滇西南墨江金厂金镍矿床金、镍赋存状态及成矿过程探讨

墨江金厂金镍矿床位于滇西南哀牢山造山带中段,是西南三江地区一个独特的金镍共生矿床。笔者通过野外地矿物主要为针镍矿、辉砷镍矿、锑硫镍矿、黄铁矿等。依据矿(化)脉切割关系、矿石结构构造及矿物共生组合,墨江金厂金镍矿床成岩-成矿期共发育4个世代黄铁矿。沉积变质期以草莓状黄铁矿和胶状黄铁矿为主,热液成矿期可划分为:早阶段石英-针镍矿-辉砷镍矿-锑硫镍矿-黄铁矿;主阶段石英-黄铁矿-毒砂-硫锑铜银矿-自然金;晚阶段方解石-石英-黄铁矿。对矿区赋金镍贯通性矿物黄铁矿进行详细的电子探针分析,结果显示4个世代黄铁矿微量元素有所差异。其中热液主阶段黄铁矿中含有Au、As、Sb、Pb、Zn、Cu、Co、Ni和Te,显示其流体成分复杂。不同阶段黄铁矿Ni含量不同,沉积变质期黄铁矿中Ni含量较低,为0.00%~0.82%,平均0.26%;热液早阶段黄铁矿中Ni含量最高,为0.43%~3.15%,平均1.38%;热液主阶段黄铁矿中Ni含量降低,为0.00%~0.99%,平均0.22%;热液晚阶段黄铁矿中Ni含量最低,为0.00%~0.09%,平均0.03%。研究结果表明墨江金厂金镍矿床中主要含金矿物和含镍矿物形成于热液期,含金矿物形成晚于含镍矿物。Ni在热液流体中的迁移能力与流体温度正相关,温度越高,Ni进入黄铁矿晶格的能力越强。基于上述金、镍成矿过程研究成果,并对比国内外热液镍矿床的地质-地球化学特征,推断墨江金厂金镍矿床是一个受岩浆热液改造的中-低温热液金镍矿床。     

黑龙江金厂铜金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

金厂铜金矿床是中国东北的一个特大型矿床,大地构造位置处于兴蒙造山带东缘,成矿时代集中于110～ 130Ma.金厂铜金矿床矿体类型主要为角砾岩型和裂控型.角砾岩型矿(化)体以J-1矿体为代表,产于穷棒子沟Ⅰ号角砾岩筒内,为典型的隐爆角砾岩筒,全筒矿化,与围岩界限清楚.矿区内角砾岩型矿体常成群成串出现,东西走向具等间距分布特征.裂控型矿体包括环形和放射状矿体,环形矿体以Ⅱ和18号脉群为代表,放射状矿体以Ⅲ脉群为代表.Ⅱ脉群处于裂控型矿体的上部,18号脉群处于Ⅱ脉群的下部,矿体呈层状或脉状分布,在剖面上具“背形”分布特征,环形矿体由内向外存在矿化分带现象.金厂铜金矿床产于太平洋板块俯冲产生的陆缘弧环境,其流体性质及成矿物质来源均与深部岩浆岩有关,角砾岩型矿体和裂控型矿体均具有斑岩型矿床的成矿特征.     

西藏雄村矿集区侏罗纪斑岩磷灰石矿物化学特征对新特提斯洋俯冲成矿作用的指示

雄村矿集区位于西藏冈底斯成矿带南缘,区内成矿作用与新特提斯洋俯冲作用有关,现已勘查评价了一个大型还原性斑岩铜金矿床(I号矿体)和一个大型氧化性斑岩型铜金矿床(Ⅱ号矿体)。为了查明引起I、Ⅱ号矿体成矿特征差异的原因和含矿斑岩的区别标志,本文选取I、Ⅱ号矿体含矿斑岩和非含矿斑岩中磷灰石为研究对象,通过对三套斑岩磷灰石单矿物的挑选、阴极发光照相(CL)和电子探针分析(EMPA),提出了磷灰石中Cl含量受控于共存硅酸盐熔体组分,I、Ⅱ号矿体含矿斑岩比非含矿斑岩具有更高的Cl/F(分别为0.76、0.26、0.07),高的Cl含量对促进Cu、Au的溶解和迁移具有重要作用的新认识;含矿斑岩磷灰石高Cl低S指示金属元素Cu、Au可能以Cl的络合物为主进行迁移([CuCl_2]~–、[CuCl]~0、[AuCl_2]~–);I、Ⅱ号矿体含矿斑岩氧逸度低于非含矿斑岩,含矿斑岩较低的氧逸度可能指示成矿过程可能发生了结晶硫化物相的预富集;雄村矿集区I、Ⅱ号矿体含矿斑岩磷灰石与非含矿斑岩相比具有更高的Mn、Ca、Cl含量,更低的Si、S、F含量,可以作为含矿斑岩的判别标志,对指导区域与新特提斯洋俯冲有关的斑岩型铜金矿床找矿突破有重要义。     

哀牢山长安金矿成因机制及动力学背景初探：来自LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和黄铁矿原位微量元素测定的证据

长安金矿床是哀牢山成矿带南段大型矿床之一,金矿化位于志留系、奥陶系之间发育的不整合面内,矿体整体呈透镜状。矿区内脉岩广布,矿体与脉岩共生或被脉岩切穿,表明金成矿与金沙江-哀牢山新生代富碱斑岩的侵入关系密切。本文在较为详细的野外观察基础上,对侵入矿体内的脉岩进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年表明,细晶正长岩脉和正长斑岩的成岩年龄分别为32.5±0.1Ma和33.0±0.1Ma,与哀牢山的新生代富碱斑岩金多金属矿床的成矿时代(34±2Ma)基本一致。通过对长安金矿床、铜厂铜钼金矿床、长安冲铜钼金矿床中黄铁矿的LA-ICP-MS原位微量元素分析,发现黄铁矿中成矿元素含量随Co/Ni比值的下降而上升,呈一定的负相关性,可能指示其成矿物质主要来源于岩浆流体。结合前人的研究成果,表明喜山期强烈的壳幔作用导致大规模的富碱岩浆上侵,不仅为含矿流体的上升提供了动力和热能,而且还是成矿物质和成矿流体的主要来源。     

烧锅营子金矿黄铁矿的化学成分标型特征

烧锅营子金矿床的黄铁矿形成于早、中、晚3期,是主要的矿石矿物和载金矿物,其中以中期黄铁矿为最主要的载金者.黄铁矿的化学成分为:TFe43.34%~45.52%,S46.58%~48.86%,与标准黄铁矿相比显示亏铁、亏硫特点.黄铁矿内含丰富的微量元素,有Au、Ag、As、Sb、Bi、Cu、Zn、Pb、Co、Ni、W、Mo、Se等.其中Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Bi含量较高,而As、Sb低,Se极低.其Au/Ag(多大于0.5)、(Cu+Pb+Zn)/(Co+Ni+As)(4.26)、Co/Ni(>> 1)比值表明其属中温岩浆热液矿床.     

西藏雄村矿区Ⅰ号矿体斑岩含矿性研究——来自热液蚀变矿物和副矿物的证据

西藏雄村矿区是南冈底斯成矿带侏罗纪成矿作用的重大找矿突破,目前已发现了Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号铜(金)矿体。为了查明斑岩体矿物学特征与矿化之间的关系,本文以Ⅰ号铜(金)矿体(原雄村铜矿床)含矿斑岩为研究对象,根据电子探针和矿物产出状态分析,Ⅰ号铜(金)矿体含矿斑岩中黑云母、白云母、红柱石、金红石皆为热液蚀变的产物,钾长石除少数为岩浆成因外,多数为热液成因。石英闪长玢岩发育大量的深成磁黄铁矿,未见硬石膏结晶、钛铁矿含量大于磁铁矿、斑岩体中磷灰石SO3含量低(≤0.03%)、成矿流体富CH4等证据显示雄村Ⅰ号铜(金)矿体岩浆-流体氧逸度低,可能为还原性斑岩型铜矿床。利用金红石的Zr温度计计算出金红石的结晶温度为622~762℃,该温度反映了钾硅酸盐化蚀变中晚期温度。金红石中V2O5含量平均值0.42%、粒度较大,黑云母富镁、富钾、贫钙、高氟等特征指示了较好的铜矿化。     

硫铟铜矿在福建紫金山铜金矿床的发现及深部找矿意义

硫铟铜矿(CuInS2)是一种罕见的铟独立矿物,在中国未曾报道过。在研究福建紫金山铜金矿床深部矿石矿物组成时,首次发现了硫铟铜矿。硫铟铜矿通常见于中高温热液矿床,紫金山铜金矿床东南矿段铜矿体中出现了硫钨锡铜矿、硫钼锡铜矿、硫铁锡铜矿、硫砷锡铜矿、锡砷硫钒铜矿、似黄锡矿、辉钼矿等高温矿物,指示紫金山矿床深部成矿温度较高,成矿流体中In、Sn、Pb、Zn、Mo、W含量较高,具有斑岩型等中高温热液成矿系统的找矿潜力。     

庐江沙溪斑岩型铜金矿床绿泥石的地球化学特征及找矿指示

文章在前人对岛弧环境斑岩型矿床绿泥石主微量元素找矿指示研究的基础上,以陆内环境的长江中下游成矿带中的沙溪斑岩型铜金矿床为对象,利用LA-ICP-MS技术对沙溪斑岩型铜金矿床中绿泥石进行了主微量元素研究。结果显示,绿泥石中Ti、Ba、Co、K、Pb、Sr、Fe、V/Ni靠近矿化中心的位置含量高,Mn、Mg元素远离矿化中心的位置含量高。沙溪斑岩型铜金矿床中绿泥石元素含量分布主要受温度、被交代矿物、流体pH值和氧化还原环境、围岩性质影响。受交代矿物的影响,绿泥石中的有些元素(Si、Na、Mg、K、Al)的含量高低不能直接对矿化中心进行指示,但沙溪斑岩型铜金矿床绿泥石部分元素(Ti、Ba、Co、Pb、Sr、Fe)和元素比值(V/Ni)具有指示矿化中心的作用。     

黑龙江金厂金矿床J0 号矿体地球化学特征及其找矿

黑龙江地区金厂金矿床是以爆破角砾岩筒型矿化为主体的特大型岩金矿床,以矿区J0号爆破角砾岩筒型矿体为主要对象,通过对其6 个不同标高水平的岩、矿石微量元素地球化学分析,探讨了该类矿体地球化学特征。结果表明,在所分析的12 种元素中,Hg、As、Sb 异常多出现于金矿体顶部及上方; Ag、Pb、Zn、Cu 异常主要出现于金矿体中部; 而Ni、Mo、W、Co 异常主要发育于矿体尾部和下方。这些元素岩石地球化学异常分布特点可以用于金厂矿区爆破角砾岩筒的含矿性评价及深部找矿前景预测分析。     

狮子山矿田矽卡岩型金矿铋矿物与金矿化关系研究

包村和朝山金矿床位于安徽铜陵狮子山矿田，成因上属于矽卡岩型金矿。矿相学鉴定和电子探针分析结果表明，两矿床中的铋矿物以自然铋、辉铋矿为主，其次为碲铋矿、硫铜铋矿、辉铋铅矿等；铋矿物作为主要载金矿物．与自然金紧密共生；包村矿区Bi-Au相关系数为0．69，铋矿物与金矿化关系非常密切。成矿流体相分离引起的热液硫逸度fs2降低，可能是黑铋金矿分解成金和铋，并最终导致金与铋矿物密切共生的主要原因。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861