论滕刚的文体自觉

滕刚的微型小说的文体自觉表现在作品高屋建瓴的立意、陌生化的艺术手段和整体性的系列化等方面,他的创作实践代表微型小说发展的一种倾向。     

精神家园的守护神——论《个人履历表——滕刚微型小说100篇》的人文关怀

作家滕刚作品集《个人履历表——滕刚微型小说100篇》中温婉的人文关怀,不但有一定广度,而且有一定深度。就其主题涉及的范围来看,主要表现为考问生命的意义、关注弱势群体、体恤男性处境。其品充满了对人的精神世界的关注,他的人文关怀不仅糅合了时代元素,而且对一些落后的传统观念也进行了大胆的质疑。     

鲫(♀)鲤(♂)杂交F_1代精巢细胞学研究

用石蜡切片技术、电镜方法研究了鲫（♀）鲤（♂）杂交Ｆ１代精巢的细胞组织。结果显示雄性个体的生殖腺具有三种不同的类型：（１）完全能育型,个体能形成正常的精子。Ⅰ期精巢只有分散排列的精原细胞;Ⅱ期精巢精原细胞排列成束,有管无腔;Ⅲ期精巢由精原细胞和由它分化而成的初级精母细胞组成精细小管;Ⅳ期精巢内有精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞;Ⅴ期出现了由精子细胞变态而成的成熟精子。正常的精子由头、颈、尾构成。（２）不完全能育型。有少数精子细胞可以通过变态形成正常的精子,大多数生精细胞从精母细胞到形成精子是异常的,如核物质不规则浓缩、染色体不等分离。（３）完全不育型,包括有两性嵌合体和非两性嵌合体,都不能产生成熟的精子。     

鲫鲤杂交一代（F_1）自交的受精细胞学观察

采用人工催产、波恩氏液固定、石蜡切片和Ｈ·Ｅ染色等方法，研究了杂交一代（Ｆ１）自交的受精细胞学过程。结果表明，鲫鲤杂交一代自交时有正常的受精细胞学过程。受精后，卵子完成第二次成熟分裂，排出第二极体；１５ｍｉｎ，雌雄性原核形成，２０ｍｉｎ，两性原核完全融合，形成二倍体的合子，４０ｍｉｎ，开始进行卵裂；１ｈ，两个分裂球出现，本实验为Ｆ２代是二倍体提供了证据。     

磺酸甜菜碱型聚丙烯酰胺/铬凝胶的自修复性能

为了探索磺酸甜菜碱型两性聚丙烯酰胺/铬凝胶的自修复行为,分析体系中聚丙烯酰胺的类型、酸的种类,以及重铬酸钠、硫脲的质量分数、硫酸钠质量浓度对凝胶自修复行为的影响.结果表明:磺酸甜菜碱型两性聚丙烯酰胺/铬凝胶的自修复行为主要与两性聚丙烯酰胺的分子结构有关,凝胶经剪切破碎后,聚合物分子的疏水作用和静电作用导致凝胶的重新聚集而实现自修复;无机盐硫酸钠质量浓度是影响凝胶自修复性能的一个重要因素,最佳硫酸钠质量浓度为220~1 600mg/L;酸的种类与凝胶的自修复性能无关,主要是影响凝胶的成胶时间,其中乳酸能够形成有机铬,铬离子经过水解和羟桥作用形成多核羟桥络离子,再与聚丙烯酰胺中的—COO—配位形成网络结构的凝胶;重铬酸钠和硫脲为体系提供Cr3+,它们的质量浓度与凝胶的自修复行为无关.南5-10-P50井组应用结果表明:60d后凝胶黏度恢复率超过60%,调剖后启动压力平均提高3 MPa以上.     

地震预报，路在何方？

地震到底能不能预报?汶川地震后出现了对立的声音。其实,这种对立始终存在。地震,是地壳运动的表现,是存在于客观中的自然现象。有发生发展过程,自然也就有了规律。认识了规律地震就可以预测,对于人类     

凡纳滨对虾多酚氧化酶的纯化鉴定与生物信息学分析

【目的】从凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)中分离纯化多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol Oxidase,PPO),进行质谱鉴定,分析其生物学信息。【方法】采用硫酸铵沉淀结合柱层析法从虾头胸部中提取纯化PPO,电泳法确定其分子质量,采用液相质谱联用法分析氨基酸序列结构,根据分析结果,同源建模并进行评估。【结果与结论】获得了高纯度的PPO,其纯化倍数为65.7,酶比活力达650.1 U/mg蛋白,得率为29.5%。PPO分子质量约为72 ku。经质谱检测分析和basic local alignment search tool(BLAST)序列比对,纯化蛋白与凡纳滨对虾酚氧化酶原的氨基酸序列相似性为65%,匹配度分值为11 321,确认为PPO。PPO是一种亲水性大于疏水性的两性蛋白,二级结构以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主,建立的PPO三维结构模型可靠性较高。     

河西务构造带J１１断块储层非均质性

针对渤海湾盆地廊固凹陷河西务构造带J１１断块沙四上亚段Ⅰ~Ⅲ砂组储层的非均质性进行了分析,从微观和宏观两个方面入手,分析了其主控因素.结果表明:研究区储层非均质性表现为层内非均质性、层间非均质性、平面非均质性和岩石微观非均质性.层内非均质性主要受渗透率韵律类型、夹层分布特征差异影响;层间非均质性主要受隔层分布特征、分层系数、砂岩密度特征影响;平面非均质性主要受砂体连续性影响;微观非均质性主要受岩石结构及孔隙结构影响.沉积环境和成岩作用是储层非均质性的主控因素.通过对上述影响因素的分析,对研究区主力小层进行了储层评价,预测有利储层分布在研究区的东南部和西南部地区,为下一步勘探开发提供了一定的依据.      

基于列车运行网络的中国城市中心性分析

 本文基于铁路运行网络,利用复杂网络分析方法中的中心性评价指标,对城市在铁路网络中的中心性进行了分析。我们根据列车时刻表基于L空间模型,构建了铁路运营网络,计算了铁路运营网络中节点城市的不同中心性指标,包括度中心性、邻近中心性和介中心性。这3个指标从不同角度衡量了城市在铁路运输网络中的地位和功能,我们分析了这3个中心性指标的空间分布特征及相关性,并探讨了中心性指标与城市发展之间的关系,进一步揭示铁路网络结构对城市发展的影响。     

从可持续发展的物质体系谈辽宁省的矿业与环境

从矿业资源、环境与生态的平衡关系出发,讨论了矿业资源领域在社会经济发展中的极其重要的基础地位;从矿产资源的不可再生性等特点讨论了矿业资源的可持续发展对全社会经济可持续发展战略实施的决定性作用; 从矿产资源开发、利用的现状已对环境产生的危害和正在产生的危害,讨论了矿业可持续发展的必要性、紧迫性和艰巨性。通过对辽宁省矿产资源的特点、矿业开发利用的现状及其矿业环境的分析, 讨论了矿业开发利用与矿山环境保护之间内在的、不可分割性和影响因素,并在此基础上提出了建议。     

洪浩尔舒特凹陷油气藏形成条件与勘探实践

洪浩尔舒特是近年来二连新区勘探高速度、快节奏取得重要突破的一个凹陷。研究表明 ,该凹陷具有阿尔善组、腾一段两套有效烃源岩 ,阿尔善组、腾一段是主要储油层系 ,腾二段是重要含油层系 ,斜坡带上的鼻状构造、洼中的反转背斜、陡带断鼻是油气聚集的主要场所。储油岩主要为扇三角洲、水下扇沉积的岩屑砂岩、含砾砂岩 ,富含火山碎屑成分 ,凝灰质、高岭石粘土含量高 ,储层物性差 ,油层易受污染 ,油层保护是获得油气勘探突破的重要保障 ,压裂改造是获得较高产量的重要手段     

藤县钛铁矿资源开发面临的若干问题与对策

文章根据藤县钛铁矿开发利用情况，分析了当前该县钛铁矿开发利用面临的几个问题，探讨了在市场经济体制转换的新形势下进一步抓好开发利用的措施与对策     

Effects of sexual reproduction of the inferior competitor Brachionus calyciflorus on its fitness against Brachionus angularis

Sexual reproduction adversely affects the population growth of cyclic parthenogenetic animals. The density-dependent sexual reproduction of a superior competitor could mediate the coexistence. However,the cost of sex may make the inferior competitor more vulnerable. To investigate the effect of sexual reproduction on the inferior competitor,we experimentally paired the competition of one Brachionus angularis clone against three B rachionus calyciflorus clones. One of the B. calyciflorus clones showed a low propensity for sexual reproduction,while the other two showed high propensities. The results show that all B. calyciflorus clones were excluded in the competition for resources at low food level. The increased food level promoted the competition persistence,but the clones did not show a clear pattern. Both the cumulative population density and resting egg production increased with the food level. The cumulative population density decreased with the mixis investment,while the resting egg production increased with the mixis investment. A trade-off between the population growth and sexual reproduction was observed in this research. The results indicate that although higher mixis investment resulted in a lower population density,it would not determinately accelerate the exclusion process of the inferior competitor. On the contrary,higher mixis investment promoted resting egg production before being excluded and thus promised a longterm benefit. In conclusion,our results suggest that mixis investment,to some extent,favored the excluded inferior competitor under fierce competition or some other adverse conditions.     

Collecting Ophiocordyceps sinensis: an emerging livelihood strategy in the Garhwal,Indian Himalaya

In the Garhwal of Uttarakhand, India, the Bhotiya, an ethnically and culturally distinct tribal group, were historically engaged in seasonal migration(i.e. transhumance) to take advantage of scarce mountain resources and trade relations with Tibet. This livelihood practice has all but disappeared.Households are adapting to these changing circumstances by engaging in the collection and sale of the valuable alpine medicinal fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis, widely known as Cordyceps. The collection of this fungus has exploded, emerging as a lucrative yet high-risk livelihood strategy for many Bhotiya communities.The Bhotiyas' historic herding and trade-based interactions and knowledge of these alpine environments where Cordyceps are found uniquely positions them to access this valuable biological resource. Elsewhere in the Himalayan region, some households are earning as much as two-thirds of their income from the collection of Cordyceps; in China Cordyceps is now listed as an endangered species due to intense over-exploitation in the Tibetan Plateau.This paper seeks to fill the void in the scientific literature on the social, ecological and economic aspects of the emerging Cordyceps trade in the Garhwal. Our study investigates the socio-spatial dimensions of Cordyceps collection in the high alpine meadows. We document how a fusion of local knowledge and practice with alpine mountain systems has served to reinvigorate the economic integrity of mountain communities at a time of rapid socioeconomic change and to reimagine a new relationship between alpine resources and community well-being.The article offers suggestions to address the sustainability of both Cordyceps collection and livelihood activities which hinge on this fungus population. We find a need for(1) community-based conservation measures that are rooted in(2) secure resource access rights for local communities to continue sustainable collection and sale of Cordyceps and(3) participatory-and science-based processes for determining appropriate local collection numbers.     

An assessment of Yarsagumba (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) collection in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve,Nepal

Yarsagumba （Ophiocordyceps sinensis）, an endemic species to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most valuable medicinal mushrooms in the world. In Nepal, it is distributed largely in isolated patches of alpine grasslands of 3,000-5,000 m elevation. Although it is reported from 27 northernmost districts of Nepal, the local distribution pattern of this species is largely unknown. Furthermore, the collection system and local management regime of this species are not well documented. We conducted a field survey at Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve （DHR） among the different stakeholders in January-June 2012 to assess collection sites, patterns and trends and to understand the management regime. We estimated that about 75 kg of Yarsagumba is collected every year from DHR and the amount has been declining since 2008. To manage the resource, locals have initiated regulating the collection by issuing permits, taxing to the collectors, and monitoring the activities of harvesters with the help of park authorities. The revenue generated at local level from the permits has been used for community developmental activities.     

Paramonohystera weihaiensis sp.nov.(Xyalidae,Nematoda) from the intertidal beach of the Yellow Sea,China

A new species of free-living marine nematode of the genus Paramonohystera was described from the intertidal beach,Weihai.Paramonohystera weihaiensis sp.nov.is characterized by cervical region with a circle of long setae;tail sexual dimorphism,male tail angled dorsally with sharp narrowed of the body at the cloaca,female tail ordinary conico-cylindrical; spicules slender,2.5 abd long; gubemaculum plate,enlarged distal end with two teeth,without apophysis; precloacal supplements absent;Four caudal gland cells obviously extended to tail.The new species differs from the other fourteen known valid congeners by the combination of its characteristics:a circle of long cervical setae,tail sexual dimorphism,spicules slender,2.5 abd long,gubernaculum plate with a distal pair of teeth.     

Effect of salinity on growth and first sexual maturity of Exopalaemon carinicauda (Holthuis, 1950)

To determine the optimal salinity for growth and first sexual maturity of ExopaIaemon carinicauda, the effects of salinity on growth and reproductive performance of early juvenile prawns of E. carinicauda were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Postlarvae from the same female broodstock were reared at six salinity levels （5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30） for 12 weeks. The specific growth rate （SGR） and survival rate （SR） under different salinity levels in the first 6 weeks were calculated and compared. SGR was significantly influenced by salinity. Prawns reared in salinity of 10 grew significantly faster （P〈0.05） than those reared in salinities of 5, 20, 25, and 30. However, ANOVA confirmed that there was no significant effect among the six salinity levels on SR. For the next 6 weeks, the body length （BL）, body weight （BW） at the first sexual maturity, and the age at median sexual maturity （As0） of females were measured and compared. Female prawns reared at salinity of 10 presented significantly shorter A50, but no significant differences among the six salinity levels for BL and BW at the first sexual maturity were observed. Based on the above information, the optimal salinity for growth and first sexual maturity of juvenile E. carinicauda is approximately 10.     

面向任务的移动灾情快速采集直报技术与应用

本文针对我国目前灾情直报、灾情核查评估、灾害应急响应、遥感影像地面解译等重大灾害现场应急工作需求,提出了一种面向任务的移动灾情快速采集直报技术,并以这种技术的业务化应用为目标,详细阐述了自然灾害移动信息平台的整体建设方案。该技术以现场灾情采集工作图层为载体,以现场工作任务规划为核心,系统解决了现场灾情采集工作中多元灾情信息的一体化采集、快速集成、即时上报、实时监控、团队协作等技术难题。相对于目前广泛采用的"卫星定位+底图标绘+移动通信"技术模式,该技术具有4个方面的优势:灵活兼容任何现场灾情信息采集任务;避免了卫星导航系统定位精度不高导致的大量后期数据处理工作;实现了多元灾情信息的一体化采集与快速上报;能够支持多个现场小组协同工作。该技术开发的自然灾害移动信息平台,由终端子系统、后方服务子系统和支撑数据库组成,能够依托智能移动终端设备提供现场多元灾情数据的一体化采集、快速上报、实时在线集成、快速共享等功能。该技术应用于青海玉树地震结古镇倒房评估,现场评估工作组利用4台移动终端在3天内完成了685个斑块房屋倒损程度、房屋间数、单位造价、户数及人口等灾情指标的调查统计,采集的数据可直接用于数据分析,辅助决策支持。