超短基线定位的海上应用及精度评估

超短基线定位系统可以为水下调查设备提供精确的定位信息,是当今海洋探测工作必不可少的装备。超短基线定位系统的定位结果包含了多种来源的误差影响,对超短基线定位数据进行有效的处理是保证水下精确定位的前提。本文通过对超短基线基阵进行校准,并对其定位精度进行精度评估,对海上应用采集到的数据进行处理分析,对原始数据中出现的跳点进行剔除、滤波处理,得到较可靠的水下定位结果。     

超短基线定位系统在深拖探测中的应用

作为水下探测设备的载体,深拖系统可长时间大范围的进行海洋调查,其水下位置的准确与否,将直接关系到探测资料的可用度。该文从深拖水下导航定位的关键技术问题出发,总结了适用于深拖系统的水下定位方法,重点介绍了具备高稳定度、高精度等诸多优点的超短基线声学定位系统。结合实例,阐述了超短基线定位工作原理、误差分析及数据处理方法,在拖曳系统匀速直线运动状态下,基于抗差自适应卡尔曼滤波算法对超短基线定位数据进行了处理,滤除了定位数据中的跳点,得到了较平滑且与原始数据相吻合的滤波数据。     

超短基线定位原理及校正方法研究

通过探讨超短基线和GPS技术相结合的三维立体定位原理,分析超短基线定位误差来源,如安装偏差、声速误差、船姿态变化引起的偏差等,利用以最小二乘法为理论基础的动态校正法对超短基线定位误差进行了修正,将校正前后的定位数据标准偏差和剩余偏差处理后对比发现,这种方法可以极大地提高水下目标定位的精度,减少定位的误差,这也在实际应用...     

水下声学主动定位技术及其在载人潜水器上的应用

水下声学主动定位技术通过声应答的方式实现水下目标定位,主要分为长基线、短基线和超短基线等三种定位系统。它是海洋开发领域中的一个非常重要的组成部分,为水下目标探测、定位跟踪、海底地形勘探和水下遥控作业等各种高精度工作提供技术支持。在探讨以上三种水下声学主动定位技术的同时,并以"蛟龙号"为例,分析其在载人潜水器上的应用。     

超短基线系统定位精度改进方法

超短基线是一种常用的水声定位技术,与其它基线相比,超短基线定位系统基线基阵尺寸小,易于安装。由于在远距离误差发散快,超短基线作用距离不远,其远距离定位精度也不高。为了满足深海作业需要,提高超短基线远距离的定位精度,提出改进超短基线定位精度的两种方法,一种方法是通过改进基阵阵形,从而加大基阵孔径提高定位精度;另一种是通过使用宽带信号测向,采用相关峰内插时延估计的方法。经计算机仿真,通过两种方法改进后的超短基线系统定位精度都得到不同程度的提高。     

一种超短基线定位系统阵型的改进方法

超短基线随着作用距离增加,其定位误差也增大.为了满足远距离作业需要,提高超短基线远距离的定位精度,文中提出通过改进超短基线基阵阵型的方法来提高定位精度,但同时会带来相位模糊的问题,因此进一步提出一种利用双脉冲信号相位抗模糊的方法以保证在改进的阵型条件下能够正确地定位.仿真和实验结果证明通过阵型改进后的超短基线系统定位精度得到了很大的提高.     

水下声学定位和导航技术

本文介绍了短基线、超短基线和长基线的声学定位原理和特性。文章还对声学导航、水下跟踪。水下声学定位的应用、海洋工程用的导航技术、海洋勘探以及海洋地球物理调查等问题进行了讨论。     

海洋调查中水下目标位置的确定

介绍了海洋调查中测量设备拖曳体(拖鱼)的三种定位方法：舷挂式、LAYBACK方式和超短基线方式;分析了不同定位方法确定水下目标位置的差异,并进行了精度估计。     

水声定位技术的应用

1前言目前在水下进行定位和导航最常用的方法就是声学方法。由水下声发射器及接收器相互作用,可以构成声学定位系统。按接收基阵或应答器阵的基线长度,可分为长基线、短基线和超短基线三种声学定位系统。根据不同的定位要求,可以利用不同的定位系统。声学定位技术是对已知目标在一个特定的时间和空间中进行定位的技术。随着电子计算机微处理技术的发展和应用,它可以实时、快速、连续自动地显示出所需要的位置信息。声学定位系统与其它导航系     

用海洋GPS进行水下运动载体的三维定位

用单个装载超短基线的海洋GPS进行水下运动载体的三维定位,和三个智能型浮标进行水下运动载体的三维定位相比,定位精度相当,隐蔽性更好,造价更低,更具实用价值。本文对单个装载超短基线的海洋GPS进行水下运动载体三维定位的原理和精度进行了较为详细的讨论,并得到了一些有益的结论,以供同行参考。     

Development of real-time acoustic image recognition system using by autonomous marine vehicle

Automation of complicated underwater tasks require acoustic image based object recognition. This paper presents an acoustic image based real-time object recognition system. We proposed an acoustic image predictor to estimate an object's shape in advance. Depending on the acoustic camera's position, the predictor generates optimal template for recognition. The proposed method is implemented in our autonomous marine vehicle. For real-time processing, efficient recognition strategies are addressed. The vehicle detects an object and localizes it for recognition. In the detection process, the acoustic image's specific characteristics are used as the detection cues. In the localization process, the vehicle's horizontal and vertical positioning strategies are described. Efficient template generation method to minimize computing power is addressed. This realizes real-time recognition using the vehicle. To estimate the proposed system's accuracy and reliability, a recognition test was carried out in the field. The vehicle successfully recognized two different objects with high accuracy.     

基于单水声信标距离量测的匹配定位方法

水声通信和测距能力是实现水下航行器准确定位的重要技术手段。当前基于水声定位的方法主要有利用测距和测向功能的水声定位技术以及水声测距辅助导航技术,二者的系统物理复杂度都比较高。本文提出了一种基于单水声信标距离量测的匹配定位方法,航行器在水声信标测距覆盖范围内,利用航行过程中多次测距信息构建测距圆序列形成位置约束,基于航位推算导航信息,将航行器在连续测距时间段内的相对航迹在圆序列上进行最优匹配,从而获得位置估计,通过对测距误差进行补偿可进一步提升定位精度。本方法所需物理系统结构复杂度低、可操作性强,仿真实验表明,该方法可以独立实现较高精度的定位。     

基于航位推算/水声定位系统的水下拖体组合导航方法

针对航位推算系统位置误差发散、水声定位系统输出信息波动大的特点,利用基于航位推算/水声定位系统的组合导航方法进行深拖系统导航定位。先利用多普勒速度仪和罗经的输出数据进行航位推算得到拖体位置,然后将此位置与水声定位系统输出的位置进行数据融合,得到连续、平滑的高精度深拖系统导航数据,实现水下拖体的高精度定位。应用此方法对海试实验数据进行了处理,实验结果表明:采用组合方法后,既限制了位置误差的发散,又减小了数据波动幅度,可以得到平滑的高精度位置。     

A study of increasing the precision of navigation position for submerged body

Currently, most submerged bodies use the long-baseline acoustic position system (LBL) to identify the navigation position for submerging. A precise navigation position is always the target pursued by underwater technology. The conventional long-baseline acoustic position systems normally use Kalman filter correction to handle the problem of positional errors. This article proposes a new modification, which is based on the periodically measured actual navigation distance, and associated with the three-dimensional geometrical relations between the transponder on the seabed and the navigation distance. This new modification employs the iterative approximation to modify the errors of the measured navigation position from the conventional long-baseline acoustic position system. In order to verify the availability of the modified model by the essay, the study uses the navigation position for an underwater surveying submerged body as the study object. After the numerical simulation analysis, the result shows that the modification was presented by the article can only use very few iterations to precisely modify the errors of the measured navigation position from the conventional long-baseline acoustic position system, which is highly applicable for positioning in long-term and long-distance submersion. Moreover, the modification method proposed by the paper can also help submersion positioning for the underwater vehicle, as well as the military submerged body.     

Study mobile underwater positioning system with expendable and multi-functional bathythermographs

The purpose of the current study is to introduce a set of mobile underwater positioning systems (MUPS) that will enable non-offshore vessels to execute underwater missions. Besides mobility, the system would also possess the advantage of having to use fewer acoustic instruments than conventional acoustic positioning systems. The method adopted by the system will involve the use of expendable and multi-functional bathythermographs (XBT) to measure the underwater acoustic speed and the depth of water at the same time. Then it must utilize the geometric relations formed by measuring the position of underwater targets at set intervals during navigation. In addition, since sound does not travel in a straight line when underwater, the iteration and convergence method must be used to perform corrections on the transmission speed and positional errors to obtain an accurate coordinate of the underwater target. After simulation testing, the positioning system established by the current study has proven to be fast in converging the error values along with high positioning accuracy of the system. The results of the study indicate that the MUPS built by the research institute can be utilized on a vessel, and will be very helpful in assisting the management of urgent underwater positioning missions.     

Object detection and tracking method of AUV based on acoustic vision

This paper describes a new framework for object detection and tracking of AUV including underwater acoustic data interpolation, underwater acoustic images segmentation and underwater objects tracking. This framework is applied to the design of vision-based method for AUV based on the forward looking sonar sensor. First, the real-time data flow (underwater acoustic images) is pre-processed to form the whole underwater acoustic image, and the relevant position information of objects is extracted and determined. An improved method of double threshold segmentation is proposed to resolve the problem that the threshold cannot be adjusted adaptively in the traditional method. Second, a representation of region information is created in light of the Gaussian particle filter. The weighted integration strategy combining the area and invariant moment is proposed to perfect the weight of particles and to enhance the tracking robustness. Results obtained on the real acoustic vision platform of AUV during sea trials are displayed and discussed. They show that the proposed method can detect and track the moving objects underwater online, and it is effective and robust.     

基于卫星的水下载体实时水声定位模型

为适应水下载体高精度实时导航定位的需求,提出了基于卫星导航定位的浮标水声定位系统定位模式,主要讨论了长基线固定浮标定位系统和超短基线单体智能浮标系统的工作原理和点位计算模型,分析了水声定位系统定位的准确度和误差源,对促进全球海域实现全天候高精度完全水下自主定位具有一定的指导意义。     

Precise Positioning of Underwater Static Objects without Sound Speed Profile

A new method of positioning underwater static objects is presented based on Global Positioning System (GPS) acoustics. It adopts a model in which the ranging errors follow a quadratic relation with the travel time of acoustic signals. A least squares technique is used to estimate the effective sound speed. The precise location of an object can then be made. The simulation shows that the method is capable of determining the three-dimensional position with an accuracy of 5 cm in a water depth of 500 m. The operating time is respectively 5–10 minutes in 50–100 m depth and 20–30 minutes in 500 m depth.