分布式气象内容管理系统设计

提出了一套分布式气象内容管理系统的设计思路及其技术方法。以中国气象组织体系（包括中央及各省市的气象信息网络和服务器设备）为建设基础,采用LDM通信传输、存储/内容管理、图形化服务产品生成、本体化气象服务、行政区变尺度客观分析等构成组件,构建了覆盖中央及各省市气象业务和服务的分布式气象内容管理系统。实践运行表明,这种采用了统一定义、接口及信息表达方式的内容管理系统可有效提高气象数据的访问、分享及处理效率,加快了各种气象服务产品的开发速度,拓宽了气象信息的服务范围。     

气象影视素材数字化存储系统的设计及应用

介绍了利用非线性编辑系统和磁盘阵列等相关设备,对河南省气象影视中心保存的视音频素材进行数字化处理的方法,以及利用SQL数据库技术和ASP.NET编程语言,实现气象影视素材的数字化采集、信息标引编目、存储及管理、检索及共享等功能,建立河南省气象影视素材存储系统的关键技术。     

气象影视素材数字化存储系统的设计及应用

介绍了利用非线性编辑系统和磁盘阵列等相关设备,对河南省气象影视中心保存的视音频素材进行数字化处理的方法,以及利用SQL数据库技术和ASP．NET编程语言,实现气象影视素材的数字化采集、信息标引编目、存储及管理、检索及共享等功能,建立河南省气象影视素材存储系统的关键技术。     

统一检索界面技术初探

气象信息存储检索系统是将实时气象资料和历史气象资料进行统一的组织和管理，并提供检索服务的系统。由于数据量大，不可能都放在存取速度快但价格较高的磁盘上，因此必须将数据根据其访问频率分别存储在一级磁盘、二级自动磁带库和三级脱机磁带上，并结合使用商用数据库管理系统、数据迁移软件和存档软件对分布在各级存储设备上的数据进行管理。但由于这些软件之间存在的不衔接，不能对三级存储没备上的数据进行统一管理，也带来了用户检索界面不统一的问题。针对这个问题，本文对基于商用数据库技术的磁盘磁带数据的统一检索界面技术进行了探讨和研究，提出了统一检索界面的解决方案并在一定条件下，实现部分关键技术。     

促进青海气象影视服务及宣传工作科学发展的调研与思考

2012年6月,随全国部分兄弟省区的气象影视同仁,前往凤凰卫视参加了气象影视传媒学会组织的"电视气象节目培训班",收获较大,结合学习考察的收获、所见所闻、思考体会以及青海气象影视工作实际,进行了认真梳理,重点就如何提高气象影视宣传报道工作的策划制作能力,提出了几点思考与全省气象影视同仁交流,做一次"抛砖"性质的工作,共同促进我省气象影视服务与宣传工作的整体发展。     

共同拓展气象影视与短信气象服务新领域

全疆气象影视暨短信服务协作与技术研讨会9月15～17日在乌市召开。来自全疆各地州市气象局、国资办的主要领导或分管领导、各公司(实体)的经理和一线的业务技术人员70余人参加了会议。区局史玉光局长、周恒副局长参加会议并作了重要讲话。史局长在讲话中,就如何进一步加强全疆气象影视与短信气象服务工作及合作,提出了几点意见和要求。希望通过这次会议进一步认清形势,统一思想,形成共识,对全疆气象科技服务与产业大发展起到积极的推动作用。目前我区的气象影视工作已由过去传统单一地制作天气预报节目,发展到今天给各类影视媒体制作立足气…     

广西气象影视视频数据库建模分析

分析广西气象影视视频素材积累和再利用的实际情况,介绍了如何把视频数据库引入气象影视领域,建立广西气象影视视频数据库模型.     

提升气象影视服务能力的几点思考

气象影视服务是公共气象服务体系中的重要组成部分,通过各种媒体及时向社会公众发布气象灾害预报预警信息,是防灾减灾、服务大众的有效途径。而气象影视事业的快速发展,给气象电视节目提出了更高要求。文章从三个方面入手,对气象影视如何更好的服务于大众进行分析,从部门横向合作、节目创新、素材的优化与组合、网络传输等方面提出解决问题的思路和方法,以提高气象影视服务的水平和能力。     

全国综合气象信息共享系统的设计与实现

为满足对海量气象数据管理和服务的需求,国家气象信息中心设计开发了全国综合气象信息共享系统 (CIMISS)。该文描述了系统基本设计思路、功能结构、基础平台体系结构、信息流程,阐述了系统为用户提供的基础数据使用环境。系统由数据收集与分发系统、数据加工处理系统、数据存储管理系统、数据共享服务系统、业务监控系统5个业务子系统组成,承担数据收集、加工处理、存储管理、共享服务和业务监控任务。系统设计和开发采用了一系列现代信息技术,包括基于消息和文件共享的平台内信息交换、气象数据标准化分类、数据处理作业调度和算法的动态扩展、元数据的设计和应用、公共配置信息管理、全流程业务监视和调度控制、面向服务的多维度数据存储策略、全局数据访问视图和统一访问接口设计等。该系统为我国国家级和省级气象业务提供了统一规范的气象数据使用环境。     

气象影视素材数字化管理平台的设计与开发

内蒙古气象服务中心现在保存了大量的历史珍贵影视素材,为了提高其利用价值,内蒙古气象服务中心利用非线性编辑系统把这些视频资料和图片资料进行数字化整理,文章通过构建数据库系统,把数字化处理后的影视素材存储到数据库中。为了便于查询素材,利用VisualC#和数据库编程,开发了气象影视数字化管理平台,实现了素材的查询、检索、共享和新素材入库等功能,此系统可以提高素材的检索速度和影视制作的效率。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.