精确时空立体景观虚拟现实的构建与应用方法研究

本文提出一种适应人眼双目立体视觉的、可以精确进行三维量测的虚拟现实系统概念 ,阐述了这种系统的社会需求、理论依据和构建技术 ,特别详细讨论了人造立体视觉所应遵循的几何物理条件 ,三维模型数据获取方法、立体模型显示与立体观测方法、以及虚景与实景叠加等技术问题 ,并给出相应的解决方案 ,列出了应用成功的范例     

基于遥感及GIS的精确时空虚拟现实研究

本文探讨了GIS支持下遥感影像精确时空建模及其虚拟现实的理论和方法。描述了自然景观对象的时空表达、精确时空模型单元的基本关系 ,阐述了基于遥感和GIS的时空模型可视化一般理论 ,及时空数据库支持下真实景观的影像模拟方法 ,最后给出了目前研究存在的若干技术问题     

北斗卫星信号实时单站电离层估计算法及性能分析

在研究已有实时电离层估计方法的基础上,提出了顾及硬件延迟偏差的实时单站电离层总电子含量估计方法。利用该方法对位于湖北省内的8个测站C}PB和北斗实测数据进行模拟实时的处理,将估计结果与全球电离层格网模型进行对比分析,GPB和北斗的估计结果其量值及变化趋势与全球电离层格网模型插值结果都较为一致,其中GPB的误差保持在4 TECU (1 TECU= 1016 m-2` ) 之内,北斗的误差保持在4 TECU之内。实验表明,该方法可以很好地实现实时单站电离层估计,独立利用北斗卫星导航系统信号可以实现电离层活动监测。     

GNSS多系统实时对流层延迟估计及影响因素分析

为研究ZTD估计精度影响因素,使用PPP算法模型进行ZTD估计,分别使用德国地学研究中心和法国空间研究中心提供的实时和事后精密卫星产品实现ZTD解算,并针对功率谱密度、不同卫星产品、PPP解算方式(固定解或浮点解)、多系统融合解算、实施完好性监测和卫星可观测数量6个ZTD解算影响因素进行分析验证。实验使用12个欧洲IGS站,17个澳洲IGS站观测数据按照不同数据处理策略进行解算,得到了不同条件下ZTD解算结果,将解算得到的ZTD估值与IGS的ZTD产品进行对比和统计分析,得到影响ZTD解算的主要因素及利于提高ZTD解算精度的条件,以便利于后续进行实时ZTD高精度解算研究。     

地理矿情时空信息管理平台的构建及应用

为了更加全面、有效地掌握矿区或矿业城市与资源开发利用密切相关的自然、人文地理要素的空间分布特征、动态演化规律等一系列地理矿情信息,根据地理矿情监测的内容和需求,通过对目前矿区专题要素的分析,提出了一种建设地理矿情专题要素本地库的方法,并结合空间数据库和面向服务的GIS技术构建了地理矿情时空信息管理平台,为加快矿山信息化建设和开展地理矿情监测奠定了基础。     

基于重庆CORS的水汽电离层实时监测方法研究及平台构建

研究了基于精密单点定位(PPP)的大气可降水量(PWV)反演方法及基于像素基的三维电离层层析方法,结合重庆CORS及IGS实时服务产品(RTS)构建了区域水汽电离层监测平台,平台可实时提供高时空分辨率的水汽二维、电离层二维及三维产品,并实现了WEB在线发布.平台拓展了重庆CORS服务领域,对于监测短时突发的天气现象、研究电离层精细形态变化具有重要意义.      

淤泥质潮滩水边线提取的遥感研究及DEM构建——以长江口九段沙为例

淤泥质潮滩通常是测绘"盲区"。本文讨论采用多时相陆地卫星提取潮滩水边线以此构建潮滩数字高程模型(DEM)的方法。探讨在不同潮情条件下,各光谱波段对淤泥质潮滩水边线判断的敏感性,分析表明沙质海岸与淤泥质海岸水边线的确定方法有较大差别。采用了GIS技术对提取的水边线赋予相应的高程值,该值采用研究区附近潮位站理论潮位推算卫星过境的瞬时潮位值,以此构建潮滩DEM,与近期实测资料进行对比:在106.2 cm-358.6 cm高程范围内,二者相对误差<0.5 m的区域占总面积约70%,0.5～1.0 m为20%,>1.0 m占10%。遥感构建DEM作为一种手段对实测资料的欠缺是一种补充,随着遥感技术的发展精度有望提高。     

面向大高差RTK的对流层延迟改正模型及实时差分服务构建

在大高差区域,实时动态定位(real time kinematic, RTK）的站间对流层延迟差异较大,传统的RTK算法忽略站间大气延迟误差,严重影响定位精度。无论是全球还是中国范围,大高差地形都广泛分布,研究大高差RTK十分必要。由于对流层延迟参数与高程参数强相关,RTK中无法实时估计对流层延迟,引入外部模型是大高差RTK中修正对流层延迟误差的唯一手段。分析了大高差RTK对对流层延迟模型的特殊需求,总结了可用的经验对流层延迟模型。为进一步提高大高差RTK的定位精度,提出了基于连续运行参考站和气象站的实时实测对流层延迟模型构建方法。两种方法虽然能够提高RTK精度,但都存在各自的缺陷,未来需要进一步研究。在此基础上,提出了基于因特网航海无线电技术委员会传输协议的小区域大高差RTK服务方法,实现了RTK用户的对流层延迟无感改正。     

A method for improving uncalibrated phase delay estimation and ambiguity-fixing in real-time precise point positioning

In order to improve the performance of precise point positioning (PPP), this paper presents a new data processing scheme to shorten the convergence time and the observation time required for a reliable ambiguity-fixing. In the new scheme, L1 and L2 raw observations are used and the slant ionospheric delays are treated as unknown parameters. The empirical spatial and temporal constraints and the ionospheric delays derived from a real-time available ionospheric model are all considered as pseudo-observations into the estimation for strengthening the solution. Furthermore, we develop a real-time computational procedure for generating uncalibrated phase delays (UPDs) on L1 and L2 frequencies. The PPP solution is first carried out on all reference stations based on the proposed scheme, undifferenced float ambiguities on L1 and L2 frequencies can be directly obtained from the new scheme. The L1 and L2 UPDs are then generated and broadcasted to users in real-time. This data product and also the performance of the new PPP scheme are evaluated. Our results indicate that the new processing scheme considering ionospheric characteristics can reduce the convergence time by about 30 % for float kinematic solutions. The observation time for a reliable ambiguity-fixing is shortened by 25 % compared to that of the traditional ambiguity-fixed kinematic solution. When the new method is used for static reference stations, the observation time for ambiguity-fixing is about 10 min in static mode and only 5  min if the coordinates are fixed to well-known values.     

一种提高精密单点定位实时性的方法

由于要获取PPP需要的精密钟差文件至少有2d的时间延迟,因此通过提取IGS当天发布的超快星历中的卫星钟差数据,并对钟差数据进行插值,将插值结果做成标准格式钟差数据文件应用到PPP中,可以将精密单点定位的实时性提高为3~9h。基于Bernese软件,采用生成的钟差文件以及当天的超快星历文件对大量实测数据进行PPP。结果表明,对于4h的观测数据,该方法解算精度达到厘米级;当观测时间大于6h时,解算精度基本能够稳定在1~5cm。     

On the estimation of higher-order ionospheric effects in precise point positioning

GPS Solutions - Higher-order ionospheric effects, if not properly accounted for, can propagate into geodetic parameter estimates. For this reason, several investigations have led to the development...     

精密重力测量中相对重力仪格值系数的贝叶斯估计方法

相对重力仪的格值系数随时间会发生微小的变化,是影响精密重力测量精度的重要因素。通常需定期对相对重力仪进行专门的基线标定来评估仪器格值系数的变化。本文提出了一种利用重力观测数据进行格值系数评估的新方法,原理是利用测网中已知的多个绝对重力基准点作为先验约束,同时考虑仪器的非线性漂移变化,将格值系数作为超参数,基于贝叶斯原理和赤池贝叶斯信息准则（ABIC）估计最优值。通过对模拟数据的测试,该方法在高斯噪声和仪器非线性漂移等不确定性存在的情况下,可以获得格值系数的准确估计结果。对实测重力数据的测试表明：估计的格值系数与测量前在基线场标定的格值系数差值在5×10^-5以内;而且相较于采用标定不准确的格值系数,该方法可以获得与绝对重力测量结果差异更小的平差重力值。本文研究结果为有效提高精密重力测量的效率和精度提供了方法保障。     

Maintaining real-time precise point positioning during outages of orbit and clock corrections

The precise point positioning (PPP) is a popular positioning technique that is dependent on the use of precise orbits and clock corrections. One serious problem for real-time PPP applications such as natural hazard early warning systems and hydrographic surveying is when a sudden communication break takes place resulting in a discontinuity in receiving these orbit and clock corrections for a period that may extend from a few minutes to hours. A method is presented to maintain real-time PPP with 3D accuracy less than a decimeter when such a break takes place. We focus on the open-access International GNSS Service (IGS) real-time service (RTS) products and propose predicting the precise orbit and clock corrections as time series. For a short corrections outage of a few minutes, we predict the IGS-RTS orbits using a high-order polynomial, and for longer outages up to 3 h, the most recent IGS ultra-rapid orbits are used. The IGS-RTS clock corrections are predicted using a second-order polynomial and sinusoidal terms. The model parameters are estimated sequentially using a sliding time window such that they are available when needed. The prediction model of the clock correction is built based on the analysis of their properties, including their temporal behavior and stability. Evaluation of the proposed method in static and kinematic testing shows that positioning precision of less than 10 cm can be maintained for up to 2 h after the break. When PPP re-initialization is needed during the break, the solution convergence time increases; however, positioning precision remains less than a decimeter after convergence.     

Improving the estimation of fractional-cycle biases for ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning

Ambiguity resolution dedicated to a single global positioning system (GPS) station can improve the accuracy of precise point positioning. In this process, the estimation accuracy of the narrow-lane fractional-cycle biases (FCBs), which destroy the integer nature of undifferenced ambiguities, is crucial to the ambiguity-fixed positioning accuracy. In this study, we hence propose the improved narrow-lane FCBs derived from an ambiguity-fixed GPS network solution, rather than the original (i.e. previously proposed) FCBs derived from an ambiguity-float network solution. The improved FCBs outperform the original FCBs by ensuring that the resulting ambiguity-fixed daily positions coincide in nature with the state-of-the-art positions generated by the International GNSS Service (IGS). To verify this improvement, 1?year of GPS measurements from about 350 globally distributed stations were processed. We find that the original FCBs differ more from the improved FCBs when fewer stations are involved in the FCB estimation, especially when the number of stations is less than 20. Moreover, when comparing the ambiguity-fixed daily positions with the IGS weekly positions for 248 stations through a Helmert transformation, for the East component, we find that on 359 days of the year the daily RMS of the transformed residuals based on the improved FCBs is smaller by up to 0.8?mm than those based on the original FCBs, and the mean RMS over the year falls evidently from 2.6 to 2.2?mm. Meanwhile, when using the improved rather than the original FCBs, the RMS of the transformed residuals for the East component of 239 stations (i.e. 96.4% of all 248 stations) is clearly reduced by up to 1.6?mm, especially for stations located within a sparse GPS network. Therefore, we suggest that narrow-lane FCBs should be determined with ambiguity-fixed, rather than ambiguity-float, GPS network solutions.     

长江口北岸土地利用空间结构分析

采用地统计学方法,进行长江口北岸土地利用样本点半变异函数拟合和结构性分析,研究表明:当样本点间距小于61km时,土地利用样点间的距离越小,空间相关性越大;当样本点间距大于61km时,区域化变量的空间相关性不存在.长江口北岸土地利用样本点半变异函数拟合的结构系数为0.7左右,表明长江口北岸土地利用样本间的变异更多是由随机因素引起的,土地利用样本间的空间依赖性较弱,但有增强的趋势.     

采用GPS精密单点定位技术实时确定舰船位置与姿态

文章采用静态模拟动态的手段,研究基于精密单点定位技术实时确定海上舰船位置和姿态的方法,并分析实时精密单点定位技术的定位定姿精度.研究表明:用精密单点定位技术进行实时动态定位,一般可获得2cm的平面定位精度和4cm左右的高程精度;在动态精密单点定位技术的定位精度一定的情况下,航向角的精度高于横滚角和俯仰角;真实动态观测值的随机误差比静态模拟的大,定位和定姿精度可能会有所降低.     

单目运动目标的位姿实时测量方法

针对如何快速实时地获取运动目标位姿参数的问题,该文提出了一种单目运动目标位姿实时测量的方法,设计了标志点像物方匹配检测状态机和快速跟踪匹配状态机。匹配检测状态机在无标志点差异的条件下,采用反投影法得到最佳物像匹配对应关系,为快速高效跟踪匹配提供位姿初始解;提出了一种基于精度评定的状态切换机制,既发挥了跟踪匹配的高效性,又避免跟踪失败造成的位姿测量永久失败。实验结果表明,反投影法能够有效地筛选出最佳的像物方匹配对应关系,快速跟踪匹配状态机能够通过跟踪标志点高效地计算匹配关系和位姿参数,状态切换机制及时地判断跟踪错误,并迅速切换至匹配检测状态,实时测量全过程能高稳健运行。