EVOLUTION OF LAND RECORDS

Abstract

IN Part I of this Paper (viii, 60, 202-210)we outlined, necessarily selectively, some singificant aspects of successive forms of land record from the early days of our civilization, through the Imperial Roman Land Poll (Capitatio terrena) and various Old English practices to the great Domesday Record and the development of Manorial Land Rolls and copyhold tenure. We observed the gradual atrophy of this promising development as feudalism decayed, the growth of private conveyancing and the defeat of the Statute of Inrolments (1536)-the last effort for three centuries to establish a comprehensive and authoritative record of interests in land in this country. Part II (ix, 64, 42-52)opened with the appointment in 1828of a Royal Commission to inquire into the operation of land tenure in England, which launched the long modern effort to construct a national Land Register. The main problem which faced the Commission was the widespread confusion and insecurity in the tenure of interests inland which had been bred by the uncontrolled and unco-ordinated effects of private conveyancing. We noted their diagnosis and condemnation of the evils of private conveyancing, the concurrence of a long series of subsequent authorities up to modern times, and we examined its present-day working. We also recalled the great hopes initially confided in the remedial effects of a General Registration of Deeds affecting land, the progressive realization of the insufficiency of this expedient, and the confirmation of this conclusion by experience in other countries.     

EVOLUTION OF LAND RECORDS

Abstract

Owing to delays at this end in the preparation of the paper on “The direct use of vertical photographs in Zanzibar for cadastral purposes”, for which apology is due to Mr. Chambers as well as to readers, its publication has been regretfully deferred. We are using the opportunity to publish the Bibliography which could not conveniently appear with our opening paper last April, and to accompany this with an outline of some early and feudal developments in land records which we hope may help to interest a wider circle of land surveyors in this feature of cadastral work. For experience in many countries has impressed on us that the effective record of rights and duties pertaining to land, particularly in parts of the world less stably patterned agriculturally and more closely divided than England, has suffered grievously from a divorce between the legal and the technical aspects of cadastral record and between its operation and effects as sought on parchment in legislatures and the administrative offices of governments and as realized in daily practice by landholders and cultivators on the ground itself.     

REPRESENTATIVE COLLECTION OF CADASTRAL SURVEY AND LAND RECORDS

Abstract

The exhibition of cadastral maps and of land-registry and land-revenue records arranged at the Science Museum in July 1931 in connexion with the second Conference of Empire Surveyors was, we believe, the first of its kind to be held anywhere. The idea took shape slowly and required more preliminary discussion and preparation than had been anticipated. This caused the issue of notices explaining the exact nature of the exhibition to be delayed, and therefore handicapped participation, particularly by countries at a distance from England. The response made under these difficult conditions was remarkable. A most excellent and instructive series of exhibits was received from the responsible public services in the United Kingdom, all the Dominions, five Indian provinces, eleven Colonies and Protectorates, three Mandated Territories and six Foreign Countries. The resulting exhibition was so much appreciated that the desire was expressed by the Conference that the exhibits should be retained in some convenient centre in London as the nucleus of a permanent collection for reference and comparative study.     

CADASTRAL SURVEY AND LAND RECORDS

Abstract

We regret that, owing to illness and the pressure of other demands on them in the same field, it has been necessary to interrupt the publication of the papers on cadastral subjects which Sir Ernest Dowson and Mr. Sheppard are contributing to the Review. We hope, however, to resume this valuable and interesting series in the January 1947 issue.— ED., E.S.R.     

NORTH BORNEO LAND AND SURVEY RECORDS DURING THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION

Abstract

The Japanese began their administration by dividing the territory into two civil governorates. The Interior, the West Coast and Kudat formed one governorate, and the East Coast including Sandakan, Lahad Datu and Tawau the other.     

NORTH BORNEO LAND AND SURVEY RECORDS DURING THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION

Abstract

The loss of land records registered on the Torrens system has often occurred before, but it is doubtful whether a loss has ever occurred in any colony greater than the loss of the records in Labuan and North Borneo.     

THE KEEPING OF SURVEY RECORDS

Abstract

Although the title of this paper may appear to some to refer to a rather humdrum subject which hardly deserves much serious thought or consideration, it is the writer's experience that the vital necessity for keeping clear records of survey work in a permanent form in which they can easily be referred to at any future time is not always sufficiently appreciated by those whose duties do not involve constant or frequent reference to the records of old work. Accordingly, the following notes and suggestions, which are based on practical experience, may be of service in drawing attention to a matter which is really of great practical importance.     

分层建设用地使用权登记的思考

比较了二维地籍与三维地籍的登记要素,分析了三维地籍研究的现状,提出了分层建设用地使用权登记的模式.     

基于Markov-CA的土地利用/土地覆盖变化动态模型研究

分析了基于Markov-CA的土地利用/土地覆盖变化动态模型,并利用两期TM数据进行了Markov-CA模型应用试验研究.     

重庆市土地利用现状遥感调查与国土资源信息系统应用

应用遥感资料,通过室内遥感信息解译和外业实地调查验证,将土地利用现状遥感解译的作者原图资料和地理、社会经济信息,在统一的软、硬件环境支持下进入国土资源信息系统,利用系统的特有功能,实现了对重庆市土地利用现状与社会经济状况的综合分析.     

THE EVOLUTION OF DIGITALPHOTOGRAMMETRYFROM ANALYTICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY

The evolution of digital photogrammetry from analytical photogrammetry is outlined, partly by considering the methods employed, but with the main emphasis on mathematical and physical principles. A fundamental distinction is obvious from the nature of the primary information measurement data: the image co-ordinates with analytical photogrammetry and the digital image grey values with digital photogrammetry. For both techniques, appropriate Gauss-Markov evaluation procedures are compared. The relevant relationships between image space data and object space models are presented; radiometric considerations play a more important role than before. The evaluation of digital image grey value data is no longer based on digital image correlation. Instead, a new principle of image inversion has been introduced by directly back-projecting grey values of an image on to object space models. The numerical procedures of digital photogrammetry need some stabilisation by appropriate regularisation elements. The new concept of digital photogrammetry may be applied to imagery from almost any sensor.     

COMPILATION OF THE LAND REGISTER OF ENGLAND AND WALES

Abstract

Skillfully as those charged with the shaping and conduct of the crowded time-table of the Conference of Commonwealth Surveyors in 1947 managed their difficult task, physical inability to squeeze many good gallons’ measure into a pint pot relentlessly closured discussions and allowed no opportunity to collect and appraise the yield in any vat on the spot. We were very sensible of these effects in relation to our own and other papers on Land Registration. Our own paper too—owing to transient circumstances which overlapped the Conference—had to be presented in the stodgy form of a synopsis and—through accidents of travel—only reached some delegates, whose comments were particularly desired, on the eve of its presentation. Nevertheless the generous reception accorded to this and other ‘papers on the subject and the many stimulating points that were raised in their discussion, limited though this was, call’ for further consideration and digestion if the resultant lessons are to be elicited and put to practical use. We have, therefore, sought the approval of the Editor of this Review to pursue this purpose, so far as space permits, in this and later numbers. Our remarks should be read in conjunction with the relevant portions of the Proceedings of the Conference which are in the press but are not expected to be available for some months yet. We have especially in mind the observations of the following speakers: Mr. G. H. Curtis, Chief Land Registrar, H.M. Land Registry, London; Mr. John Dewar, previously Surveyor-General of Malaya; Mr. R. G. Dick, -Surveyor-General of New Zealand; Lt.-Col. Elkington, Divisional Officer, Ordnance Survey Office, London; Mr. F. M. Johnstone, Surveyor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia; Mr. E. A. Malby, Chief Superintendent Mapping Branch, H.～. Land Registry; and Major-General M. N. MacLeod, previously Director- General of the Ordnance Survey.     

THE EVOLUTION OF THE DIVIDING ENGINE

Abstract

In an earlier article the steps by which the art of original circular dividing developed were traced from the time of Abraham Sharp (1651–1742), when an accuracy of ten to twelve seconds of arc had become possible, to that of Edward Troughton (1753–1835), when an arc of considerable radius could be hand divided to an accuracy of perhaps two seconds.     

WHCORS系统在武汉市第二次土地调查中的应用

介绍了WHCORS系统的原理和工作流程,分析了其在地籍测量中的广泛应用,验证了其测量精度的质量可靠性。     

协调土地利用与生态建设的研究

研究了土地利用对经济效益和生态效益的影响,设计了基于经济效益和生态效益双因子联合分析协调土地利用与生态建设的技术方法,实现了通过效益调整来协调土地利用和生态建设.     

土地覆盖及土地利用遥感研究进展

简要综述了国内外遥感技术在土地覆盖和土地利用方面研究的进展及新数据库的开发应用情况,并对本世纪该领域可能出现的新动向作了初步分析,为可持续发展决策提供客观准确的资料数据,可成为指导政府行为的重要依据.