L形截面钢管混凝土异形柱正截面非线性分析

以钢筋混凝土梁设计原理作为依据,给出了L形截面钢管混凝土异形柱正截面的非线性分析方法。根据基本假定建立了L形截面钢管混凝土异形柱截面弯矩-曲率关系计算公式,并利用MATLAB语言编制了求解程序,根据得到的加载-破坏全过程弯矩-曲率关系分析构件的加载-变形特性。利用程序对不同截面、混凝土标号、钢材强度和钢管面积下的弯矩-曲率曲线进行了对比分析。     

钢筋混凝土构件率相关恢复力模型研究

通过钢筋混凝土构件的动态试验,研究不同加载速率下的钢筋混凝土梁柱力学特性。考虑屈服强度、极限强度和刚度的动力效应,引入损伤因子,并考虑混凝土损伤对卸载刚度的影响,建立了钢筋混凝土构件率相关的三折线恢复力模型。利用有限元分析软件模拟钢筋混凝土构件的动态试验,对比模拟结果与试验结果得出：考虑应变率效应和混凝土损伤对卸载刚度的影响,能够更好地反映构件的动力特性。对一平面框架结构模型进行不同加载速率下的动态分析,研究加载速率对结构动力反应的影响,结果表明,随着加载速率的增大,结构模型各构件的强度和刚度增大,结构模型整体抗侧移刚度增强,水平位移减小。     

H形断面钢筋混凝土立体剪力墙的非线性动力响应分析

为了建立统一的动力响应分析模型,本文以NUPEC振动台试验的H形断面钢筋混凝土立体剪力墙为研究对象进行了三维非线性有限元动力响应分析。根据分析结果与试验结果的比较可知,在RC剪力墙到达最大承载力之前由简化模型和一般模型得到的动力响应特性与试验结果吻合较好,荷载-变形关系能很好模拟试验结果。但是,最大承载力之后,由于混凝土开裂、损伤、劣化的急剧发展,较难模拟混凝土开裂、裂缝的开闭及滑移等非线性特性,分析得到的加速度衰减较慢、位移响应较小。基于上述研究成果探讨并提出了进一步改善非线性有限元动力响应分析精度的建议。     

基于缝宽-滑移理论的铝合金配筋混凝土梁粘结性能研究

铝合金筋与混凝土的粘结性能是影响铝合金配筋新型混凝土梁承载力的重要因素。对9根铝合金配筋混凝土梁和2根钢筋混凝土对比梁进行了静载试验,分析混凝土梁在加载过程中的裂缝发展情况,基于缝宽-滑移理论研究试验梁的粘结性能。研究结果表明:同级荷载作用下,钢筋混凝土梁的裂缝宽度小于铝合金配筋混凝土梁,钢筋与混凝土的粘结性能优于铝合金与混凝土的粘结性能;混凝土梁中纵筋所受拉力,实质上是混凝土开裂后,单元体内部粘结力的合力;纵筋与混凝土的粘结滑移量与粘结力直接相关,可通过代数和微积分计算得到二者的对应关系。     

加载频率对铅合金减震器动力特性的影响

铅合金减震器是一种适用于电瓷型电气设备的新型减震器,其动力特性对减震效果有重要影响.根据断路器等电气设备的特点,定制了相应的铅合金减震器.通过铅合金减震器滞回特性试验,研究了加载频率对其动力特性的影响.同时以不同加载频率下得到的骨架曲线作为材料的本构关系,研究了加载频率对单自由度体系弹塑性地震反应的影响.研究表明:在相同输入下,采用不同本构关系的单自由度体系,其相对位移峰值、永久位移及塑性耗能均有较大差异,应重视加载频率对铅合金减震器动力特性的影响.     

基于频响函数的高阻尼混凝土悬臂梁试验分析

本文对两根分别为普通C35混凝土悬臂梁及高阻尼混凝土悬臂梁进行了拟静力加载和锤击振动测试的交叉试验。基于结构频响函数,研究高阻尼混凝土悬臂梁基本频率与阻尼比随损伤的变化趋势;考察悬臂梁在不同损伤阶段的裂缝开展情况,建立悬臂梁弯曲动刚度与损伤之间的关系;通过各锤击点不同损伤阶段的频响函数,考察悬臂梁的动刚度退化情况。研究表明:随着控制位移的增加,两悬臂梁构件基本频率均逐渐减小,第一阶阻尼比则先增大后减小;高阻尼混凝土悬臂梁在屈服点后阻尼比显著高于普通混凝土;混凝土悬臂梁动力特性随损伤的关系与悬臂梁裂缝数量、裂缝宽度及塑性发展密切相关。     

循环荷载下MCFT混凝土结构模型

本文将单调荷载下MCFT模型发展到循环荷载并开发到通用有限元软件ABAQUS上,循环荷载下的MCFT模型是由单调荷载下的混凝土拉压曲线结合本文设定的混凝土加载卸载路径而成,编制的ABAQUS程序可以分析钢筋混凝土平面应力结构受循环荷载作用的非线性性能。通过柱、梁、剪力墙以及框架边、内节点实例分析,验证本文编制的程序对多种类型的结构分析都具有有效性。得出的主要结论是本文编制的程序可以准确计算循环荷载作用下钢筋混凝土结构的极限承载能力,数值分析的滞回曲线能很好地模拟出试验曲线的捏拢效果,表明本文方法对ABAQUS自带模型的改进是明显的。     

Hilbert-Huang变换在提取地震信号动力特性中的应用

H ilbert-Huang变换(HHT)是一种处理非线性、非平稳信号的新方法。它通过经验模态分解将信号分解为有限个固有模态函数,并对每个固有模态函数进行H ilbert变换得到H ilbert谱。本文将这种方法应用于地震信号动力特性的提取,有效地获得了信号能量的时频分布,量化提取了中心频率、瞬时相位、瞬时能量、H ilbert能量、最大振幅对应的时频分布等动力特性,并与Fourier变换、小波变换等进行了比较,显示了HHT的优势以及对于进一步实现结构分析和控制的重要意义。     

地震作用下边坡动力响应及影响因素研究

利用ANSYS有限元软件建立了边坡数值模型,并结合汶川地震实例分析了边坡的共振特性、动力响应变化以及地震动三要素对边坡动力响应的影响,对汉源县高烈度异常现象从共振的原因做出了解释。通过分析发现:边坡的共振主要由前5阶固有频率被激发引起,坡体阻尼和地震波频率对共振作用有显著影响。边坡体对输入地震波低频部分存在放大作用,对高频能量具有滤波作用。坡体加速度和位移响应随高程增加而增大,沿水平方向从左至右,位移减小,加速度先增后减。坡体峰值加速度放大系数随频率的增加而减小,随持时变化不明显;坡体位移随振幅和持时增加而增大,随频率增大而减小;弹性范围内,加速度和位移动力响应绝对量随振幅增大呈明显的线性增长关系,而位移、加速度放大系数保持不变;坡面陡坎处动力响应突变效应明显。     

基于OpenSees平台的钢管混凝土结构力学性能数值模拟

基于非线性纤维梁-柱单元理论,以OpenSees为求解平台分别进行了钢管混凝土结构滞回曲线计算和弹塑性动力时程分析等数值模拟,计算结果与试验吻合良好。钢管内核心混凝土采用考虑钢管约束效应的应力—应变关系,钢材采用随动强化本构模型。在传统纤维模型法的基础上,通过直接在截面层次定义非线性剪切恢复力的方法建立了考虑非线性剪切效应的剪力墙结构数值模型,结果表明该模型能较好地模拟组合剪力墙的抗剪承载力、捏缩效应以及刚度退化等力学性能。对输入不同地震波下钢管混凝土框架体系的动力时程分析表明,基于OpenSees求解平台的非线性纤维模型法能够较好地模拟钢管混凝土框架结构的非线性动力特性。     

Dynamic nonlinear response of pile foundations under vertical vibration—Theory versus experiment

The influence of nonlinearity on the dynamic response of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete piles subjected to strong vertical excitation was studied. Forced vibration test of single piles (L/d=10, 15, 20) and 2×2 pile groups (s/d=2, 3, 4 for each L/d) were conducted in the field for two different embedded conditions of pile cap. From the measured nonlinear response curves, the effective pile–soil system mass, stiffness and damping were determined and the nonlinear response curves were back-calculated using the theory of nonlinear vibration. The test results were compared with the continuum approach of Novak with dynamic interaction factor approach using both linear and linear-equivalent numerical methods. Reasonable match between the measured and predicted response was found for linear-equivalent methods by introducing a weak boundary-zone around the pile to approximately account for the nonlinear behaviour of pile–soil system. The test data were used to establish the empirical relationship in order to estimate the extent of soil separation around the pile with soil under vertical vibration.     

钢筋混凝土梁正截面率相关特性分析

根据混凝土单轴动力特性试验,对规范给出的混凝土应力—应变关系表达式进行了修正,引入了应变率的影响,并利用修正的表达式对钢筋混凝土梁的开裂弯矩、开裂曲率、极限弯矩和极限曲率进行了数值分析。分析考虑2种情况：①只考虑混凝土的动态特性;②既考虑混凝土的动态特性,也考虑钢筋的动态特性。结果表明,对于适筋梁,混凝土的动态特性对梁的开裂弯矩、开裂曲率、极限弯矩和极限曲率的影响很小,但是钢筋的动态特性的影响比较大;而对于超筋梁,混凝土的动态特性和钢筋的动态特性对梁的开裂弯矩、开裂曲率、极限弯矩和极限曲率都有显著影响。     

Collapse of a nonductile concrete frame: Evaluation of analytical models

The current paper presents nonlinear dynamic analyses that simulate shaking table tests performed on a four‐column reinforced concrete frame described in a companion paper. The frame consists of two ductile and two nonductile columns interconnected by a stiff beam. In order to validate existing analytical models for nonductile concrete columns, a blind comparison of the test data and results of the analysis is performed. The analysis adequately captures the drift response and correctly detects collapse of the structure; however, strength degradation due to cover spalling is exaggerated in the analytical model. Refinement of the analysis by changing the concrete cover model results in an excellent agreement between the test data and analysis results at the initiation of shear failure and collapse of the frame. The experimental data are further compared with lumped‐plasticity nonlinear models used in engineering practice. The results suggest that the sudden strength degradation used in ASCE/SEI 41‐06 results in an exaggerated estimate of the displacement demands. It is also observed that ignoring the strength degradation, using an elastic‐perfectly‐plastic model, provides a good estimate of the displacement demands when strength degradation is not severe. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A study on the seismic performance of steel‐reinforced concrete frame‐concrete core wall high‐rise mixed structure by large‐scale shaking table tests and numerical simulations

This paper reports a study for the seismic performance of one large‐scaled (1/15) model of 30‐story steel‐reinforced concrete frame‐concrete core wall mixed structure. The study was implemented by both shaking table tests, in which the similarity ratio for lateral and gravitational accelerations was kept to 1:1, and numerical nonlinear dynamic analysis. The test observations presented herein include story displacement, interstory drift, natural vibration periods, and final failure mode. The numerical analysis was performed to simulate the shaking table test procedure, and the numerically obtained responses were verified by the test results. On the basis of the numerical results, the progressions of structural stiffness, base shear, and overturning moment were investigated, and the distributions of base shear and overturning moment between frame and core wall were also discussed. The test demonstrates the seismic performance of the steel‐reinforced concrete frame‐core wall mixed structure and reveals the potential overturning failure mode for high rise structures. The nonlinear analysis results indicate that the peripheral frames could take more shear forces after core wall damaged under severe earthquakes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

移动荷载下高速铁路轨道-路基的动位移分析

建立精细化的足尺轨道-路基-地基耦合系统非线性数值分析模型,考虑岩土材料的非线性应力-应变关系、路基填筑完成后的静应力状态对其后动力计算的影响、底座板底面与路基基床表层表面之间的动力相互作用,模拟轨道与路基系统的建造过程和与8辆编组动车组轮对相对应的荷载以350 km/h的速度的移动过程。结果显示,以实体单元模拟钢轨能获得更符合事实的钢轨空间振动响应,比采用梁单元更具优势;路基各层底面的动位移具有随时间和空间变化的特征;沿路基断面横向,不同时刻的竖向动位移在轨道板宽度范围内的最大波动值约0.04 mm,可认为均匀分布;沿深度方向,竖向动位移在不同时刻的分布相似,按照指数函数衰减,最大值约为0.8 mm,小于我国高速铁路3.5 mm的控制标准;沿线路纵向,竖向动位移峰值出现的位置与该时刻移动荷载所处的空间位置对应,在同一深度条件下,不同时刻的竖向动位移分布形态相似;基床底层底面以上,同一转向架上前后轮对对应的荷载引起的竖向动位移具有可观的叠加效应。     

Quantitative approach for damage detection of reinforced concrete frames

The objective of this paper is to provide an analytical basis for the quantitative evaluation of damage to a reinforced concrete structure based on the vibration data obtained by using the damage detection technique. A partial reinforced concrete system of a weak beam/strong column moment frame is chosen as an example. A pushover analysis is carried out in order to numerically examine both the story shear-relative displacement characteristics and the associated damage level. In the analysis, a two dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis is employed considering several constitutive models. As a result, the degradation of the stiffness at the damaged story is characterized in association with the story relative displacement. It is also pointed out that the rotation angle of the column-base is highly correlated with the story relative displacement. Based on the analytical findings, quantitative approaches for a structural health monitoring system are suggested considering both the current sensor technologies and those available in the future. Supported by: Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Base Research (c) (1), Research No. 14550555)     

Shaking table test and numerical simulation of a 1/2‐scale self‐centering reinforced concrete frame

Self‐centering reinforced concrete frames are developed as an alternative of traditional seismic force‐resisting systems with better seismic performance and re‐centering capability. This paper presents an experimental and computational study on the seismic performance of self‐centering reinforced concrete frames. A 1/2‐scale model of a two‐story self‐centering reinforced concrete frame model was designed and tested on the shaking table in State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering at Tongji University to evaluate the seismic behavior of the structure. A structural analysis model, including detailed modeling of beam–column joints, column–base joints, and prestressed tendons, was constructed in the nonlinear dynamic modeling software OpenSEES. Agreements between test results and numerical solutions indicate that the designed reinforced concrete frame has satisfactory seismic performance and self‐centering capacity subjected to earthquakes; the self‐centering structures can undergo large rocking with minor residual displacement after the earthquake excitations; the proposed analysis procedure can be applied in simulating the seismic performance of self‐centering reinforced concrete frames. To achieve a more comprehensive evaluation on the performance of self‐centering structures, research on energy dissipation devices in the system is expected. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of reinforcement slippage on the non‐linear response under cyclic loadings of RC frame structures

This paper discusses the importance of including the bond‐slip effects in assessing the response under cyclic loads of reinforced concrete frames. The discussion is based on analyses performed using numerical models which are simple, computationally efficient and capable of representing the salient features of reinforced concrete frames under both static and dynamic loads. The numerical models comprise a displacement‐based, reinforced concrete frame element with bond‐slip and a rigid beam column joint element with bond‐slip. Two applications illustrate the model accuracy and show the importance of including bond‐slip. The first application considers a reinforced concrete beam‐column subassemblage experimentally tested under cyclic loads. The second application considers the shaking table test of a two‐story one‐bay reinforced concrete frame In both cases the analytical results correlate well with the experimental results in terms of strength, displacement demands and hysteretic energy dissipation. Furthermore, the paper shows how the analyses that include bond‐slip yield a better correlation with the experimental results with respect to the analyses that assume a perfect bond. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of types of reinforcement on plastic hinge rotation parameters of RC beams under pushover and cyclic loading

Experimental evaluation of reinforced concrete beam specimens with different characteristics of reinforcement subjected to pushover and cyclic loading is presented.Plastic hinge rotation parameters are determined based on the idealization of pushover and hysteresis curves of reinforced concrete beam specimens constructed in two percentage of reinforcement(0.471%and 0.71%) with different ductile characteristics.The experimental test results provide a clear demarcation of the effect of types of loading and the types of reinforcement on the nonlinear performance characteristics of beam specimens.These results are helpful to update the nonlinear modeling parameters of beam components for the specific type of reinforcement used in the construction of a structure.The updated non-linear modeling parameters of beam components in lumped plasticity model are compared with the values of ASCE/SEI 41-06(2007) used for the performance based design of structures.     

Earthquake vulnerability of school buildings: Probabilistic structural fragility analyses

The study presents probabilistic structural fragility assessment of public school buildings in Istanbul, which were constructed based on a standardized/typical project. The typical structure is a four-story, reinforced concrete shear wall building with moment resisting frames. Derivation of fragility functions rely on nonlinear dynamic analyses through Monte Carlo simulations. Nonlinear dynamic analyses are initially performed for a fully deterministic structural model based on the blueprints of the typical school building project. Uncertainties are introduced in different analysis cases following a modified version of the algorithm presented in Smyth et al. (2004) [21], which considers the effect of the random distribution of the parameters using a Monte Carlo approach. Aleatory uncertainties concerning material properties (i.e. compressive strength of concrete, yield strength of reinforcing steel and concrete density), geometrical characteristics (i.e. span lengths and story heights) and cross sectional dimensions of beams, columns and shear walls as well as epistemic uncertainty in the direction of ground motion excitation are considered. Statistical distributions for the parameters considered are obtained from in-situ measurements and material sampling tests. Fragility functions are produced in terms of peak ground acceleration and velocity as well as of the elastic spectral displacement at the first vibration period of the building. Mean damage ratios are calculated from the derived fragility functions. They are further compared to mean damage ratios calculated for similar building typologies provided in HAZUS-MH technical manual and in Istanbul building inventory.