新疆塔什库尔干5.5级地震建筑结构震害

2017年5月11日新疆塔什库尔干5.5级地震给震区建筑结构造成了不同程度破坏。选择震区钢筋混凝土（RC）框架结构、砖混结构以及土石木结构等3类典型建筑结构,介绍了各类建筑结构地震破坏特点,分析了震害特征与破坏机理。结果表明:RC框架结构在地震中表现出了优异的抗震性能,即使在震中区,破坏也仅仅表现为非结构性破坏,如填充墙开裂和吊顶脱落等;砖混结构绝大多数抗震性能优良,仅震中区的少数建筑物发生了承重墙墙体开裂情况;土石木结构房屋抗震性能最差,地震破坏最为严重,是导致该次地震人员伤亡主要原因。建议地震高烈度设防区房屋建筑应采用抗震性能较好的RC框架结构和砖混结构,而抗震性能差的土石木建筑房屋应尽量避免继续建设和使用。结果可供类似地区房屋建设和建筑结构抗震设计等工作参考。     

地震区城镇建筑框架结构概念设计

自从唐山大地震以来，我国地震专家及其科技人员通过长期分析研究地震所造成的危害，对地震的经验不断总结，对地震的破坏规律有了更深刻的认识，提出了“概念设计”的设计理念，要使结构具有良好的抗震性能和足够的抗震能力，“概念设计”比“结构设计”更为重要。主要通过对钢筋混凝土框架结构震害的统计分析，阐述了抗震“概念设讣”的有关问题。通过建筑场地选择、地基基础的设计、结构体系及结构构件的抗震设计等方面的分析，明确了“概念设计”的原则和要求，特别是针对工程实际中的钢筋混凝土结构的延性设计问题，总结了延性设计的要点及其实现方法，从而消除了建筑中的薄弱环节，提高了房屋结构的整体抗震性能。     

从欧洲抗震设计规范的一般规定浅谈结构抗震概念设计的重要性

由于地震的作用以及在这种作用下的结构与构件的受力状况的复杂性和不确定性,结构抗震设计的计算假定与实际情况存在各种差异,甚至有时还根本无法计算.因此在这种情况下,为确保抗震结构性能,就不得不依赖结构抗震的概念设计.结构抗震概念设计是指工程师们根据结构地震破坏的形态和长期积累的实际工程经验等总结形成的符合工程师专业知识的基...     

新疆新源、和静交界M_S6.6地震房屋建筑和震害特征分析

2012年6月30日新疆新源、和静交界MS6.6地震造成灾区大量工业与民用建筑遭到破坏。为了能对灾区今后恢复重建加强房屋的抗震性能提供依据,介绍了灾区房屋建筑结构类型和建筑特点,分析了各类房屋建筑的震害特征及其破坏原因,并对提高房屋的抗震能力提出了建议。     

九寨沟7.0级地震房屋震害现场调查及其破坏特征

2017年8月8日四川省阿坝州九寨沟县发生7.0级地震,震源深度20 km,造成大量房屋不同程度的破坏,引发地质灾害。针对Ⅷ、Ⅸ区的337栋不同结构类型的房屋进行了震害特征分析,给出震害矩阵,揭示各类结构房屋的破坏机理。经过统计,所调查的房屋中3.3%的建筑保持完好,19.9%的建筑发生轻微破坏,51.3%的建筑发生中等破坏,21.1%的建筑发生严重破坏,4.5%的建筑发生毁坏。经过调查,钢筋混凝土框架结构、大跨度空间结构、钢框架结构以及采用木板作为填充墙的穿斗式木构架房屋在本次地震中表现良好。分析表明,经过合理的抗震设计,基本达到了中震可修的抗震设防目标,极大程度地保护了人们的生命及财产安全。     

液化侧扩流场地桥梁桩基抗震研究进展

震害调查表明,强震下液化侧扩流场地桥梁桩基破坏严重。为此,国内外学者针对液化侧扩流场地桥梁桩基抗震问题开展了大量卓有成效的研究尝试。本文系统总结并评述了液化侧扩流场地桩-土-桥梁结构地震相互作用的基本规律、力学机理、荷载特征与失效机制及其影响因素等的研究成果,全面阐述了液化侧扩流场地桥梁桩基抗震方面的试验、分析方法与数值模拟技术的最新进展,并指出这类场地桩基抗震研究尚存在的主要问题与亟待解决的难题。这项工作对我国桥梁工程的抗震安全性具有重要意义,可供我国研究人员与工程师参考借鉴。     

城市轨道交通高架桥梁抗震设计中的关键问题

伴随我国城市轨道交通建设的快速发展,轨道交通抗震安全已成为我国大中型城市和地区生命安全、交通秩序、正常的经济和社会活动的重要保障。本文针对城市轨道交通高架桥梁结构和线路运行特点,结合国内外地震中铁路和轨道交通桥梁破坏特征,参照桥梁抗震设计思想和国内外桥梁抗震设计规范内容,综合论述了轨道交通抗震设计中抗震设防分类、设防标准与性能目标的确定,结构安全和行车安全指标的选取,桩-土相互作用、轨道系统和车辆作用的模拟等关键问题,并结合设计工作特点,对研究工作与设计工作的结合提出了建议。     

钢筋混凝土框架地震破坏研究概述

关于钢筋混凝土结构的破坏过程,是当前建筑抗震设计与研究中提出的新问题,本文介绍了国内外钢筋混凝土构件非线性地震反应分析和破坏过程研究的进展,和钢筋混凝土框架地震破坏评价的定量描述方法,以及钢筋混凝土框架结构地震破坏过程模拟的最新研究动态,指出地震工程研究领域中研究钢筋混凝土框架结构破坏过程有效手段。     

基于建筑抗震设计规范的设计用地震动分析

首先利用我国《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB 50011-2001)中的地震影响系数曲线,制成适合于我国抗震设计规范的人工地震波形,然后使用该人工波和日本现行设计用地震动,对隔震结构进行地震响应分析,最后由地震响应结果对所提出的模拟设计用地震动大小进行评价,得到一些有意义结论,供抗震设计人员在设计时参考。     

2021年日本福岛县东部海域MW7.1级地震建筑震害特征

北京时间2月13日22时07分（当地时间2月13日23时07分）在日本福岛县东部海域发生了M_W7.1级地震,震源深度50 km,震中位于北纬37.75度,东经141.75度。此次地震发生在2011年东日本大地震约10周年之际,震中位置亦非常接近。根据搜集到的资料,部分房屋受损,发生严重结构性破坏的结构相对较少。建筑内部的水管泄漏和柜体倾覆,建筑外部的装饰面板和玻璃等非结构构件的破坏是此次地震的主要建筑震害特征。此外,此次地震没有人员死亡或失踪,仅造成了约180人受伤。非结构的破坏,如柜子倾倒和玻璃破碎是造成人员受伤的重要原因。建筑抗震设防标准高以及居民防灾意识强是此次地震震害轻和人员伤亡少的主要原因。与此同时,尽管在日本抗震设计规范中已充分注意建筑非结构部件的抗震要求,但仍主要针对与人员生命安全、重大次生灾害直接相关的建筑非结构部件进行抗震计算设计,对大量与财产安全及功能运行相关的部件仅作一般构造性要求,在地震中仍难以避免因非结构部件破坏造成的人员伤亡和建筑功能中断。     

中强地震下建筑结构动力弹塑性损伤模型研究

抗震性能是建筑设计中的一项重要指标,需要对地震作用下的建筑结构动力弹塑性损伤情况进行分析。提出一种中强地震下建筑结构动力弹塑性损伤模型研究方法。从有效应力与Cauchy应力张量\,建筑材料损伤演化方程等方面对弹塑性损伤模型基本原理进行分析,以此为理论基础,分析建筑材料应变率与建筑结构损伤能释放率的相关关系,通过Bonora损伤模型获取失效建筑材料损伤指数,并计算整体建筑结构构件损伤指数,以建筑材料损伤指数和建筑结构构件损伤指数为依据,完成中强地震下的建筑结构动力弹塑性损伤模型构建。利用实例进行分析,地震加速度值为0.3g的情况下,该模型的建筑结构相对位移时程曲线与实际位移曲线拟合度较高,且具有较好的建筑结构动力弹塑性损伤模拟精度,表明该模型具有一定的可行性。     

一种简化的混凝土结构地震损伤评估模型及方法

随着地震工程学的发展和结构抗震设计思想和理论的进步,探讨结构在地震作用下的地震损伤破坏机理和基于结构性能的抗震设计方法(PBSD)逐渐得到了各国专家、学者的重视。而地震损伤评估的研究就是其中的一个重要方向。鉴于现阶段混凝土结构地震损伤评估方法的局限性,本文采用推广的混凝土材料的Mazars损伤模型,进而提出了一种基于常规有限元分析荷载子步的简化的地震损伤评估方法,这种方法实现简单,便于实际工程应用,同时具有一定的精细性。最后,将本文的损伤评估方法应用到一个钢筋混凝土框架的地震损伤评估实例中,分析结果与实验和实际的震害比较吻合,表明本文提出的模型和方法是有效的。     

RC剪力墙结构小震与中震设计对比及其抗震性能研究

近年来,国内学者强调对于复杂和超限结构需进行中震性能设计,即在小震弹性设计后进行中震下的承载力复核及调整,然而中震设计能否提高结构整体抗震性能仍存在争议.为探究中震设计与小震设计方法的差异,本文依据现行规范,以设防烈度、结构高度和场地类别为变化参数,建立了48个典型RC剪力墙模型,并分别以"小震"、"高规中震"、"广东...     

Seismic analysis of diagrid structural frames with shear-link fuse devices

This paper presents a new concept for enhancing the seismic ductility and damping capacity of diagrid structural frames by using shear-link fuse devices and its seismic performance is assessed through nonlinear static and dynamic analysis.The architectural elegancy of the diagrid structure attributed to its triangular leaning member configuration and high structural redundancy make this system a desirable choice for tall building design.However,forming a stable energy dissipation mechanism in diagrid framing remains to be investigated to expand its use in regions with high seismicity.To address this issue,a diagrid framing design is proposed here which provides a competitive design option in highly seismic regions through its increased ductility and improved energy dissipation capacity provided by replaceable shear links interconnecting the diagonal members at their ends.The structural characteristics and seismic behavior(capacity,stiffness,energy dissipation,ductility) of the diagrid structural frame are demonstrated with a 21-story building diagrid frame subjected to nonlinear static and dynamic analysis.The findings from the nonlinear time history analysis verify that satisfactory seismic performance can be achieved by the proposed diagrid frame subjected to design basis earthquakes in California.In particular,one appealing feature of the proposed diagrid building is its reduced residual displacement after strong earthquakes.     

Performance-based seismic design of nonstructural building components:The next frontier of earthquake engineering

With the development and implementation of performance-based earthquake engineering,harmonization of performance levels between structural and nonstructural components becomes vital. Even if the structural components of a building achieve a continuous or immediate occupancy performance level after a seismic event,failure of architectural,mechanical or electrical components can lower the performance level of the entire building system. This reduction in performance caused by the vulnerability of nonstructural components has been observed during recent earthquakes worldwide. Moreover,nonstructural damage has limited the functionality of critical facilities,such as hospitals,following major seismic events. The investment in nonstructural components and building contents is far greater than that of structural components and framing. Therefore,it is not surprising that in many past earthquakes,losses from damage to nonstructural components have exceeded losses from structural damage. Furthermore,the failure of nonstructural components can become a safety hazard or can hamper the safe movement of occupants evacuating buildings,or of rescue workers entering buildings. In comparison to structural components and systems,there is relatively limited information on the seismic design of nonstructural components. Basic research work in this area has been sparse,and the available codes and guidelines are usually,for the most part,based on past experiences,engineering judgment and intuition,rather than on objective experimental and analytical results. Often,design engineers are forced to start almost from square one after each earthquake event: to observe what went wrong and to try to prevent repetitions. This is a consequence of the empirical nature of current seismic regulations and guidelines for nonstructural components. This review paper summarizes current knowledge on the seismic design and analysis of nonstructural building components,identifying major knowledge gaps that will need to be filled by future research. Furthermore,considering recent trends in earthquake engineering,the paper explores how performance-based seismic design might be conceived for nonstructural components,drawing on recent developments made in the field of seismic design and hinting at the specific considerations required for nonstructural components.     

Energy capacity and seismic performance of RC waffle-flat plate structures under two components of far-field ground motions: Shake table tests

The bidirectional response of a portion of a reinforced concrete (RC) waffle-flat plate (WFP) structure subjected to far-field ground motions is studied through shake table tests. The test specimen is a scaled portion of a prototype structure designed under current building codes and located in a region of moderate seismicity of the Mediterranean area. The specimen was subjected to a sequence of tests of increasing acceleration amplitude that respectively represented very frequent, frequent, design, and very rare earthquakes at the site. The test structure performed well (basically in the elastic domain) under very frequent and frequent earthquakes, approached the boundary between the performance levels of life safety and near collapse under the design earthquake, and collapsed under the very rare earthquake. Damage concentrated at column bases and at the transverse beams of the exterior plate-to-column connection. Columns dissipated about 10% of the total energy that contributes to damage, and the rest was dissipated by the exterior plate-column connection. The total energy input on the structure until collapse under the bidirectional seismic action was very close to the value obtained in previous studies on a similar specimen tested under unidirectional ground motions. The capacity curve estimated from the experimental base shear vs top displacement relationship suggests it is best to use a behavior factor of at most q = 2 when designing WFP structures with the reduced-spectrum force-based approach.     

多维地震作用下钢筋混凝土建筑结构的抗连续倒塌仿真分析

为了提高钢筋混凝土建筑结构的抗震性能,分析多维地震作用下钢筋混凝土建筑结构的抗连续倒塌能力,结合钢筋混凝土建筑结构特性、节点构造特点以及其在多维地震作用下的破坏机理,采用离散单元法建立结构连续倒塌的理论模型,对建筑结构连续倒塌过程进行数值模拟。基于数值模拟化结果,通过备用荷载路径法,实现建筑结构的抗连续倒塌分析。仿真实验结果得出,所提方法能实现对建筑结构抗连续倒塌的准确分析,且在多维地震作用下建筑结构扭转的幅度明显变大,结构顶层位移发散状态显著,不同楼层会产生不同的层间位移以及薄弱部位,建筑结构的抗连续倒塌性能随着失效构件位置的提升而增强。     

Performance-based seismic design of nonstructural building components: The next frontier of earthquake engineering

With the development and implementation of performance-based earthquake engineering, harmonization of performance levels between structural and nonstructural components becomes vital. Even if the structural components of a building achieve a continuous or immediate occupancy performance level after a seismic event, failure of architectural, mechanical or electrical components can lower the performance level of the entire building system. This reduction in performance caused by the vulnerability of nonstructural components has been observed during recent earthquakes worldwide. Moreover, nonstructural damage has limited the functionality of critical facilities, such as hospitals, following major seismic events. The investment in nonstructural components and building contents is far greater than that of structural components and framing. Therefore, it is not surprising that in many past earthquakes, losses from damage to nonstructural components have exceeded losses from structural damage. Furthermore, the failure of nonstructural components can become a safety hazard or can hamper the safe movement of occupants evacuating buildings, or of rescue workers entering buildings. In comparison to structural components and systems, there is relatively limited information on the seismic design of nonstructural components. Basic research work in this area has been sparse, and the available codes and guidelines are usually, for the most part, based on past experiences, engineering judgment and intuition, rather than on objective experimental and analytical results. Often, design engineers are forced to start almost from square one after each earthquake event: to observe what went wrong and to try to prevent repetitions. This is a consequence of the empirical nature of current seismic regulations and guidelines for nonstructural components. This review paper summarizes current knowledge on the seismic design and analysis of nonstructural building components, identifying major knowledge gaps that will need to be filled by future research. Furthermore, considering recent trends in earthquake engineering, the paper explores how performance-based seismic design might be conceived for nonstructural components, drawing on recent developments made in the field of seismic design and hinting at the specific considerations required for nonstructural components.     

基于能量方法设计的RC框架结构易损性分析

基于“强柱弱梁”的屈服机制,依据能量平衡方法设计了某6层RC框架结构,采用震级-震中距条带地震动记录选取方法,选取12条随机地震动,利用Perform-3D有限元分析软件对结构进行增量动力（IDA）分析,得到了结构的地震易损性曲线、破坏状态概率曲线以及结构破坏概率矩阵。分析结果表明:该方法设计的结构能够形成预设的“强柱弱梁”屈服机制,可以保证结构中梁充分参与耗能,同时结构具有较强的抗倒塌能力,可以满足“小震不坏,中震可修,大震不倒”的性能要求。