多星协同式卫星磁测技术发展综述

欧洲航天局发射的Swarm卫星是最新的地球磁场测量卫星,在轨运行三年多,获得了高质量的地球磁场数据,并利用得到的数据建立高精度的地磁场模型来进行科学研究.Swarm卫星首次利用多颗卫星代替单颗卫星进行磁场测量,用激光氦光泵磁力仪创新性的实现了标量矢量的同时测量.本文对高性能的氦光泵磁力仪、同时实现矢量标量测量的原理、多星协同磁测技术的优势及阶段性成果进行了重点描述.     

肇庆地磁台磁通门磁力仪对比分析

对2003年肇庆地磁台GM3和Flare-plus磁通门磁力仪的H、D、Z分量观测数据.进行了趋势变化、均值、方差一致性检验以及基线值分析,认为两台磁力仪的观测数据具有同等观测精度和一致的变化趋势,仅均值存在较小的差别,已达到了国内高精度地磁观测的水平.与英国产的Flare-plus磁力仪相比,国产GM3磁力仪的观测精度和稳定性部分性能已达到世界上高精度数字地磁观测仪器的水平,但仪器的总体稳定性,传感器探头受温度影响的程度、仪器零漂等指标还需进一步提高.     

云南澜沧、耿马地震前地磁变化异常

1988年8月底至9月底,横跨红河断裂布设8个测点进行三分量地磁短周期变化的同步连续观测。测点分布见图1.8个测点是:昆明、玉溪、峨山、杨武、元江、墨江、思茅、景洪。昆明及玉溪测点使用MFM-3磁饱和磁力仪,其它测点使用GM-1磁饱和磁力仪。MFM-3和GM-1仪的仪器噪声水平分别为0.02nT和0.05nT,温度系数均为0.5nT/℃。为了减少温度变化对观测的影响,观测时将仪器探头埋于地下。采取可见曲线记录仪记录地磁变化。H和D变化的记录灵敏度为1.333nT/mm,Z变化的记录灵     

地面高精度磁测在蒙古13451矿区地质填图中的应用

研究区内岩石物性差异明显,为进行高精度磁测提供了可靠的地球物理依据.本次工作利用Hc-95型手持式氦(4 He)光泵磁力仪在13451矿区进行了高精度磁法扫面,在划定岩性界线的同时,还识别出了隐伏的中基性火山岩.通过磁法资料的延拓处理,指出了重要的构造边界.磁法数据与地质填图的完美耦合,不仅使物探方法更好地为覆盖区地质...     

地球物理技术信息交流

中国地球物理学会地球物理技术委员会愿与国内外朋友就下述仪器和技术进行交流或提供服务．重力1．NIM一回型绝对重力仪，测量不确定度优于10M2．DZW型恒温微伽相对重力仪，温度稳定在10－'t，位移分辨率10－'mp．3．罐群液体重量和体积计算机联网测试和管理系统．磁法l．CF型三端式磁通门探头，噪声水平小于InT，体积20mmX19mmXll。2．分辨率为0．InT的三分量磁通门磁力仪．3．CI：M一DI地磁倾角偏角磁力仪，分辨率0．l'．4．HC一叨型航空光泵磁力仪，分辨率优于0．olnT．5．SDM型数字自动补偿磁力仪，分辨率0．InT．6．Brown…     

高精度磁法剖面测量在找矿工作中的应用

正1.前言为在找矿方面上得到突破,我单位不断尝试新的找矿方法,高精度磁测作为简单易行的方法也得到了实际应用。我单位过去较少用磁法进行找矿工作,高精度磁法测量更是从未进行过,在工作开展过程中只能是从学规范开始,查找资料,向同行和大学老师请教,克服各种困难,在实践中逐渐了解高精度磁测方法、技术和技术要求。2.仪器设备仪器设备采用ENVIPRO质子磁力仪,性能为工作范围:23000-100000nT;灵敏度采样率2秒时0.1nT;绝对精度±1nT。     

地磁观测技术的新进展

地磁观测技术有着悠久的历史。近二十多年来,地磁观测技术取得了巨大的进步,其标志是一批新仪器的出现和一批自动化地磁台站系统的投入运行。新仪器以新材料、新技术为基础,以电子化、数字化为特征,其典型代表有质子旋进磁力仪,磁通门磁力仪,光泵磁力仪和超导磁力仪。随着计算机的日益普及和计算用数据量的增大,又由于磁变仪所固有的一些缺点,特别是光记录手工量算带来的问题更加突出,对地磁数据数字化的要求也提出来了。在计算技术进步的基础上,加拿大的自动化地磁台站系统(AMOS)和日本的柿冈自动化标准     

大连数字化磁通门磁力仪的工作环境与保护

1 磁通门磁力仪的工作环境要求 磁通门磁力仪要求有220 V/50 Hz的电源,环境电磁噪声小于0.1 nTp-p。计算机记录室的温度应0～30 ℃,湿度10～80%。探头记录室的温度年变化最好在10 ℃之内。每个测点都需要有绝对测量,以测定磁通门磁变仪的基线值(J Jankowski et al著,周锦屏等译,1999)。 1.1 数字化地磁台选址要求 为了使数字地磁记录的地磁场长期和短期变化都能代表大范围“正常”区域地磁场变化特征,避免由于局部不规则磁化地质体引起磁异常而产生畸变,选址时应先搜集当地地磁图,航空磁测资料和有关地质资料,弄清台址周围地磁场背景、…     

0.1 nT灵敏度质子磁力仪设计

质子旋进磁力仪是根据拉莫尔旋进效应设计的精密静磁测量仪器,具有高精度、高灵敏度、携带方便等优点,广泛用于地质调查、矿产与油气勘探、考古、未爆炸物探测、沉船打捞等领域.灵敏度作为磁力仪的一个重要指标,对其性能具有决定作用.本文以一款新型质子旋进磁力仪为例,讨论高灵敏度质子旋进磁力仪的设计.在详细描述质子磁力仪的工作原理、仪器设计与测试之后,本文重点讨论了磁力仪灵敏度评价方法和测试结果.实验结果表明:在极化电流为0.8A,极化时间为1.6s时,新型质子磁力仪的信噪比可达27/1,灵敏度可达0.1 nT.     

金属矿地球物理勘探技术与设备:回顾与进展

地球物理勘探技术是深部矿产资源勘查的主要技术手段.长期以来,我国地球物理勘查技术和仪器严重依赖国外进口,国产勘查技术无论仪器设备,还是方法、软件尚不能满足日益增长的深部矿产勘查需求."十二五"国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划）资源环境技术领域设立了"深部矿产资源勘探技术"重大项目,以提高深部矿产资源探测的深度、精度、分辨率和抗干扰能力为目标,研发高精度重磁探测技术、电法及电磁探测技术、地震探测、钻探和井中探测技术和装备.经过4年的攻关研究,突破了高精度微重力传感器、铯光泵磁场传感器、宽带感应式电磁传感器等10余项关键技术;研发、完善和升级了地面高精度数字重力仪、质子磁力仪、大功率伪随机广域电磁探测系统、分布式多参数电磁探测系统等18套勘探地球物理仪器设备;创新和完善了20余项勘探地球物理数据处理、正反演方法,研发和完善了2套适合金属矿数据处理及解释的大型软件系统,和8套其他专用软件系统,大幅度提升了我国地球物理勘探技术水平.本文旨在介绍项目取得的主要成果,首先回顾我国地球物理勘探技术的发展历程,然后再重点介绍"深部矿产资源勘探技术"重大项目取得的主要成果和进展,最后对发展我国地球物理勘探技术提出作者的看法和建议.     

Soil anomaly mapping using a caesium magnetometer: Limits in the low magnetic amplitude case

Caesium magnetometers are new tools for soil property mapping with a decimetric resolution [Mathé, V., Lévêque, F., 2003. High resolution magnetic survey for soil monitoring: detection of drainage and soil tillage effects. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 212 (1–2), 241–251]. However, when the magnetic anomalies are only a few nanoteslas (nT), the geologic and pedogenic signal must first be isolated from magnetic disturbances for this method to be useful. This paper investigates the instrumental artifacts and environmental disturbances to adapt the survey protocol to slightly magnetic soils.Among the possible instrumental sources of disturbances listed and quantified, the most significant are: 1) The battery effect upon sensors 2 m away (classic protocol, about ± 0.15 nT) while increasing this distance up to 10 m cancelled it; 2) The noise level of magnetometers and sensors, which, according to tests on two magnetometers and three sensors, rarely and randomly exceeds 0.1 nT, but seems to increase with the electronic component age.Among the environmental disturbances, temporal variations such as diurnal variation or fluctuations linked to the moving of metallic masses play a major role, although the pseudogradient or base-station methods have commonly cancelled them. The efficiency of the latter is strongly dependent on the source nature. However, the ground currents and electromagnetic fields propagating in soils cause more problems. As a first step to better understand such disturbance sources, uncommon magnetic signal variations supposedly due to electromagnetic wave conversions and likely linked to the railway traffic are presented.Based on previous results, an adapted protocol using one magnetometer and two caesium sensors (0.3 and 1.6 m above the surface) is proposed to increase the signal / noise ratio. At first, to maintain an accurate horizontal and vertical location of the sensors, the latter are affixed to a wooden handcart running on plastic rails. Rails adapt to micro-topography, thereby decreasing strongly the soil–sensors distance variations. Anomalies due to topography rarely exceed 0.1 nT. Finally, a method to remove diurnal variations from high-resolution magnetic maps is proposed. Parallel profiles performed successively are adjusted by a cross-profile. Assuming that the temporal variations during each profile are negligible (less than 0.05 nT), this technique, contrary to the pseudogradient, preserves both the decimetric and the metric anomalies (gain of more than 1 nT).     

海浪引起的地磁场波动的观测与初步分析

近岸海浪是影响近岸水域环境状态的重要环节.海洋近岸波的波动性质和变化规律的研究对于海岸防护、近岸航运、军事活动等具有重要意义.感应磁场波动可为探测海洋近岸波的非线性过程提供一种有效手段.本文首次对海洋近岸波引起的感应磁场进行了频谱指数分析,获得了能量注入和耗散过程对应的谱段.2016年5月15日—6月30日在昌黎海岸(东经119.3,北纬39.7°)利用KDM-2型磁通门磁力仪对海洋近岸波引起的磁场变化进行了测量,数据分辨率为0.01 nT/(HZ)~(1/2),时间采样率为1 Hz和128 Hz.观测数据显示,在距海岸线2 m远处,清晰地观测到了海洋近岸波引起的磁场波动,在0.001~10.0 Hz频段的波动最大振幅约为1 nT.波动的小波频谱呈现出多次谐波结构,符合海洋近岸波的谐波特征.傅里叶频谱显示不同频段谱的斜率不同,反映了海洋近岸波发展与耗散的非线性物理过程,进一步开展长期观测和统计分析有助于深入了解海洋中的电动力学过程.     

Impact of three-dimensional attitude variations of an unmanned aerial vehicle magnetometry system on magnetic data quality

Optically pumped vapour magnetometers have an orientation dependency in measuring the scalar component of the ambient magnetic field which leads to challenges for integration with mobile platforms. Quantifying the three-dimensional attitude variations (yaw, pitch and roll) of an optically pumped vapour magnetometer, while in-flight and suspended underneath a rotary unmanned aerial vehicle, aids in the successful development of reliable, high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle magnetometry surveys. This study investigates the in-flight three-dimensional attitude characteristics of a GEM Systems Inc. GSMP-35U potassium vapour magnetometer suspended 3 m underneath a Dà-Jiāng Innovations S900 multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle. A series of unmanned aerial vehicle-borne attitude surveys quantified the three-dimensional attitude variations that a simulated magnetometer payload experienced while freely (or semi-rigidly) suspended underneath the unmanned aerial vehicle in fair weather. Analysis of the compiled yaw, pitch and roll data resulted in the design of a specialized semi-rigid magnetometer mount, implemented to limit magnetometer rotation about the yaw axis. A subsequent unmanned aerial vehicle-borne magnetic survey applying this specialized mount resulted in more than 99% of gathered GSMP-35U magnetic data being within industry standards. Overall, this study validates that maintaining magnetometer attitude variations within quantified limits (±5° yaw, ±10° pitch and roll) during flight can yield reliable, continuous and high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle-borne magnetic measurements.     

光泵磁力仪频率信号高精度测定技术实现

针对井下弱磁观测环境狭小,测量精度要求高,但方便实时上传数据,可实现自动测量等特点,设计并制作了一种适用于井下绝对观测的氦光泵磁力仪单片机的频率计.频率计基于Cortex-M3内核的ARM芯片,通过定时器的外部时钟模式进行定时计数,在中断函数中进行计算,得到信号频率.多次实验后,为进一步提高测量精度,使用32 MHz有...     

Analysis of the magnetometer response to the passage of seismic wave

Results of synchronous recording magnetic variations and seismic vibrations caused by an earthquake with a magnitude M = 6.7 at a distance of 806 km from the observation site are considered. Measurements are carried out at the VLA observatory. Different patterns of seismic noise generation and their contributions to the magnetic variations recorded by torsion magnetometer are analyzed. As well, the correlation between the seismic and magnetic components is studied. The close correlation between the seismic accelerations of rocks and the magnetic variations is revealed, and its transfer coefficient is estimated. Such correlation in other types of magnetometers is supposed to hinder the measurement of seismomagnetic signals, which will require the seismic noise parameters to be known for different types of magnetometers.     

低轨磁测卫星干扰磁场标定方法研究

为了提高空间磁场探测精度,磁测卫星一般将磁强计安装在长伸杆的顶端,同时通过整星磁洁净控制,来减小磁强计安装位置的磁场干扰量.针对低轨磁测卫星的特点,提出零磁场环境下卫星极弱干扰磁场的高精度测量方法,模拟在轨地磁场环境下卫星感应磁场的标定方法,以及磁力矩器剩磁不确定量的处理方法.通过以上方法对卫星本体产生的干扰磁场实施严格的标定和数据修正,可有效减小其影响,极大提升空间磁场探测精度.该方法已应用于电磁监测卫星,将整星的磁场干扰不确定量降低一个量级,达到优于0.3 nT的水平.     

Application of Hilbert‐like transforms for enhanced processing of full tensor magnetic gradient data

Commonly, geomagnetic prospection is performed via scalar magnetometers that measure values of the total magnetic intensity. Recent developments of superconducting quantum interference devices have led to their integration in full tensor magnetic gradiometry systems consisting of planar‐type first‐order gradiometers and magnetometers fabricated in thin‐film technology. With these systems measuring directly the magnetic gradient tensor and field vector, a significantly higher magnetic and spatial resolution of the magnetic maps is yield than those produced via conventional magnetometers. In order to preserve the high data quality in this work, we develop a workflow containing all the necessary steps for generating the gradient tensor and field vector quantities from the raw measurement data up to their integration into high­resolution, low­noise, and artefactless two‐dimensional maps of the magnetic field vector. The gradient tensor components are processed by superposition of the balanced gradiometer signals and rotation into an Earth‐centred Earth‐fixed coordinate frame. As the magnetometers have sensitivity lower than that of gradiometers and the total magnetic intensity is not directly recorded, we employ Hilbert‐like transforms, e.g., integration of the gradient tensor components or the conversion of the total magnetic intensity derived by calibrated magnetometer readings to obtain these values. This can lead to a better interpretation of the measured magnetic anomalies of the Earth's magnetic field that is possible from scalar total magnetic intensity measurements. Our conclusions are drawn from the application of these algorithms on a survey acquired in South Africa containing full tensor magnetic gradiometry data.     

高灵敏度感应式磁传感器测试研究

本文着重对研制的感应式磁传感器的本底噪声和灵敏度特性进行测试研究,在平行噪声测试方法（NPI）基础上设计了针对本研究的磁传感器噪声测试方法,测试结果表明：MC-30的噪声水平1 Hz时为0.3 pT/√Hz,10 Hz时为0.03 pT/√Hz,100 Hz时为10 fT/√Hz,1 kHz时为3 fT/√Hz,灵敏度为215 mV/nT;MC-50的噪声水平0.01 Hz时为10 pT/√Hz,1 Hz时为0.05 pT/√Hz,10 Hz时为10 fT/√Hz,100 Hz时为0.5 fT/√Hz,灵敏度为1359 mV/nT.除此之外,通过野外试验对比及工程应用验证了MC-30和MC-50具备良好的测量精度及野外工作性能,能够满足实际电磁勘探任务的需要.     

Long-term stability of a torque-balance variometer with photoelectric converters in observatory practice

Conventional magnetometers of the Bobrov type were equipped with photoelectric converters and feedback loops having a feedback factor of 1000. Tests made at the Belsk and Nurmijärvi Observatories demonstrated that: (a) the long-term stability of the base-line values was the same or better than that in conventional magnetometers (e.g. at Nurmijärvi), i.e. the changes were less than 0.5 nT a month; (b) the short-term stability was the same as in the conventional magnetometers: (c) the reliability of the instrument was good, the time between failures in the instruments tested being more than a year: (d) the same instruments can be used simultaneously for normal recording and for recording magnetic pulsations.     

地磁FHD型质子矢量磁力仪噪声性能故障分析

针对宿迁台FHD型质子矢量磁力仪观测数据从2020年4月28日出现噪声增大问题,我们通过对仪器参数设置、观测环境、观测仪器、运行状况分类逐一进行检查、排查与分析,确认FHD仪器主机发生故障。故障原因为仪器补偿电流电路中的电容器件老化被击穿,检修更换器件得以解决。经检修后,该仪器观测数据磁偏角D、水平分量H和垂直分量Z的计算平均噪声由故障时的1.19′、1.45 nT、1.58 nT降低为0.82′、0.32 nT、0.50 nT,各分量噪声水平获得了明显的改善。通过对地磁仪器和外部观测环境问题的分类检查、检测与判断,并对查明引起数据噪声增大原因归类总结,为地磁台站查找分析数据噪声变大主要原因提供一种科学有效的检测方法。