自然资源在河南城市形成与发展中的作用

分析了河南省城市的形成发展和自然之间的关系。指出自然资源的匮乏与不合理利用是城市发展的主要限制因素，自然资源的综合利用是城市发展的方向。     

塔里木盆地西缘绿洲城市组群空间整合分析

以塔里木盆地西缘绿洲城市为例,通过因子分析、引力模型以及区位熵等方法对城市等级体系、城市经济联系强度、经济隶属度以及城市职能结构进行分析,得出结论:研究区内形成了以喀什市为中心,以阿图什市、莎车、巴楚为次中心的城市等级体系;中心城市喀什市与各县市经济联系广泛,"喀什市--疏附--疏勒"之间经济联系密切,区域内各城市对喀什市的经济隶属度最高;除喀什市和阿图什市城市职能较为综合外,其他城市职能单一.在此基础上分析城市组群的空间形态,提出喀什市、疏附、疏勒三者应整合为一个强核心的发展战略,构建了以喀什市为中心,南疆铁路沿线城镇带和沿315国道城镇带为"两带",两条沿边城镇带与沿214省道城镇带为三轴的"点--轴"发展战略;以"核心圈、紧密圈、辐射圈"为带动的圈层结构战略;将城市组群划分为北部喀什城镇组团、南部莎车城镇组团、东部巴楚城镇组团和西南塔什库尔干边境城镇组团四个内部组团的发展战略.文章最后指出了在我国城市空间整合发展的局限性和有待于进一步研究的问题.     

东北地区非资源型城市与资源型城市产业转型的对比研究

引用环境规制、资源依赖等属性指标,通过多元回归等方法比较2000-2017年东北地区非资源型城市与资源型城市产业结构合理化和高级化水平时空演变与影响因素差异,得出以下主要结论:①产业结构合理化与高级化水平均呈现阶段性提升,2017年非资源型与资源型城市的产业转型效果已无明显差距.②资源型城市产业结构合理化水平发展较非资...     

Interrogating urban experiments

The notion of the “urban experiment” has become increasingly prevalent and popular as a guiding concept and trope used by both scholars and policymakers, as well as by corporate actors with a stake in the future of the city. In this paper, we critically engage with this emerging focus on “urban experiments”, and with its articulation through the associated concepts of “living labs”, “future labs”, “urban labs” and the like. A critical engagement with the notion of urban experimentation is now not only useful, but a necessity: we introduce seven specific areas that need critical attention when considering urban experiments: these are focused on normativity, crisis discourses, the definition of “experimental subjects”, boundaries and boundedness, historical precedents, “dark” experiments and non-human experimental agency.     

Assembling/Worlding Cities

This article explores the assembling and worlding of cities as both aspirational and evaluative processes in which cities are assembled, compared, and “positioned.” These practices involve the global circulation of expertise, best practices, models, and technologies related to how best to develop and govern cities. From specific examples from the authors' research, it is argued that the two distinct but overlapping notions of assembling and worlding help us conceptualize the contemporary urban–global condition. Building on the article's insights, we end this Urban Pulse with some questions for future global urban studies.     

Relational Cities: Doha,Panama City,and Dubai as 21st Century EntrepÔts

In a dynamic global economy, emergent configurations of capitalist production produce novel spatial assemblages and correspondingly unique geometries of power. The “global cities” literature frames these transformative processes in terms of hierarchical world urban systems, providing a clear theoretical path to understanding the local implications of global spatial restructuring. This article develops the concept of the “relational city” as a transnational urbanist approach to understanding a particular subset of cities that are emblematic of the spatial transformations manifest through advanced capitalism. Relational cities are those constituted through globally critical flows of capital, goods, and ideas, and whose economies are dedicated to intermediary services such as offshore banking, container- and bulk-shipping, and regional re-exportation. Similar to gateway cities and entrepôts, relational cities are found eccentrically at one end of a fan-shaped network, connecting the global economy with a regional economic matrix. Drawing upon Doha, Dubai, and Panama City as illustrative case studies, this article suggests a new way of understanding urban change in a global context while simultaneously moving beyond the recurrent focus on the top-tier financial world cities of the Global North.     

Planetary urbanization: new perspectives on the debate

ABSTRACT

This essay is the introduction to the forum on Planetary Urbanization for the Debates and Interventions section     

中国资源型城市的职能分类与演化特征

资源型城市是中国式"问题城市"的代表,但它本质上不属于同一职能类型.随发展阶段的不同,资源型城市表现出不同的职能特点.本文利用全国城市职能分类的成果,按照优势职能、突出职能、职能强度和职能规模四要素对中国资源型城市的职能特征进行了整理.按照优势职能将资源型城市划分为典型期资源型城市和变异期资源型城市,按照突出职能划分为采掘业城市、制造业城市和商业城市,按照职能强度和职能多样化程度划分为职能专业化和职能多样化的资源型城市.中国资源型城市的职能具有多样化的趋向,但多数城市仍囿于采掘业城市和制造业城市的范畴,并且职能演化缓慢反复.这说明,资源型城市的转型仍将是一个长期的政策命题.     

Concentration or Dispersion? Location Choice of Commercial Developers in the Portland Metropolitan Area, 2000–2007

This study develops nested logit models to explore the location choice of commercial developers in the Portland metropolitan area, a region that is widely known for its progressive urban growth management. The purposes are to study the dynamics of urban spatial structure from the supply side of the real estate market and to test the capacity of regional governments to manage urban growth by influencing the location choices of developers. The model results indicate that commercial development in the Portland region showed a clear trend of decentralization from its central city. Decentralized commercial developments were not generally dispersed in suburban areas either. Instead, commercial developers tended to locate them in locations within or in close proximity to employment subcenters. Among many control variables tested in the models, availability of vacant land zoned for commercial and industrial purposes proved to be the most important predictor for new commercial development.     

Southern urbanism or a world of cities? Modes of enacting a more global urban geography in textbooks,teaching and research

Despite growing attentiveness to cities in the global south, questions remain as to how to enact a more global urban studies. We analyze five contemporary textbooks as a lens into how southern cities ought to be incorporated in teaching as well as the field of urban geography. We find both separate chapters for southern cities (southern urbanism), and southern cities integrated into existing thematic chapters (a world of cities). We further show that i) the global south is 2–33% of the content; ii) information about the south is typically more general than the north, but never as universal trends iii) representations differ not just in content but in style and iv) the south is exemplar or exception rather than as a source of theory. We suggest that geographers must continue their efforts in thinking about how southern cities should be incorporated in urban geography in and outside the classroom.     

Urban Primacy before Mark Jefferson

The phenomenon of urban primacy has been much studied in the social sciences since Mark Jefferson introduced the term in 1939. It is less well recognized that many European and American writers of stature from the late seventeenth century onward had discussed the same phenomenon under other names, often that of a “capital” or its cognates in other languages. Their work attests to the wide currency that the concept enjoyed and offered many important suggestions regarding urban primacy's causes and consequences. Jefferson nonetheless remains a central figure in the history of the idea for having inaugurated the coordinated academic study of the topic.     

旅游城市空间竞争探析

文章分析了旅游城市在空间竞争方面的主要特点及影响因素，探讨了提高旅游城市空间竞争力的有效途径，即塑造城市旅游形象，突出个性与特色；将旅游开发与城市建设有机结合，形成综合竞争力；实施全民工程，营造优良的城市旅游社会文化环境；与周边旅游城市进行合作，形成良性互动的双赢竞争局面。     

Localized Effects of Globalization: The Case of Ciudad Juárez,Chihuahua, Mexico

This paper explores how the rise of global industrialization has altered the internal complexion of Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, the largest and fastest growing of Mexico's northern border cities. First, we trace the political-economic history of Ciudad Juárez and other northern Mexican border cities in order to understand the context of rapid industrialization. Second, we document the dimensions of industrialization by tracing historic trends in population growth, industrial employment, and land-use change. Third, a deprivation index is developed to evaluate the effects of industrialization on quality-of-life at the neighborhood scale in Ciudad Juárez. Deprivation indices are calculated for 266 AGEBs (Mexican geostatistical districts) for the years 1990 and 1995, and changes in levels of deprivation are monitored over time. The analyses show that Ciudad Juárez has experienced unprecedented growth that altered the form, function, and social complexion of the city.     

Beyond the Metropolis: Urban Geography as if Small Cities Mattered

In-car satellite navigation systems (SatNavs) are among the first products based on geographic information systems to have widespread fashionable appeal. In the United Kingdom, portable versions that are easily installed on the dashboard or front windshield have become a popular vehicle accessory. As prices have fallen, demand has increased over the last few years to the point that SatNavs might soon achieve the ubiquity of in-car entertainment systems. The rise of popularity of SatNavs, however, has also brought with it increased vulnerability to vehicle crime. Our analysis for the London borough of Newham shows a threefold increase in SatNav theft that occurred from 2005–2006 to 2006–2007. This is not limited to SatNavs being on display, but criminals also looking for the telltale signs of suction marks on the windshield indicating that a portable SatNav might be in the glove compartment or trunk of the car. A geographical analysis of these crime data is presented. Whereas the geo-engineering has focused on improving real-time visualization of position and articulation of navigational instructions, the product engineering as a portable accessory has insufficiently addressed the social implications of vulnerability in a high-crime society, the consequence being a focused acquisitive crime wave.     

AVERAGE GLOBAL LOCATIONS

Global distributions are commonly described by maps and tables which emphasize the dispersion of a distribution. The Mean Spheroidal Center (M.S.C.) defines the average location of a world distribution. It is an objectively determined point within the sphere's surface. The M.S.C. calculations are demonstrated using the world's 25 largest cities in each of four time periods.     

APPRAISAL OF GEOGRAPHIC RESEARCH AND TRAINING PROGRAMS IN THE SOVIET UNION

Global distributions are commonly described by maps and tables which emphasize the dispersion of a distribution. The Mean Spheroidal Center (M.S.C.) defines the average location of a world distribution. It is an objectively determined point within the sphere's surface. The M.S.C. calculations are demonstrated using the world's 25 largest cities in each of four time periods.     

Transformations of the Spatial Hegemony of the Courtyard in Post-Soviet St. Petersburg

Abstract

The courtyard is a space that existed before, during, and now after the Soviet period in Russian urban history. Noting the change in the courtyard's formerly hegemonic position on daily trajectories illustrates both Harvey's and Lefebvre's suggestions for uncovering the way that spaces articulate social values. A particularly revealing case study occurs in the struggle over including courtyards in a Chinese developer's project for a new multi-use district outside St. Petersburg. A brief history of the courtyard in Soviet planning allows subsequent analysis of the ways in which the city administration, the Chinese design team, and Russian planners deployed the courtyard as a spatial code for social meaning in design discussions. Examining the change in function and conceptualization of the courtyard shows how different groups in post-Soviet Russia seek to retain or redeploy concepts of the “collective” as they attempt to remake St. Petersburg as a successful “world” city.     

城市收缩时代的适应战略和空间重构 ——基于日本网络型紧凑城市规划

通过对日本网络型紧凑城市规划的发展机制、发展政策和代表性案例--富山市和宇都宫市的探讨,归纳总结了日本中央和地方城市政府的收缩城市规划战略政策和空间重构规划方案,借此为陷入收缩境况的中国城市在战略取向和空间重构方面提出有益启示：1）勇于接纳和面对人口减少和城市收缩这一客观事实,积极采取激活城市收缩所带来的机遇的适应性战略,而不是采取促使人口再度增加的应对性战略;2）充分考虑人口减少和老龄化社会并存的城市收缩时代特征,通过城市功能集聚的“据点化”战略和公共交通系统主导的“网络化”战略,构建多中心连接的网络型紧凑城市空间结构;3）根据人口数量变化预测结果,动态地推动城市规模的精明收缩,开展匹配存量规划或减量规划的规模适当化规划。