气溶胶对中国中纬度夏季低层风速的影响

利用中国中纬度133个气象站夏季14:00(北京时)气候观测资料和2002-2018年MODIS夏季气溶胶光学厚度AOD(Aerosol Optical Depth)资料,把气候资料按气溶胶变化的转折年分为两个时间序列(建站至2011年,建站至2018年),通过对两个时间序列各站夏季风速、温度、海平面气压年变率和AOD...     

大气气溶胶光学厚度与大气污染物及气象因素关系的时间序列研究

为探讨大气气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth,AOD)与大气污染物及气象因素的关系,进而为AOD的科学预测提供参考,应用时间序列研究分析了2002年1月～2004年12月的杭州市大气AOD与污染物及气象因素数据,并以前35个月的数据建立时间序列ARIMA(Autoregressive Integ...     

中国西南地区气溶胶光学厚度的时空特征

采用MODIS卫星遥感产品研究西南地区气溶胶季节变化,并对成都和香格里拉两站2008年的太阳光度计观测资料进行分析。结果表明西南地区气溶胶光学厚度(AOD Aerosol Optical Depth)全年呈西低东高的地理分布特征,但东西部季节变化特征不同:西南地区东部AOD有春季最大,秋冬次之,夏季最小的演变特征,并且在四川盆地,黔、渝、湘交界和广西中部有三个明显的AOD高值区。西南地区西部AOD有春季最大,夏秋次之,冬季最小的演变特征,无明显高值区。太阳光度计资料分析表明,成都地区AOD日变化呈准双峰型,香格里拉AOD日变化呈上升趋势。     

东亚冬季风异常对区域气溶胶分布的影响

气溶胶已是东亚地区最主要的大气污染物之一,其时空分布会受到东亚季风气候的影响.利用2000～2014年MODIS/AOD (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer/Aerosol Optical Depth)和NCEP月平均气象场再分析资料,本研究分析了东亚冬季风长期...     

上海市PM_(10)浓度四季遥感模型研究

通过分析2001—2012年上海市PM_(10)浓度(由API(Air Pollution Index)转化得到)的变化规律,构建了上海市PM_(10)浓度的遥感反演模型。结果表明:1)上海市PM_(10)浓度存在季节性变化,应分别建立遥感反演模型。2)分析MODIS气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth,AOD)产品与PM_(10)浓度之间的相关性发现,AOD须经过垂直和湿度订正才可与PM_(10)建立较好的关系。3)结合垂直和湿度订正分别建立的上海市PM_(10)浓度春夏秋冬四季的遥感反演模型均通过了拟合度检验,其中春季模型采用指数函数、夏季和秋季模型采用二次多项式函数、冬季采用幂函数、全年采用二次多项式函数,利用此四季模型反演上海市PM_(10)浓度具有较高的可信度。     

全球不同类型气溶胶光学厚度的时空分布特征

利用MERRA-2(第2版现代研究与应用再分析)资料分析了1980-2017年全球硫酸盐、黑碳、有机碳、海盐、沙尘及总气溶胶光学厚度的时空分布特征;选取了北美、北非、南非、印度、中国和印度洋6个典型区域研究了硫酸盐、黑碳、有机碳、海盐和沙尘气溶胶对总气溶胶光学厚度的贡献率。结果表明,硫酸盐、黑碳、有机碳、海盐和沙尘气溶胶在全球非均匀分布,并且具有季节变化;全球总气溶胶的光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth,AOD)在夏季最大(0.137),春季次之(0.130),冬季最小(0.118);在6个典型区域里,北非地区总气溶胶的光学厚度最大,为0.43;其次是中国的东部地区,为0.41;每个区域其主要气溶胶的类型并不相同,在北美、中国东部及印度中部地区,硫酸盐是主导的气溶胶类型,贡献率分别为66%,63%和42%,在印度洋、南非及北非地区,海盐、有机碳和沙尘分别是最主要的气溶胶类型,贡献率分别为65%,51%和82%;对于黑碳、硫酸盐和总气溶胶,中国东部地区和印度中部地区有较为明显的增长趋势,其中总气溶胶光学厚度的线性增长率分别为0.007 a^-1和0.0056 a^-1,但在2010年以后,中国东部地区出现明显的下降。     

利用多源数据建立GA-BP算法模型估算PM2.5的研究

利用MODIS AOD(Aerosol Optical Depth)3 km分辨率的L2产品并辅以地面气象测量站点和环保监测站点的逐小时数据,对2017-2018年南京地面各站点进行数据匹配,分析估算PM2.5的各相关组合因子,然后利用GA-BP神经网络算法构建卫星数据辅以地面气象数据来估算PM2.5质量浓度的机器学习...     

青藏高原沙尘气溶胶时空变化及其来源地分析

沙尘气溶胶作为地球大气气溶胶的重要组成部分,对全球气候、生态环境和人体健康都有重要影响。厘清青藏高原地区的沙尘气溶胶时空分布变化,对研究青藏高原沙尘气溶胶气候环境效应有重要意义。利用风云卫星遥感资料、再分析资料等多源数据,统计分析了1999-2020年青藏高原上空沙尘气溶胶的时空分布特征。高原沙尘活动强度在季风期明显高于非季风期,沙尘气溶胶光学厚度（Dust Optical Depth, DOD）在春、夏、秋、冬季的多年平均分别为0.176、 0.064、 0.032、 0.060,气溶胶光学厚度（Aerosol Optical Depth, AOD）为0.223、 0.118、 0.069、 0.117。柴达木盆地是青藏高原地区沙尘活动最活跃的区域,在高原西部和南部监测到零星沙尘活动。2018-2020年,青藏高原上空发生沙尘事件的天数分别为：192天、 218天和212天。东亚地区沙尘源地（约62%）与中东、中亚地区沙尘源地（约30%）分别是高原北部和南部沙尘气溶胶的主要来源,源自北非地区的沙尘主要影响高原南部的高海拔地区。青藏高原地区沙尘活动在2000-2012年强度较高,201...     

乌鲁木齐市MODIS气溶胶光学厚度与空气质量指数相关性分析

利用MODIS气溶胶光学厚度(AOD,Aerosol Optical Depth)产品与同期乌鲁木齐市空气质量指数进行相关性分析,得到二者的相关系数为0.664。对MODIS AOD产品进行垂直和湿度订正后,二者的相关性显著提高,相关系数从0.664提高到0.805。订正后按季节分类统计,春、夏、秋3季的相关系数分别为0.775、0.608和0.822,其中秋季的订正更为有效,可用性更高。这可能受到不同季节气溶胶来源、特征以及数据样本差异的影响。最后分别建立全年、春季、夏季和秋季的线性、对数、一元二次、乘幂和指数5种类型的拟合模型。考虑模型易于利用的因素,依据各拟合模型相关系数的大小得到全年以及各季节最优拟合模型,该模型函数可用来反演和监测乌鲁木齐市空气质量指数。     

典型站点气溶胶对云特性的影响

结合Cloud Sat对云的主动观测和MODIS(MODerate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)对气溶胶的被动反演,研究了典型站点气溶胶对云的宏观、微观和辐射特性的影响。结果表明,气溶胶对大陆性和海洋性站点的云均有显著影响。1)随气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth,AOD)增加,水汽含量较弱站点的低层(高层)云量呈减小(增加)趋势,而水汽条件较强站点的各层云量均增大,且具有较高(较低)云顶的云层发生概率在各个站点都呈增加(减小)趋势。2)AOD的增大导致各站点云滴和冰晶粒子的有效半径均减小、大气层顶的短波和长波云辐射强迫均增强、短波云辐射强迫绝对值的加强更显著、长波云辐射强迫增加的幅度相对更大。3)气象要素在AOD大(小)值情况下的变化表明,大尺度动力条件并不能解释云的上述特性随AOD的显著改变。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.