推进明显；在车排子中拐地区叠置程度相对较差，局部略呈向盆缘老山收缩、后退趋势，表明红山嘴车排子断裂带与克拉玛依-百口泉断阶带、乌尔禾-夏子街断褶带逆冲活动的强度及地域迁移性有明显差异。二叠纪总体为一由弱到强的前展式推覆冲断及渐进式扇体迁移模式，即随同生控扇断裂由老山向盆缘的前展式推覆活动，相应地，各构造带扇体逐渐由盆缘向盆地方向发育、推进，扇体面积不断扩大，显示出明显的渐进式迁移的沉积响应，两者形成良好的耦合性。进而引入“活动性指数”的概念与方法，对前陆冲断带同生断裂的冲断活动强度进行了定量化统计分析，据二叠纪冲断推覆事件的地层、沉积标识，识别出3个逆冲推覆幕、7个逆冲推覆事件，划分出P1j-P1f、P2x—P2w、P3w三套构造层序，并指出在P1f、P2x及P2 3w各时期，由红山嘴-车排子→克拉玛依-百口泉→乌尔禾-夏子街构造带，同生断裂活动性趋于增强；在乌尔禾-夏子街断褶带，由早二叠世佳木河期到中、晚二叠世乌尔禾期，冲断推覆强度逐渐增大。     

The Uplift of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt and Subsidence of the West Sichuan Foreland Basin

Based on fission track dating of apatite, and measurement of vitrinite reflectance of rock samples from the Longmenshan (Longmen Mountain)area and the West Sichuan foreland basin and computer modelling it is concluded that (l)the Songpan-Garze fold belt has uplifted at least by 3-4 km with an uplift rate of no less than 0.3-0.4 mm/a since 10 Ma B.P.; (2) the Longmenshan thrust nappe belt has uplifted at least by 5-6 km with an uplift rate of more than 0.5- 0.6 mm /a since 10 Ma B.P.; (3) the Longmenshan detachment belt has uplifted by 1 - 2 km at a rate of 0.016-0.032 mm/a since 60 Ma B.P.; (4) the West Sichuan foreland basin has uplifted by 1.7-3 km at a rate of 0.028-0.05 mm/a since 60 Ma B.P.; (5) the uplift rate of the area on the west side of the Beichuan-Yingxiu-Xiaoguanzi fault for the last 10 Ma is 40 times as much as that on its east side; (6) the uplifting of the the Songpan - Garze fold belt and the subsidence of the West Sichuan foreland basin 60 Ma ago exhibit a mirro-image correlation, i.e     

Hydrodynamic Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Dabashan Foreland Thrust Belt,China

There are two plays in the Dabashan foreland tectonic belt: the upper and the lower plays. The lower play experienced one sedimentary hydrodynamic stage, two burial hydrodynamic stages, two tectonic hydrodynamic stages and two infiltration hydrodynamic stages from the Sinian to the Cenozoic, while the upper play had one sedimentary hydrodynamic stage, one burial hydrodynamic stage, two tectonic hydrodynamic stages and one infiltration hydrodynamic stage from the Permian to the Cenozoic. Extensive flows of both sedimentary water, including hydrocarbons, and deep mantle fluid occurred in the Chengkou faults during collision orogeny in the Middle-Late Triassic Indosinian orogeny, and fluid flow was complicated during intracontinental orogeny in the Middle-Late Jurassic. In addition to these movements, infiltration and movement of meteoric water took place in the Chengkou faults, whereas in the covering-strata decollement tectonic belt, extensive sedimentary water flow (including hydrocarbons) occurred mainly in the Zhenba and Pingba faults. During the stage of rapid uplift and exhumation from the Cretaceous to the Cenozoic, the fluid flow was characterized mainly by infiltration of meteoric water and gravity-induced flow caused by altitude difference, whereas sedimentary water flow caused by tectonic processes was relatively less significant. Sedimentary water flow was more significant to the lower play in hydrocarbon migration and accumulation during collision orogeny in the Middle-Late Triassic Indosinian orogeny, but its influence is relatively slight on the upper play. On one hand, hydrodynamics during intracontinental orogeny in the Middle-Late Jurassic adjusted, reformed or oven destroyed oil reservoirs in the lower play; on the other hand, it drove large amounts of hydrocarbons to migrate laterally and vertically and is favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation. Infiltration hydrodynamics mainly adjusted and destroyed oil reservoirs from the Cretaceous to the Cenozoic.     

南大巴山前陆冲断带中带构造样式及变形机制

南大巴山前陆冲断带自北向南发育了根带、中带和锋带三条构造带。通过对处于中带的木瓜口-明月乡、城口-龙田乡两段剖面地质考察,结果表明该剖面叠瓦断层带经历了七期运动:三期NE-SW向的前展式逆冲运动,一期SE-NW右旋剪切运动,一期EW逆冲右旋运动,一期NE-SW向的左旋走滑运动及NE-SW向的正断运动,同时受到NW-SE的右旋剪切作用。结合前人年代学研究结果,初步探讨了剖面的变形机制,研究结果对南大巴山前陆褶断带的构造格架、矿产形成及油气分布远景研究均有一定的指导作用。     

塔里木盆地阿恰构造带断裂构造分析

阿恰构造带位于塔里木盆地西部,主要由阿恰断裂和乔来买提断裂组成,构成了塔里木盆地次级构造单元阿瓦提凹陷和巴楚断隆分界线的西北段。通过地震资料解释,将阿恰断裂带分为西段、中段和东段3部分。西段为基底卷入型单断逆冲构造样式,断层倾向巴楚断隆;中段为"Y"字形基底卷入型逆冲构造样式,除倾向巴楚断隆的主冲断层外,还发育倾向相反的反冲断层,开始显现出楔状冲断构造的轮廓;东段为典型的楔状冲断构造,倾向巴楚断隆的主冲断层向上断至中寒武统,其冲断位移量完全被倾向阿瓦提凹陷的反冲断层吸收。同时,在阿恰断裂的西段和中段,断层上盘还发育第四纪正断层,而断裂东段不发育。研究认为阿恰断裂带主要存在两期断裂构造:深部基底卷入型逆冲断裂带和其上叠加的浅部正断层。前者形成于新近纪库车组沉积前,在库车组沉积期间持续活动,并在新近纪晚期定型;后者是本次研究首次发现的,形成于第四纪早中期,且只发育在阿恰断裂带的西段和中段。