137Cs及210Pbex方法湖泊沉积计年研究新进展

The ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb_ex techniques are widely employed for dating recent sediments of lakes. There is important provision to gain dating results correctly with the sampling device of no-disturbing sediments and the sample separation of high precision. The secondary peak of ¹³⁷Cs in sediment horizon of 1975 could be as an assistant dating time marker. Most part of ¹³⁷Cs in sediments is at stable position which provides reliability for ¹³⁷Cs dating time marker. The post-depositional remobilization of ²¹⁰Pb could lead to the lower rate of sediment accumulation in seasonal anoxic hypolimnia of lakes.The transformation of Pb species has provided the geochemical condition of its diffusion in the processes of early diagenesis. The diffusion mechanism of Pb-Po is controlled by cycling Fe-Mn, respectively.     

210Pb and 7Be as Tracers for Aerosol Transfers at Center Guizhou，China：Ⅰ．The Explanation by Weekly Interval

It′s essential to measure air concentrations and depositional fluxes of environmental radionuclides in different regions for modeling global contamination transfer and validation, tracing deposition process and dating, referencing watershed erosion trace and assessing natural radiation of ecosystem. This study introduces the research background and methods and explains weekly variations of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be concentrations in surface air and precipitation at Mt. Guanfeng/Guiyang since 2001. The results indicate that ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be concentrations in surface air fluctuate periodically at 2~6 week interval because of the meteorological condition changes. The annual trend in ²¹⁰Pb air concentration is overall influenced by air temperature variation and periodical rainfall. ⁷Be air concentration varies up and down regualarly. The synchronization of low concentrations for both ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be in surface air and high ratio (²¹⁰Pb/⁷Be ≥ 0.8) indicate oceanic poor ²¹⁰Pb-⁷Be air mass invasion. The synchronization of high concentrations of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be in surface air and low ratio (²¹⁰Pb/⁷Be ≤ 0.7) implies rich ⁷Be air mass invasion from altostratus atmosphere. Weekly concentrations of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be in precipitation and the K_d coefficients are high in late Autumn to Spring, and low in late Spring to Autumn. Although ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be concentrations vary seasonally, their weekly concentrations in precipitation increase with that of air concentration. The ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be weekly concentrations for seasonal division is about 0.2 Bq/L and 1 Bq/L, respectively. However, the K_d coefficient decreases when ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be air concentrations increase. Deposition of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be with precipitation mainly take place in Spring and Summer; The weekly fallout of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be increases with increasing precipitation; the increase of ⁷Be is triple of that of ²¹⁰Pb and 2.5 when precipitation nears to zero. The weekly-high fallout of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be with precipitation corresponds with the dramatic decrease of their air concentrations within or vicinal weeks. The ratio of ²¹⁰Pb to ⁷Be in rainfall is overall ≤ 0.5 and varies synchronously with the ratio in surface air, indicating that the two radionuclides are cleaned by precipitation from air at close speed. In the extreme freezing disaster in 2008, both ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be air concentrations were low and coupling with coexist of low concentration of aerosol and high nuclides activities. Weekly concentration of ⁷Be in surface air at Mt. Guanfeng demonstrates the anticipated concentration level in the low-latitude and high-elevation region; the short-term fluctuations of ⁷Be concentration indicated the hysteresis was influcenced by the strong air current submersion and the low-elevation air mass rising differently at Mt. Guanfeng and Mt. Waliguan.      

Fallout plutonium and natural radionuclides in annual bands of the coral Montastrea annularis, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands

We have investigated the banded coral Montastrea annularis as a recorder of the history of fallout Pu in surface seawater. Thirty annual growth bands, representing growth during ‘coral years’ 1951–1980, were subsampled from M. annularis collected at St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. ‘Coral years’ begin and end in late summer-early autumn and are designated for the calendar year in which they end. ^239,240Pu was finite in coral years 1954–1980, and the coral Pu record is very simply related to the fallout history of ⁹⁰Sr. Peaks in coral Pu in coral years 1959 and 1964 correspond to fallout peaks in 1959 and 1963, respectively. Peak broadening and time lags in the coral Pu record, as compared to the ⁹⁰Sr fallout record are consistent with retention of fallout Pu in surface seawater for about two years (characteristic removal time) during the period of major fallout, and possibly longer thereafter. The simplicity of the coral Pu record and its close correspondence with fallout history suggest that ^239,240Pu was incorporated into the coral skeleton with constant discrimination relative to Ca; the effects of speciation and oxidation state upon Pu incorporation are presently unknown.

To aid the Pu interpretation Ca, Mg, Sr, Na and natural radionuclides (²³⁸U, ²²⁸Ra, ²³²Th and ²¹⁰Pb) were also determined in the annual bands. In small samples (0.5 g) Ca, Mg and Na show correlated variations which could be due to seasonal variability in uptake. The ²³⁸U and ²²⁸Ra records were generally consistent with uptake, at constant discrimination, from surface-water reservoirs of nearly constant concentration, although one sample showed probable diagenetic addition of U. ²³²Th was not detected with certainty; this implies that terrigenous particles were not consistently entrapped within the coral skeleton. Interpretation of ²¹⁰Pb was difficult because ²²⁶Ra was not measured.

Montastrea annularis preserves a record of fallout Pu. To make this record useful it must be considered in the broadest possible geochemical context.     

Dating of the near-surface layer of a peatland in northwestern Ontario, Canada

The near-surface layer of the dominant microhabitat types on a peatland in the Rainy River area, northwestern Ontario, Canada was dated using a number of previously published methods. No single method was found to be appropriate in all microhabitat types, and discrepancies of up to 15 yr over a time-scale of 80 yr were encountered. The results suggested that the post-depositional mobility of ²¹⁰Pb, and possibly its atmospheric supply, are affected by microhabitat type. ²¹⁰Pb dates consistently underestimated independently derived dates in the uppermost sections of the cores. Ages derived by measuring the length of annual increments on moss stems were in general agreement with the ²¹⁰Pb dates, but were subject to bias where the moss remains were poorly preserved. ¹⁴C analyses on material from the base to the near-surface horizon confirmed the modern (post-AD 1950) origin suggested by the ²¹⁰Pb and moss increment dates. Increased ash content at the base of the near-surface layer was correlated with the dustbowl of the 1930s, but assignment of dates to other stratigraphic markers (charcoal, Ambrosia pollen, and Larix needles) was less certain. The ash peak (55 yr before AD 1990) was used as datum for relative dating methods based on assumptions of a constant rate of peat accumulation (constant bulk density method) and constant rate of pollen accumulation (pollen density method). The constant bulk density method provided quick, inexpensive estimates of maximum age, but could not be extrapolated beyond datum, nor applied to cores showing marked stratigraphic changes. The pollen density method was a valuable but time-consuming alternative for dating peatland depressions, which lack annual moss increments and are subject to ²¹⁰Pb leaching.     

河北平原第四系承压水4He与14C测年对比

⁴He是测定地下水年龄理想的示踪剂之一,由于测年时间尺度及多成因等问题,其测年结果通常与¹⁴C测年结果缺乏一致性。通过采集河北平原第四系承压水中的惰性气体（He、Ne、Ar、Kr、Xe）及¹⁴C样品,利用CE（封闭系统平衡）模型分离出地下水中的放射性成因⁴He_rad浓度为（5.43～8 994）×10^-8 cm³·STP/g,进而得到地下水的⁴He年龄为8.8～55.9 ka;相应样品的¹⁴C测年结果为7.7～35.2 ka。结果表明,2种测年结果在河北平原具有很好的一致性。     

土壤碳动力学同位素示踪研究进展

土壤是陆地生态系统中最大的碳库。土壤碳动力学旨在研究土壤有机碳库的大小及更新速率。土壤有机碳库可分为 3个亚碳库："活动"、"缓慢"和"稳定"碳库。碳同位素特别是 14 C可作为研究土壤碳动力学的理想示踪剂;δ 13 C值是定量研究C3和C4植被更替历史的有效手段; 14 C示踪及年代测定与 13 C信号联合使用,可以估算土壤碳库的大小和驻留时间。碳同位素示踪应用于土壤碳动力学研究取得了较大进展,但是由于缺乏可靠的全球数据库和标准方法来量化土壤有机碳库,导致对土壤各亚碳库的大小和更新速率以及土壤CO2的估算仍存在较大的不确定性,从而难以估计土壤碳库大小的变化对大气CO 2浓度和全球气候变化的潜在贡献。     

青藏高原冰芯定年方法回顾及新技术展望北大核心CSCD

冰芯高分辨率高保真地记录了过去不同时间尺度气候环境变化历史,而冰芯精确定年是重建过去气候环境演化的先决条件。通过回顾青藏高原冰芯定年的常用方法,提出了目前冰芯定年仍存在的挑战和机遇。通常的冰芯定年方法包括基于冰芯季节变化信号的数年层方法、放射性标志层定年、冰川流动模型、基于其他已知时间序列的对比定年,以及放射性同位素定年。最可靠的方法是数年层的方法,但受到冰川中下部年层逐渐减薄的制约,冰川流动模型主要应用于冰芯中下部定年,但存在不确定性较大而且难以验证的难题。未来冰芯学科发展对冰芯定年提出了更高要求,随着测量技术与手段的突破,新的方法与技术开始在极地冰芯与高山冰芯定年研究中展示了广泛的应用前景。冰芯连续测量技术(如冰芯同位素连续测量技术、激光剥蚀等离子体质谱技术)大幅度提高了冰芯测量结果的时间精度,有可能把数年层的定年方法延推到冰芯底部;基于“原子阱痕量分析”(Atom Trap Trace Analysis,ATTA)的惰性气体(Kr、Kr、Ar)放射性测年技术是一项革命性的技术,由于惰性气体在大气中的稳定性与均匀性使其在不同时间尺度冰川冰的绝对定年中发挥出优势。低浓度的可溶性有机碳的14C定年也从实验室探索阶段开始转入试用阶段,而且用冰量低,有望解决冰芯中碳含量低,定年困难的窘迫状况。此外,人类活动影响之前处于自然背景下的冰芯3H低本底测量技术结合数据处理方法,有望恢复过去100~200年与太阳活动周期相关的信号,将补充放射性标志层只有近代结果的不足。这些新的技术与方法在冰芯定年中的应用有望进一步推动中低纬度高山冰芯研究。     

青藏高原冰芯定年方法回顾及新技术展望

冰芯高分辨率高保真地记录了过去不同时间尺度气候环境变化历史,而冰芯精确定年是重建过去气候环境演化的先决条件。通过回顾青藏高原冰芯定年的常用方法,提出了目前冰芯定年仍存在的挑战和机遇。通常的冰芯定年方法包括基于冰芯季节变化信号的数年层方法、放射性标志层定年、冰川流动模型、基于其他已知时间序列的对比定年,以及放射性同位素定年。最可靠的方法是数年层的方法,但受到冰川中下部年层逐渐减薄的制约,冰川流动模型主要应用于冰芯中下部定年,但存在不确定性较大而且难以验证的难题。未来冰芯学科发展对冰芯定年提出了更高要求,随着测量技术与手段的突破,新的方法与技术开始在极地冰芯与高山冰芯定年研究中展示了广泛的应用前景。冰芯连续测量技术（如冰芯同位素连续测量技术、激光剥蚀等离子体质谱技术）大幅度提高了冰芯测量结果的时间精度,有可能把数年层的定年方法延推到冰芯底部;基于“原子阱痕量分析”（Atom Trap Trace Analysis,ATTA）的惰性气体（⁸⁵Kr、⁸¹Kr、³⁹Ar）放射性测年技术是一项革命性的技术,由于惰性气体在大气中的稳定性与均匀性使其在不同时间尺度冰川冰的绝对定年中发挥出优势。低浓度的可溶性有机碳的¹⁴C定年也从实验室探索阶段开始转入试用阶段,而且用冰量低,有望解决冰芯中碳含量低,定年困难的窘迫状况。此外,人类活动影响之前处于自然背景下的冰芯³H低本底测量技术结合数据处理方法,有望恢复过去100~200年与太阳活动周期相关的信号,将补充放射性标志层只有近代结果的不足。这些新的技术与方法在冰芯定年中的应用有望进一步推动中低纬度高山冰芯研究。     

黔中气溶胶传输的210 Pb和7 Be示踪:Ⅱ.月及年时间尺度的剖析

自2001年12月连续逐周在贵阳观风山附近对近地面空气210Pb-7Be浓度和沉降量的观测表明:区域性降水和气温制约近地面空气210Pb具高浓度"U"型年分布;降水量和平流层向下输送影响近地面空气7Be月均浓度的季节性变化;210Pb/7Be月均浓度比率受控于210Pb变化和富7Be气团下沉的影响.观风山与瓦里关山之间因纬度和海拔的关系,7Be比率急剧震荡,显示出海洋性贫7Be气团入侵对观风山地区的明显影响.2002-2008年间贵阳观风山近地面空气210Pb的年均浓度(2.8±0.6)mBq/m3,约为全球若干站点中最高平均浓度值的4倍;而7Be的年均浓度(4.8±0.6)mBq/m3,与全球高海拔站点长期观测的平均值相当,大约为北半球中纬度对流层顶部附近7Be浓度值(18.0 mBq/m3)的1/3.8,显示出低纬度、较高海拔地区的预期水平.2003年,瓦里关山和观风山近地面空气7Be的年均浓度比为3.8,与预期的大气输送和混合作用基本一致.7Be月均浓度的增大趋势反映出受太阳黑子数减少的变化关系,其影响底线大约为4 mBq/m3;7Be年均浓度波动的增大趋势反映出受太阳黑子数降低的可能影响.贵阳观风山降水中7Be和210Pb的体积加权浓度分别为0.72 Bq/L和0.27 Bq/L;年沉降通量分别为0.080 Bq/(cm2·a)和0.031 Bq/(cm2·a).数值模拟显示出全球空气210Pb高浓度区和高沉降通量环带分布,印证了洱海和红枫湖沉积物7Be和157Cs蓄积的模拟结果.     

Norwegian corals: radiocarbon and stable isotopes in Lophelia pertusa

The ahermatypic coral Lophelia pertusa which produces aragonitic skeletons is widely distributed along the Norwegian coast. Specimens from a number of localities have been analyzed for oxygen and stable carbon isotope composition and ¹⁴C age. Stable isotope ratios of recent corals provide information on growth rate and seasonality of oceanographic conditions. Lophelia can be useful in paleoenvironmental reconstructions. ¹⁴C dates of fossil Lophelia from Drøak in the Oslofjord, collected from 20 m ahove and 40 m below present day sea-level, indicate regional extinction between 8700 and 7800 years ago. We suggest that the extinction resulted from the cut-off of deep waters by a rising sill in connection with the postglacial shoreline displacement. Radiocarbon dating of coral bushes suggests a fairly rapid growth rate as older and younger parts of recent corals do not reveal any difference in activity despite the short time scale of the history of bomb-produced ¹⁴C in the oceans.     

纹层计年与137Cs、210Pb法对比研究东北二龙湾玛珥湖现代沉积速率

通过对东北二龙湾玛珥湖顶部无扰动岩心显微研究,证明此岩心发育有良好的年纹层。据精确统计,0~5.5 cm间为36个年纹层,纹层计年的误差为4％~7％,年纹层厚度为1.1~2 mm不等,平均沉积速率为1.53 mm/a,5.5 cm处对应于1965年。而二龙湾沉积物（从6.5 cm到5.5 cm)岩心的¹³⁷Cs比活度值急剧增加,从（4.67±0.29） dpm/g增加到（12.06±0.47） dpm/g,在5.5 cm处有一个较为明显的蓄积峰值,这一峰值被确认对应为1963年全球¹³⁷Cs散落的高峰期。另外据²¹⁰Pb_ex比活度CIC模式,5.5 cm处约为1962年,这和¹³⁷Cs比活度曲线的1963年时标相一致。印证了纹层计年的精确性,完全可以建立高分辨率时间序列。     

Zircon U–Pb age and trace element evidence for Paleoproterozoic granulite-facies metamorphism and Archean crustal rocks in the Dabie Orogen

Zircon U–Pb ages and trace elements were determined for granulites and gneiss at Huangtuling, which are hosted by ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in the Dabie Orogen, east-central China. CL images reveal core–rim structure for most zircons in the granulites. The cores show oscillatory zoning, relatively high Th/U ratios, and HREE enriched patterns, consistent with a magmatic origin. They gave a weighted mean ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of 2766 ± 9 Ma, interpreted as dating magma emplacement of the protolith. The rims are characterized by sector or planar zoning, low Th/U ratios, negative Eu anomalies and flat HREE patterns, consistent with their formation under granulite-facies metamorphic conditions. Zircon U–Pb dating yields a weighted mean ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of 2029 ± 13 Ma, which is interpreted to record a metamorphic event, possibly during assembly of the supercontinent Columbia. The gneiss has a protolith age of 1982 ± 14 Ma, which is younger than the zircon age of the granulite-facies metamorphism, suggesting a generally delay between HT metamorphism and the intrusion of post-collisional granites. A few inherited cores with igneous characteristics have ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages of 2.90, 3.28 and 3.53 Ga, suggesting the presence of Mesoarchean to Paleoarchean crustal remnants in the Yangtze Craton. A few Cretaceous metamorphic ages were also obtained, suggesting the influence of post-collisional collapse in response to Cretaceous extension of the Dabie Orogen. It is inferred that the recently discovered Archean basement of the Yangtze Craton occurs as far north as the Dabie Orogen.     

山地灾害沉积物的测年综述

山地灾害事件发生的年代是理解其发育机制并作出预测的基础.在长时间尺度上,常用的测牟方法有光释光、14C、宇宙成因核素和火山灰测年等,其中的关键是能否在剖面中寻找到合适的测年物质.短时间尺度的测年方法以树轮为主,辅以地衣测年.在山地灾害中,不仅灾害沉积本身,其相关沉积物对事件年代也具有指示意义.在实际应用中,根据测年材料...     

碳同位素技术在碳质气溶胶源解析中应用的研究进展

概述了国内外14C和13C技术在大气碳质气溶胶源解析中应用的研究进展,指出14C在碳质气溶胶源解析研究中具有不可替代的独特优势,联合采用14C和13C技术有利于解决多种排放源的区分问题;随着碳质气溶胶组分分离技术的进步,对有机碳(0C)和黑碳(BC)等组分中14C的研究获得重要进展;除需深入研究13C的分馏机制外,建立各种排放源在不同区域的δ13C值域“特征谱”的重要性也日益突出;结合14C和13C以外的其他示踪剂、模型和分析方法将提供更多关于气溶胶来源的信息,并减小来源贡献率估算的不确定性.     

福建兴化湾外近海210Pb法沉积速率及校正方法

运用γ谱仪,对采自福建省兴化湾外近海海域的D37和FJ3-12孔进行了 ²¹⁰Pb 、²²⁶Ra和 ¹³⁷Cs 活度的测试,得到这3种核素活度随深度变化特征。分别运用 ²¹⁰Pb 法的CFCS模式(恒定通量恒定沉积模式,Constant Flux and Constant Sedimentation)和CRS模式(恒定供给速率模式,Constant Rate of Supply)以及 ¹³⁷Cs 时标法计算平均沉积速率,发现3种方式的计算结果存在一定差异。在排除粒度变化对核素剖面的影响后,对比不同取样深度的结果发现,指数衰减剖面不完整度(取样深度未达 ²¹⁰Pb 的本底值区)对运用CFCS和CRS模式计算平均沉积速率均有不利影响,其中对CRS模式的影响随剖面不完整性愈强而愈显著。为此提出了相关校正方法作为参考,即先根据CFCS模式估算平均沉积速率和相应的²¹⁰Pb_ex累积量,再通过CRS法建立钻孔年龄框架,由此可计算得出D37和FJ3-12孔的平均沉积速率分别为2.76cm/yr和4.53cm/yr。     

High resolution (5 μm) U–Th–Pb isotope dating of monazite with excimer laser ablation (ELA)-ICPMS

Monazite [(LREE)PO₄], a common accessory mineral in magmatic and metamorphic rocks, is complementary to zircon in U–Th–Pb geochronology. Because the mineral can record successive growth phases it is useful for unravelling complex geological histories. A high spatial resolution is required to identify contrasted age domains that may occur at the crystal-scale. Bulk mineral techniques such as ID-TIMS, applied to single monazite grains recording multiple overgrowths or isotope resetting can result in partly scattered discordant analytical points that produce inaccurate intercept ages. Laser ablation (LA)-ICPMS has been demonstrated to be a useful technique for U–Th–Pb dating of zircons, and this study tests its analytical capabilities for dating monazite. A sector field high resolution ICPMS coupled with a 193 nm ArF excimer laser ablation microprobe is capable of achieving a high spatial resolution and producing stable and reliable isotope measurements.

The U–Th–Pb systematic was applied to monazite grains from several samples: a lower Palaeozoic lens from high-grade terrains in Southern Madagascar, Neogene hydrothermal crystals from the Western Alps, a Palaeoproterozoic very high temperature granulite from central Madagascar and a Variscan leucogranite from Spain, directly on a polished thin section. The major aim was to compare and/or reproduce TIMS and EMP ages of monazite from a variety of settings and ages. The three independent ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U, ²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U and ²⁰⁸Pb/²³²Th ratios and ages were calculated. Isotope fractionation effects (mass bias, laser induced fractionation) were corrected using a chemically homogeneous and U–Pb concordant monazite as external standard.

This study demonstrates that excimer laser ablation (ELA)-ICPMS allows U–Th–Pb dating of monazite with a high level of repeatability, accuracy and precision as well as rapidity of analysis. A spatial resolution almost comparable to that of EMP in terms of crater width (5 μm) produced precise ²⁰⁸Pb/²³²Th, ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U and ²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U ratios for dating Palaeozoic to Precambrian monazites. The advantages of (ELA)-ICPMS isotope dating are precision, accuracy and the ability to detect discordance. In the case of late Miocene hydrothermal monazites from the Alps, a larger spot size of 25 μm diameter is required, and precise and accurate ages were obtained only for ²⁰⁸Pb/²³²Th systematics. Results from the Variscan granite show that in situ U–Th–Pb dating of monazites with (ELA)-ICPMS is possible using a 5 μm spot directly on thin sections, so that age data can be placed in a textural context.     

青海双朋西金铜矿床的成矿流体特征及流体来源

通过对双朋西金铜矿床流体包裹体岩相学、测温学及铅、硫同位素等的分析,研究其成矿流体性质和演化,并探讨矿床成矿流体来源,结果表明:①流体包裹体主要为气液两相包裹体;包裹体液相成分阳离子以Na+、K+、Ca2+为主,阴离子主要以SO2-4、Cl-为主;气相以H,2O、CO2为主.②双朋西金铜矿床成矿流体为中高温、中等盐度、中等密度、中等压力的流体.③铅同位素206Pb/204Pb为18.058～18.710,207Pb/204Pb为15.581～15.641,208Pb/204Ph为38.191～38.531;δ34S值(‰)变化范围为+3.1～+6.2,平均值为+4.42;综合分析认为,本区铅、硫同位素来源应为壳幔混合源.     

普定岩溶水-碳循环模拟试验场水体双碳同位素特征(δ13C-Δ14C)与碳足迹

河流输送到海洋的溶解无机碳(DIC)和有机碳(OC)受自然和人为双重因素的影响。了解DIC和OC的年龄、来源和转化,有助于掌握全球碳收支和提高现在以及未来自然和人类对河流碳循环影响的估算精度。本研究以普定岩溶水-碳循环试验场泉(地下水)-池(地表水)耦联系统为研究对象,利用双碳同位素(¹³C- ¹⁴C)方法,结合水生植物生长和传统水文地球化学特征,揭示了地下水-地表水系统中DIC和颗粒有机碳(POC)的来源及其转化机制。研究发现:(1)泉-池系统中DIC和POC的Δ¹⁴C具有相同的变化趋势,泉水中Δ¹⁴C值低于池水中Δ¹⁴C值,反映后者可能有“较年轻”的CO₂的加入;(2)池水水化学和碳同位素变化由土地利用类型和池中水生植物共同控制;(3)池水中颗粒有机碳(POC)浓度明显高于泉水,且其Δ¹⁴C值表现出与沉水植物和DIC的一致性(表观年龄均为3 200900 a),说明池水POC主要源于池中水生植物光合作用利用了碳酸盐风化产生的老碳(DIC),使新形成的有机质在表观年龄上“偏老”;(4)池水水体内源有机碳对水体POC的贡献在75%以上,内源有机碳通量(以C计)在250 t·km^-2·a^-1至660 t·km^-2·a^-1之间,相对于其他土地利用类型,草地对应的地表水系统具有最大的内源有机碳占比和通量,指示了沉水植物控制型浅水水体初级生产对有机碳循环的重要作用。综上,我们认为在岩溶区通过土地利用调整来调控水生植物群落对于增加碳汇具有重要潜力。     

松辽盆地徐家围子断陷营城组粗面岩成因与隐爆机制

松辽盆地徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩中含有粗面质岩石,是深层天然气重要储层之一。岩心、钻井及地震资料研究表明,粗面岩具有高位喷发、低位充填的特征,在火山口附近厚度大,远离火山口厚度小。粗面岩主量、微量及同位素地球化学显示其属于钾玄岩系列,富集稀土元素,强不相容元素Rb、Ba、Th、U质量分数较高。粗面岩的(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i=0.704 321~0.705 395,ε_Nd(t)为正值（3.36 ~ 3.83）,Pb同位素比值相对集中,(²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i、(²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i、(²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i平均值分别为18.43、15.51和38.23。研究表明,粗面质岩浆由区域年轻地壳组分部分熔融形成,经历了一定程度的分离结晶作用,地壳混染作用不显著。粗面质岩浆多期次喷发后形成粗面岩,热液气体不断聚集发生隐蔽爆破形成角砾,未固结的角砾被岩浆期后热液“胶结”,形成隐爆角砾岩,构成了粗面质岩石重要的储层类型。     

老挝班康姆铜金矿成矿流体及成矿物质来源：H- O- He- Ar- C- S- Pb同位素证据

老挝班康姆矿床是近年来在琅勃拉邦-黎府成矿带新发现的一个大型铜金矿床。该矿床矽卡岩与矿体主要赋存在安山岩中且缺乏矽卡岩分带,与典型矽卡岩矿床的地质特征存在一定的差别。因此,厘清班康姆铜金矿床的成矿流体、成矿物质来源及矿床成因机制是后续开展琅勃拉邦-黎府成矿带大型铜金矿床找矿勘探的基础。该矿床矿化阶段石英流体包裹体δD分布于-110‰~-90‰,δ¹⁸O分布于-1.5‰~7.1‰,其中低δD的样品具有相对高的δ¹⁸O值;黄铁矿流体包裹体的3He/4He为0.41~3.43Ra(大部分<1Ra),⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar为314.8~362.4。H-O及He-Ar同位素结果表明,班康姆矿床成矿流体来源于岩浆流体(至少部分来自地幔)与低δD的大气雨水的混合,雨水占更大的比例,且某些矿化流体的雨水端元在混合前经历了明显的水岩作用。除一件样品(BK64)的黄铁矿具有高的δ³⁴S(8.1‰)外,其余硫化物的δ³⁴S分布于-0.9‰~1.5‰,位于地幔硫的范围。共生硫化物对的硫同位素平衡分馏计算以及动力学分馏不支持高δ³⁴S(8.1‰)黄铁矿的硫来自从热液流体,可能来自围岩。热液方解石的δ¹³C范围为-3.1‰~2.5‰,δ¹⁸O变化于26.0‰~28.4‰,指示其碳来自矿区灰岩,而灰岩的溶解为热液摄取围岩的重硫提供了可能。矿石黄铁矿Pb同位素组成(²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb:17.9284~18.7756;²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb:15.5336~15.6651;²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb:37.9125~38.8090)位于黎府褶皱带和长山褶皱带晚二叠世—中三叠世大陆弧岩浆岩的Pb同位素范围,介于印支地块玄武岩和泰国-老挝S-型花岗岩及相关矿床的Pb同位素组成之间,指示班康姆矿床的Pb来自壳幔混合源。本文S-Pb-He-Ar同位素结果及区域Cu-Au成矿过程的岩石地化研究,表明班康姆矿床Cu、Au主要来自地幔。与典型矽卡岩Cu-Au矿床的S-Pb-H-O同位素及矽卡岩矿物流体包裹体盐度特征的对比,结合前人的火山气热液交代火山岩形成矽卡岩的实验结果,认为班康姆矽卡岩型Cu-Au矿床的形成机制为深部出溶的气相为主的含矿岩浆流体沿断裂上升到浅部交代安山岩或大理岩并经历了流体混合、沸腾及矿石沉淀等过程。