青藏高原五道梁地区大气浑浊度的预测和分析

利用１９９３年８月￣１９９５年５月青藏高原王道梁地区ＭＳ－１２０型太阳光度表的预测资料,分析了该地区大气浑浊度的特征。结果表明：（１）该地区上空的大气洁净,受人类活动影响很小,其浑浊度状况与珠峰地区的绒布寺（５０００ｍ）及南极地区有相似的最级,但比城市地区要小一个数量组。（２）本区的大气浑浊度具有较明显的季节变化特征,但日变化不明显。（３）大气浑浊度不仅与地面大气状况（地面风向、风速、降水等气象因     

黑河地区大气沙尘对地面辐射能收支的影响

利用１９９１年２月下旬至５月中旬ＨＥＩＦＥ张掖绿洲和沙漠站大气浑浊度观测和地面辐射平衡各个分量观测资料,分析和估算了大气沙尘对地面辐射能收支的影响,晴天大气透过率和达地面的短波辐射与大气浑浊度系数有产好的负相关,大气军浊系数增大时透过率和地面总辐射减少,大气浑浊度系数增大０．１,地面总辐射减少１．３％～１．９％,４月大气浑浊度由０．１增大到０．６,正午时刻地面总辐射减少６７．６～８５．８Ｗ／ｍ＾２     

兰州冬季的大气浑浊度

1980年12月,我们用太阳光度表在兰州市的地面和625米高度处进行了同步测量大气浑浊度的观测。本文利用两个点的观测资料计算了厚度为625米的低层大气的浑浊度。主要结果是:(1)兰州冬季浑浊度高,12月份埃斯川姆浑浊度系数的平均值为0.44。73％的气溶胶粒子集中在低层大气。(2)低层大气和上层大气的浑浊度系数有不同的日变化规律。(3)低层大气和上层大气气溶胶粒子的大小相同。(4)浮尘天气具有浑浊度系数高和波长指数低的特征。(5)谷地内夜间是浑浊物的净积累期,白天是净消散期,夜间的积累常大于白天的消散,使大气浑浊度总是保持着较高的水平。(6)主要浑浊物源是人造源——煤烟。山谷地势和逆温是影响兰州大气浑浊度的两个突出的自然因素。     

青藏高原五道梁地区大气浑浊度的观测和分析

利用１９９３年８月～１９９５年５月青藏高原五道梁地区ＭＳ—１２０型太阳光度表的观测资料,分析了该地区大气浑浊度的特征。结果表明：（１）该地区上空的大气洁净,受人类活动影响很小,其浑浊度状况与珠峰地区的绒布寺（５０００ｍ）及南极地区有相似的量级,但比城市地区要小一个数量级。（２）本区的大气浑浊度具有较明显的季节变化特征,但日变化不明显。（３）大气浑浊度不仅与地面大气状况（地面风向、风速、降水等气象因子）关系密切,而且还与测站的地理环境等因素有关。     

平流层气溶胶浓度反常对于中国上空大气浑浊度的影响

基于1959—1970年五个站太阳直射辐射的观测资料对大气浑浊系数的变化作了评价。结果表明:阿贡山和随后的几个火山爆发导致了1963年秋季以后大气浑浊度的普遍增加,特别是在秋冬季节。进入六十年代末期,当北方的大气浑浊度已明显减少时,南方的大气浑浊度仍保持较高水平,说明平流层气溶胶的传播具有纬度效应。     

春季格陵兰海冰变化及与北大西洋涛动和北极涛动的联系

采用长序列(1903—1994年)GISST海冰面积和海表温度(SST)资料、NCEP／NCAR再分析资料等，分析了春季格陵兰海冰面积年代际变化特征及其同北大西洋海气变化的关系。结果表明：春季格陵兰海冰面积变化的主要特征可由海冰变化的EOF第一主分量表示。春季海冰变化与前冬NAO／AO以及冬春1—4月份北大西洋墨西哥湾流区SST具有明显的反相变化趋势，且均具有准60a的周期变化特征。海洋向大气的热量输送(感热、潜热)受到海冰变化的显著影响(冰多输送少)。海冰作为大气的冷源，也明显影响地表净辐射的变化。进而，春季海冰变化可影响后期的大气环流变化：海冰面积偏大(偏小)，冰岛低压和阿留申低压偏弱(偏强)，夏季北非和亚洲大陆的SLP明显偏低(偏高)，两大陆夏季热低压加强(减弱)。     

北京地区大气气溶胶浑浊度系数β值的气候变化特征

利用北京1958—1989年共32年逐日晴空直接辐射资料，计算了大气气溶胶浑浊度系数β值，并结合北京市场用煤资料、天气状况资料和火山爆发资料对β值的年变化及多年变化特征及其成因进行了分析和初步研究。结果表明，北京地区的β值在春季最大，秋末初冬最小；1958—1977年，北京地区β值变化缓慢，维持在0.08—0.12之间，1978年以后，β值有显著增大趋势；一般情况下，非采暖期的β值反而大于采暖期的β值。     

我国西北大气沙尘气溶胶的辐射效应

利用HEIFE地面辐射平衡观测资料和同期NOAA-11/AVHRR卫星遥感资料定量估算春季我国西北大气沙尘的辐射效应。大气沙尘减小地面净辐射冷却地面,对地-气系统和大气的辐射效应均与地表反照率有关,严重浑浊的沙尘大气在沙漠为短波加热和长波冷却,在绿洲则相反,但净效应都是加热。文中给出了4月大气浑浊度系数约由0.1增大到0.6,在沙漠和绿洲上空沙尘层（850～600 hPa）内大气的附加短波、长波和净加热/冷却率。     

云南大气环境容量系数变化特征及未来变化趋势预估

使用云南1961-2015年气象观测资料,基于A值法对云南大气环境容量系数的变化特征及其成因进行分析,并利用4个城市的空气综合污染指数研究了大气环境容量系数与城市空气质量之间的关系,结果表明：(1)1961-2015年云南年平均大气环境容量系数呈减小趋势,大气自净能力不断下降。(2)平均风速减小是近年来云南大气环境容量系数减小的主要原因。(3)在多数情况下,大气环境容量系数与城市空气质量具有较好的反向变化关系。利用RegCM4区域气候模式对2016-2050年云南大气环境容量系数进行预估,结果表明,在模式模拟的RCP4.5(RCP8.5)情景下,云南年平均、春季、秋季的大气环境容量系数呈增大(减小)趋势,夏季与冬季则表现为减小(增大)趋势。     

青藏高原大气热量源汇年际变化青藏高原大气热量源汇年际变化

本文使用1961～1995年逐月青藏高原地区大气视热量源汇＜Ql＞资料、1961～1990年青藏高原地区积雪日数和积雪深度资料、美国NCEP／NCAR的再分析资料以及1975～1994年全球OLR资料，讨论了高原大气热状况年际变化及其与大气环流的关系，发现：高原地区大气热源年际变化明显，其中春季和秋季高原地区＜Ql＞的变率最大，并且水平分布很不均匀；当冬季高原冷源弱(或强)时，东亚大槽位置偏东(或西)，对应着东亚强(或弱)的冬季风；夏季高原热源强(或弱)的年份，在高原及其邻近地区的对流层中、低层为偏差气旋环流(或反气旋环流)，在中国长江流域低层为异常的西南风(或东北风)，对应着东亚强(或弱)的夏季风，夏季高原热源强度还与南亚高压的强度和位置有关；春季4月的积雪状况与夏季高原大气热源强度有明显关系；夏季高原热源与同期青藏高原东南部、孟加拉湾、中南半岛、东南亚、中国西南部、长江流域和从黄海到到日本海一带对流有明显正相关     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.