Pliensbachian-Toarcian biotic turnover in north Siberia and the Arctic region

The biotic turnover in the Pliensbachian-Toarcian transition and changes in assemblages of bivalves, ostracodes, foraminifers, dinocysts, spores, and pollen are described. Only five of 24 bivalve genera and two of four ostracode genera cross the Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary so that composition of genera and families to be entirely renewed at the base of the Harpoceras falciferum Zone. In the interval of three ammonite zones, diversity of foraminifers is reducing from 27 genera in the Amaltheus margaritatus Zone (upper Pliensbachian) to 17 and then to 15 genera in the Tiltoniceras antiquum (lower Toarcian) and Harpoceras falciferum zones, respectively. Single dinocysts of the Pliensbachian are replaced by their abundant specimens at the base of the Toarcian, and substantial changes in composition of palynological assemblages are simultaneously established. Factors responsible for “mass extinctions” of marine invertebrates are suggested to be the paleogeographic reorganization, anoxic events, eustatic sea-level changes, and climatic fluctuations. The biotic turnover in the Arctic region is interrelated mainly with thermal changes, which caused the southward displacements of taxa distribution areas during a rapid cooling and their gradual return to former habitat areas in the period of warming, rather than with extinction events.     

大青山地区侏罗纪陆相沉积盆地形成、迁移及演化规律

恢复了大青山地区侏罗纪盆地的原形，并对盆地的迁移，演化规律和阶段进行了详细研究，提出石拐－老道沟株罗纪盆地是早侏罗世晚期在古生代地层岩片与北部变质岩岩片之间发育起来的东西向延展的带状盆地。古地形表现北高南低，西高东低；中侏罗世盆地范围达最大，中株罗世末期的一次燕山构造运动，使盆地的性质发生了明显的改变，由早，中株罗世的弱拉伸构造环境转变为晚侏罗世的挤压构造环境，古气候由温暖潮湿气候变为干旱气候，晚侏罗世末期，随着大规模的逆冲推覆构造的发育而结束盆地的演化历史。     

内蒙西部银根-额济纳中生代盆地群叠置类型与勘探领域

内蒙西部银根-额济纳盆地群是在前古生代基底上发育起来的中、新生代“叠置型”盆地群。构造演化经历了三叠纪的热拱隆张阶段、早中侏罗世的初始裂谷盆地阶段、早白垩世的裂谷盆地发育阶段、晚白垩世的引张坳陷阶段、第三纪到第四纪的陆内聚敛挤压阶段。主要形成了下白垩统半深湖相烃源岩,其次为中下侏罗统煤系烃源岩。根据构造层之间的叠置关系,可划分为完全叠置型、基本叠置型、迁移叠置型3种盆地(凹陷)类型。不同叠置类型盆地(凹陷)的烃源岩发育特征、各类圈闭发育特征不同,油气成藏条件差别较大,勘探方向和勘探领域不同。根据裂谷小湖盆的沉积发育特征,应围绕沉积“洼槽”中心的烃源岩开展近源勘探,分别指出了不同叠置型盆地(凹陷)的勘探领域:叠置型盆地(凹陷)主要以控盆断裂带的滚动背斜、缓坡带的岩性、地层不整合圈闭为主要勘探领域;基本叠置型盆地(凹陷)主要以中央断裂隆起构造带的断鼻、断块圈闭为主要勘探领域;迁移叠置型盆地(凹陷)主要以不整合圈闭和缓坡带的岩性圈闭为主要勘探领域。     

New belemnites from Toarcian and Aalenian of Siberia

From the Jurassic (Toarcian and Aalenian) of the Lena river basin the following Belemnites are described as new: Sachsibeius mirus, Lenobelus lenensis, Lenobelus gravis, Lenobelus reconditus, Dactyloteuthis yacutiensis. Sachsibelus (type species S. mirus) and Lenobelus (type species L. lenensis) are new genera. The phylogenetic relationships of these genera are discussed. Sachsibelus is assigned to the Hastitinae; Lenobelus is provisionally placed in the same subfamily. --E. T. Tozer.     

A complementary section for the proposed Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) global stratotype: The Almonacid de la Cuba section (Spain)

We present the biostratigraphy (ammonites, brachiopods, foraminifers, and ostracodes), lithostratigraphy, sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, and isotope stratigraphy of the Almonacid de la Cuba section located in the Iberian Range, central-eastern Spain. This section, which contains a continuous and expanded record of the Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary (Early Jurassic), has been proposed as a complementary section for the Toarcian GSSP. An excellent ammonite-based biozonation has been obtained. Four ammonite assemblages characterized by the presence of Pleuroceras, Canavaria, Dactylioceras (Eodactylites), and Dactylioceras (Orthodactylites) have been distinguished. The base of the Toarcian is located at level CU35.2, based on the first occurrence of Dactylioceras. The occurrence of taxa from the NW European and the Mediterranean provinces is useful to improve the correlation between both provinces. Foraminiferal and ostracode assemblages are rich and diversified and no significant biostratigraphic events take place at the Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary. The magnetostratigraphic data presented here are the most complete record of reversals of the earth magnetic field for the Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary. A good record of the onset of the positive δ¹³C excursion reported in the Lower Toarcian of many European sections has been obtained. Average paleotemperatures measured at the latest Pliensbachian Spinatum Biochron of about 12.5°C, recorded a marked increase of the seawater temperature which started during the Toarcian, reaching average temperatures of 16.7°C at the Tenuicostatum Biochron. The obtained ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values fully agree with the LOWESS calibration curve.     

New palaeontological investigations in the Jurassic of western Thailand

The paleontological investigations of the Jurassic of Western Thailand, districts of Mae Sot (Tak–Mae Sot highway, Padaeng Tak and Ban Mae Kut Luang Zinc mines) and Umphang (Klo Tho), provide age constraints for the Late Indosinian orogeny, the Paleotethys closure and the timing of the marine Jurassic inundation of Sundaland. The basal conglomerate of the Jurassic is derived from the pelagic Triassic Mae Sariang substratum. Stratigraphy, microfacies and paleontology of the Jurassic marine strata focus especially on ammonites, bivalves, large benthic foraminifera and algae. Among ammonites, the Tethyan Catulloceras perisphinctoides Gemmellaro marks the Upper Toarcian (Aalensis Zone) along the Tak–Mae Sot highway and Riccardiceras longalvum (Vacek), Malladaites pertinax (Vacek), Abbasites sp. and Vacekia sp. indicate Middle Aalenian to lowermost Bajocian in the Padaeng Mine (SE of Mae Sot) and Klo–Tho (Umphang). Vacekia sp., Spinammatoceras schindewolfi Linares and Sandoval and Malladaites vaceki Linares and Sandoval indicate Middle Aalenian to lowermost Upper Aalenian at Ban Mae Kut Luang (NE of Mae Sot). Among foraminifers, the large benthic foraminifer Timidonella sarda Bassoullet, Chabrier and Fourcade in the Western Tethys is indicative for Aalenian–Bajocian times, as characterized in the section at the Tak–Padaeng Zinc mine and the Klo–Tho Formation near Umphang. The endemic foraminifer Gutnicella kaempferi characterizes the Pu Khloe Khi Formation near Umphang. Among bivalves, shallow marine, dominantly endemic fauna includes Parvamussium donaiense (Mansuy) and Bositra ornate (Quenstedt), from the Toarcian to the Early Bajocian. A consideration of the faunal affinity shows that the fauna is partly endemic with Northern Tethyan (Eurasian) affinity.     

Main phytostratigraphic boundaries in the Jurassic deposits of Western Siberia

The study of the large collections of plant remains gained from cores of numerous boreholes drilled in Western Siberia made it possible to determine the taxonomic composition of the Jurassic flora of this region, the stages of its evolution, and the sequence of floral assemblages, which characterize the regional stratigraphic horizons indirectly correlated via series of parallel faunal, microfaunal, spore and pollen zonal scales with a general stratigraphic scale. The compositions of floral assemblages was established in the Hettangian-lower part of the upper Pliensbachian, upper part of the upper Pliensbachian, lower Toarcian, upper Toarcian, Aalenian, Bajocian, Bathonian, and Callovian-Oxfordian sediments. Criteria were elaborated to substantiate the Triassic-Jurassic and Lower-Middle Jurassic boundaries. Lithologically and biostrati-graphically, the Middle-Upper Jurassic boundary is poorly expressed.     

Toarcian–Aalenian (Early–Middle Jurassic) radiolarian fauna from the Los Molles Formation,Neuquén Basin,Argentina: Taxonomy and paleobiogeographic affinities

This paper reports the occurrence of a Toarcian–Aalenian (Early–Middle Jurassic) radiolarian fauna in the Los Molles Formation, Neuquén Basin, Argentina, as well as comments on its paleobiogeographic affinities. The micropaleontologic analysis was carried out in fine-grained rocks from a turbiditic section of the Los Molles Formation. These samples were first chemically processed using only hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and afterward treated with acetic (CH₃COOH) and hydrofluoric (HF) acids. The first chemical procedure permitted the recovery of only few spongy spumellarians, while the second one enabled to recover more diversified radiolarian assemblages. In general, the studied fauna presents low diversity and abundance, with a strong dominance of spumellarians over nassellarians. The fauna is composed by the genera Paronaella, Homoeoparonaella, Praeconocaryomma, Archaeocenosphaera, Orbiculiformella, Praeparvicingula, and some unidentified spumellarians and nassellarians. According to paleobiogeographic models, the studied Toarcian–Aalenian fauna presents a mid to high latitude affinity. It is possible to infer from those data a bipolar distribution of some taxa, such as Praeparvicingula and probably Praeconocaryomma, between the Northern and Southern hemispheres since the Early Jurassic (Toarcian).     

四川盆地北缘达县、开县一带早侏罗世珍珠冲植物群及其古环境

讨论四川盆地北缘（川东）珍珠冲组植物群的组成、特征及时代、鉴定植物化石47属95种，该植物群归于Dictyophyllum-Clathropteris系上部Ptilophyllum-Coniopteris组合，相当于Pliesbachian-Aalenian阶，与瑞典和格陵兰Thaumatopteris带关系密切，还讨论了四川盆地 侏罗纪古气候、沉积环境与成煤关系。     

内蒙古锡林浩特盆地早侏罗世晚期植物群:兼论中国早侏罗世晚期气候

首次报道了产于内蒙古锡林浩特盆地侏罗系红旗组的植物群,共计21属37种。该植物群由木贼目、真蕨纲、苏铁纲、银杏纲、松柏纲和少量分散保存的种子等组成,以真蕨类丰富、蚌壳蕨科Coniopteris和Eboracia出现以及南方型分子较多等为特征。该植物群的时代为早侏罗世晚期,反映研究区红旗组主体的沉积时代为早侏罗世晚期,上部沉积可能形成于中侏罗世早期。气候敏感植物,特别是南方型分子的出现,指示锡林浩特盆地早侏罗世晚期属于暖温带—亚热带气候区,气候较热或短期有一定程度的偏干旱;其气温较早侏罗世早期和中侏罗世早期更高,说明早侏罗世晚期发生过1次升温气候事件。对早、中侏罗世植物群和沉积特征的综合分析表明,中国在早侏罗世晚期可划分出黑龙江东部温凉气候区、北方暖温带温暖潮湿气候区、中部热带—亚热带半干旱—半潮湿气候区、中南热带—亚热带干旱气候区和西藏—滇西热带干旱气候区共5个气候区,其中北方暖温带温暖潮湿气候区与中部热带—亚热带半干旱—半潮湿气候区的界线较早侏罗世早期和中侏罗世早期偏北4°～8°(纬度),亦说明早侏罗世晚期发生了升温事件。此升温事件与中亚和西伯利亚的图阿尔期升温事件相当,其很可能是早侏罗世晚期图阿尔期大洋缺氧事件(T-OAE)在陆地生态系统中的响应。     

三塘湖盆地构造演化与油气聚集

三塘湖盆地处于西伯利亚板块南缘,早石炭世晚期,盆地褶皱基底形成;晚石炭世早期,总体处于碰撞期后伸展构造环境;晚石炭世晚期,洋壳消亡,断陷收缩与整体抬升,形成剥蚀不整合.早二叠世,进入陆内前陆盆地演化阶段;中二叠世,盆地进入推覆体前缘前陆盆地发育期;晚二叠世,构造褶皱回返,前陆盆地消失;三叠纪晚期至侏罗纪中期,进入统一坳...     

华北克拉通东部早白垩世伸展盆地的发育过程及其对克拉通的破坏

在晚侏罗世华北克拉通东部破坏之初出现了区域性隆起,全区缺失上侏罗统沉积。在早白垩世早期,出现了区域性的伸展活动,断陷盆地形成,克拉通南、北缘伸展活动最强,北部燕山构造带以出现变质核杂岩为特征,南部出现宽裂谷型盆地。早白垩世中期华北克拉通东部普遍出现了火山活动与岩浆侵入。早白垩世晚期克拉通上以出现窄裂谷型盆地为特征,沿北北东走向的郯庐断裂带断陷活动最强。这些断陷盆地的演化过程揭示,经历地表抬升后,克拉通破坏之初的岩石圈热而弱,从而形成变质核杂岩或宽裂谷型盆地。这期间的破坏强度在空间上具有不均匀分布的特征,受控于早期岩石圈地幔的结构。经过早白垩世中期的大量岩浆活动之后,早白垩世晚期克拉通岩石圈温度降低、强度变大,从而利用早期大型断裂构造形成窄裂谷型盆地。这现象支持华北克拉通东部晚中生代的岩石圈减薄是以逐渐拆沉机制为主。     

Synrift sedimentation on the northern Tethys margin: an example from the Ligurian Alps (Upper Triassic to Lower Cretaceous,Prepiedmont domain,Italy)

The Prepiedmont domain succession of the Ligurian Alps is formed by a thick Mesozoic sedimentary cover tectonically detached from its substratum. The Arnasco–Castelbianco unit preserves the most complete record of the Ligurian Prepiedmont, although completely overturned and deformed due to Alpine tectonics. It is composed of carbonate and clastic rocks deposited during the Upper Triassic to Lower Cretaceous interval. This paper is focused on the stratigraphy of the Jurassic series and its relationships to the Tethyan rifting. Each term of the sedimentary record is seen as a witness of the several phases through which the rifting took place. An early rifting phase (Late Hettangian to Early Sinemurian) brought to the formation of a normal fault system affecting the carbonate platform and favoured the development of condensed sedimentation on pelagic highs. The rapid transition from open-platform carbonates to slope-basin cherty limestones testifies the increased subsidence of the margin in the Late Sinemurian, during which moderate fault activity is recorded (intraformational breccia horizons). Until the Early Pliensbachian, a tectonic pause brought to the sedimentation of a succession of pelagic carbonates, occasionally interrupted by clastic flows. During the Late Pliensbachian (?) to Toarcian, the rifting phase followed, evidenced by the large amount of clastics and generated by renewed fault activity. Clastics flowed down into the basin as fluxoturbidites first, and then passed to breccias during the maximum tectonic pulse. In the Late Toarcian to Aalenian (?), the thermal uplift of the Briançonnais shoulder generated a basin fill of fine clastics. The following thermal subsidence (Aalenian to Tithonian) favoured the restoration of quiet basinal conditions evidenced by the deposition of radiolarites.     

羌塘盆地中部侏罗系埋藏史和生烃史

综合野外观测、地震反射、钻探标定及镜质体反射率、古地温等相关资料,分析羌塘盆地中部不同地区侏罗系海相沉积地层的埋藏史、热史和生烃史。结果显示,羌塘盆地万安湖地区、半岛湖背斜、阿木错地区、比洛错古油藏早侏罗世海相泥页岩在沉积之后,中、晚侏罗世埋深快速增加,镜质体反射率R_o随之增大,晚侏罗世早中期下侏罗统泥页岩镜质体反射率R_o增至0.5%,主力烃源岩进入生烃门限开始生烃;早白垩世早期145～143Ma侏罗系海相地层埋深、古地温和R_o达到极大值,比洛错油页岩开始早期生油,阿木错主力烃源岩进入第一期生烃高峰。早白垩世构造隆升及风化剥蚀导致侏罗系海相地层向上折返,埋深减小,晚白垩世和古近纪早期前陆凹陷和红层沉积导致侏罗系海相地层埋深增加。比洛错古油藏Toarcian期油页岩晚白垩世末期古地温和R_o达到最大值,～66Ma形成生烃高峰;阿木错地区Toarcian期含油泥页岩始新世中期～43Ma埋深达到最大值,形成第二期生烃高峰。     

兰坪盆地演化与成矿特征

兰坪盆地的演化受控于盆地所处的构造背景,经历了中三叠世至早侏罗世的陆内裂谷盆地、中-晚侏罗世的拗陷盆地、白垩纪的前陆盆地、古新世-中新世的走滑盆地。盆内成矿与盆地性质密切相关,陆内裂谷盆地阶段是重要的成矿期,具热水沉积矿床特征;拗陷盆地阶段多形成铜多金属矿床;前陆盆地阶段为喜山期的成矿作了物质准备;走滑盆地阶段,由于推覆构造活动强烈,深部流体和浅部红层中的盆地流体的混合,提供了大量的矿物质,并就位于构造圈闭中,形成如金顶铅锌矿等大型矿床。     

Lower Jurassic palynostratigraphy of Eastern Siberia

This paper presents the results of a palynological study of the natural outcrops of the Lower and Middle Jurassic on the Kelimyar River (Outcrops 5, 6, 7, 14, and 16) and two boreholes, Middle-Nakynskaya and Ygyata-Tyungskaya 1, in Eastern Siberia. The Ukugut, Tyung, Motorchuna, Suntar, Kyrin, and Kelimyar formations were studied. Six biostrata with dinocysts were established for the Upper Sinemurian–Toarcian. The analysis of the stratigraphic ranges of dinocysts in the sections allowed the identification of the stratigraphic ranges for important genera of dinocysts, which enabled the updating of the geochronology of some biostrata. Three main stages of the evolution of dinocysts in the Early Jurassic in the Siberian Paleobasin were characterized by the appearance, diversification, and disappearance of some orders of dinocysts at certain times. Seven biostrata (beds with characteristic palynoassemblages) were established for the upper Sinemurian–Toarcian on the basis of the study of the taxonomic composition of spores and pollen of land plants and successive changes in the composition of the palynospectra.     

大巴山构造带东段秭归盆地侏罗纪沉积充填过程及其构造演化

位于大巴山构造带东段秭归盆地较为完整地保存了侏罗纪地层,其沉积和构造演化过程可划分两个不同阶段,即早侏罗世受西北缘断裂走滑控制的伸展阶段和中、晚侏罗世受东部黄陵地区抬升挤压消亡的阶段。下侏罗统香溪组底部砾岩表明侏罗纪盆地开始形成。盆地北缘的砾岩较厚,主要形成于冲积扇和辫状河体系,并在其砾石中发现化石砾石,显示距离物源区较近。盆地东南部和南部砾岩较薄,形成于曲流河沉积环境。古水流和碎屑物源分析表明,盆地早期沉积物主要来自于盆地北部神农架地区。中侏罗统泄滩组和陈家湾组以湖泊相沉积为主。上沙溪庙组和下沙溪庙组为较成熟的曲流河沉积,沉积砾岩中无灰岩和燧石,几乎全部为泥岩砾石。上侏罗统遂宁组和蓬莱镇组虽然也为曲流河沉积,但其河床砂岩底部再次出现了灰岩、燧石等砾石。另外,中侏罗统上部和上侏罗统古水流方向为自东向西,指示物源区变为盆地东部的黄陵背斜地区。盆地的沉积充填特征和盆地西北缘具左行走滑运动的高桥断裂,以及北部南倾的多条逆断层表明断层对盆地形成的主控作用。黄陵背斜地区后期的不断抬升对秭归盆地有重大影响,持续的抬升可能导致盆地消亡。秭归盆地的沉积充填和演化过程,是对大巴山构造带东段“燕山运动”的响应。     

PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND EVOLUTION OF THE CENO-TETHYS: MICROPALEONTOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FROM PELAGIC SEDIMENTS IN THE YARLUNG ZANGBO SUTURE ZONE, SOUTHERN TIBET

PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND EVOLUTION OF THE CENO-TETHYS: MICROPALEONTOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FROM PELAGIC SEDIMENTS IN THE YARLUNG ZANGBO SUTURE ZONE, SOUTHERN TIBET     

鲁西隆起区晚中生代地层碎屑石榴石分析及物源区构造演化示踪

以鲁西淄博、临朐、平邑、蒙阴盆地为重点研究区,通过盆地中生界砂岩中碎屑石榴石的成分分析,探讨鲁西隆起及周边地区中生代构造演化历史。研究表明,鲁西盆地砂岩中石榴石成分在早中侏罗世和中晚侏罗世期间出现变化,暗示着物源的转变,早中侏罗世时期主要物源是鲁西隆起,中晚侏罗世时期转变为胶东地区和鲁西隆起。侏罗纪时期石榴石的物源转变显示,苏鲁苏鲁造山带可能在中晚侏罗世时期已经抬升至地表。白垩纪鲁西盆地物源主要为胶东地区,鲁西隆起的物源贡献较小,但是青山组中段和王氏组中段物源略有波动。白垩纪鲁西盆地石榴石物源显示,控制鲁西盆地沉积的主要是苏鲁造山带,古地理格架显示东高西低的特征,盆地物源的波动暗示鲁西隆起可能在早白垩世中晚期和晚白垩世中期经历过抬升。     

鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗纪-白垩纪原始面貌与古地理演化

鄂尔多斯盆地位于华北地台西部。在详细分析地层接触关系、构造界面特征、地层发育特征和连续性、盆地沉积与周边构造的关系、物源区性质、沉积体系配置与相分布、古水流样式等各种要素的基础上,重建了鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗纪至白垩纪的原始面貌,并将其演化划分为4个阶段。其中,第一阶段（早侏罗世至中侏罗世早期）和第二阶段（中侏罗世Bathonian—Callovian期）沉积盆地的范围和沉积体系的配置关系大体类似,两者最为重要的区别是前者有聚煤作用发生,后者没有煤层发育,其原因是古气候变化造成的;第三阶段（晚侏罗世）盆地收缩至桌子山—石沟驿—六盘山一线东侧;第四阶段（早白垩世）盆地的范围有所扩大,但东界可能被限制于现今的吕梁山以西。