THE TRAINING OF AFRICAN SURVEYORS IN NIGERIA

Abstract

Whenever the Government wants to receive new students to be trained as surveyors for the Government Service it is usual for the public to be informed by means of a Gazette Notice outlining the conditions of entry into the Survey School which is attached to the Land and Survey Department. Nowadays students are admitted through the Government Higher College at Yaba by means of the Entrance Examination of that college. It is one of the conditions that before a candidate applies to take this Entrance Examination he must have passed his Cambridge School Certificate Examination, the Matriculation Examination of any British University, or its local equivalent, and must possess also a certificate of character.     

THE TRAINING OF AFRICANS FOR SURVEY IN NORTHERN RHODESIA

Abstract

Prior to the year 1931 there was no systematic training of Africans for land survey work in Northern Rhodesia, and those natives then in the employ of the Survey Department as assistants to the European surveyors in the field were no more than “capitaos”. Asurveyor, after his arrival in the colony, usually had to find his own native assistant, or chainman, and any native who appeared to have a commanding manner with his fellows, and who was clean and respectful, was eligible for the position. Preference in some cases was usually given to natives who had completed service in the native regiment or police, for their early training had taught them to obey orders, to conduct themselves well, and to control other natives.     

GEOGRAPHICAL POSITIONS IN MALAYA AND SIAM

Abstract

Malaya.—The geographical positions of points in the “Primary Triangulation of Malaya”, published in 1917, depend upon latitude and azimuth determinations at Bukit Asa and on the longitude of Fort Cornwallis Flagstaff, Penang, the latter being supposed to be 100° 20′ 44″.4 E. This value was obtained by Commander (later Admiral) Mostyn Field in H.M.S. Egeria 1893, by the exchange of telegraphic signals with Mr Angus Sutherland at Singapore, Old Transit Circle. The longitude, 103° 51′ 15″.75 E., accepted for Singa- pore in order to arrive at this determination of Fort Cornwallis Flagstaff, was based upon that of an Observation Spot, 103° 51′ 15″.00 E., fixed in 1881 by Lieutenant Commander Green, United States Navy, by meridian distance from the transit circle ofMadras Observatory, the corresponding longitude of the latter being taken as 80° 14′ 51″.51 E.     

MODERN INFLUENCES ON THE UNIVERSITY ASPECT OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING IN SURVEYING

Abstract

Surveying in, the sense in which I propose to consider it this evening, is the technical term given to the science of admeasuring and delineating the physical features of the earth and of works executed or proposed upon its surface. I am in some difficulty over a precise definition which will satisfy everyone since, although “surveying” is generally understood in the English language to have the above meaning, there is a growing tendency to use the somewhat restricted term” land survey"; restricted since it implies omission of hydrographic, hydrological and other forms of measurement of natural features and of setting out. This is, of course, not so.     

REMOTE SENSING IN PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF CARTOGRAPHER-GEOGRAPHERS

The author reviews the contributions of the “aerospace” disciplines (remote sensing, photogrammetry, photometry) in the training of cartographers at Moscow University. Changes in the present curriculum are advocated, leading to the emergence of a unified educational discipline referred to alternately as “remote mapping methods,” or “remote sensing and mapping.” Training in this discipline is designed to enhance the interpretation and map compilation skills of cartographers working with space imagery. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1984, No. 5, pp. 40-43.     

CONNECTION OF INDIA,SIAM AND MALAYA TRIANGULATIONS

Abstract

In an article in the Review of October 1938, iv, 30,450-457, under the heading “Geographical Positions in Malaya and Siam”, Mr. A. G. Bazley gives a comparison of the Indian and Siamese, and Siamese and Malaya, triangulations at common points and discusses the possibility of an error in the longitude of the datum of the Malayan system. In the Review of April, 1939, v, 32, 112-113, he has elaborated certain points, and remarks in connection with the doubt in the longitude of the Malayan datum that connection of the F.M.S. network with that of Siam and India, and some more latitude and longitude observations by the F.M.S. Survey, are essential to a satisfactory solution of this rather involved problem. Since the above article was written, a lot more infornlation has become available about the Indo-Siamese triangulation connections and a firm connection between the triangulations of Sianl and Malaya has been established in 1946. It is hoped that a review of the present position would be of interest, especially as the various links effected open up a definite possibility of a continuous chain of triangulation from India to Australia.     

遥感数据监督分类中训练样本的纯化

本文分析了训练样本对遥感数据监督分类结果的影响,提出了训练样本纯化的理论与方法,即根据样本像元的光谱和空间信息来剔除训练样本中不合要求的样本像元。一个例子的试验研究表明,训练样本纯化后,各类型间的发散度、样本像元的概率密度函数与高斯分布的拟合度以及分类结果的精度都得到不同程度提高。     

多光谱遥感异常提取技术方法体系研究

详细介绍了多光谱遥感异常提取方法体系——“去干扰（或称掩模）-主成分分析-异常筛选”（De-interfered Anomalous Principal Component Anomaly Filtration，以下简称DPF技术）的内容及工作方法，指出了技术体系应用时需要注意的问题。该 技术体系包括数据预处理、干扰去除、异常提取、异常后处理、异常筛选与推荐等5部分。在天山—北山、昆仑及冈底斯成矿带的 应用证明，该方法体系成效显著。     

城市遥感的特点及技术要求

由于城市具有典型的非均质性及构成城市的要素较小, 因此, 城市生态系统遥感与自然生态 系统遥感有显着的差异。本文讨论了影响城市遥感诸因素, 如人工物质的光谱特性、混合像元、 霾因子、边缘锐度及摄影死角等问题, 此外, 就传感器、像片比例尺、分辨率、旁向重叠率、时相 等的选择原则也作了论证。     

TRAINING AFRICAN SURVEYORS IN UGANDA

Abstract

Under the Buganda Agreement, which was made in 1900 between the British Government and the Kabaka (King) of Buganda, approximately 9,000 square miles of the kingdom of Buganda were divided into numerous estates, which were allocated to the various reigning chiefs and people of importance at that time. The British Government agreed to survey these estates, most of which were one square mile in area; thus, the term “Mailo” as applied to the land owned by the Baganda, came into use. Since the original Mailo survey, which was completed in 1935, many of the estates have been subdivided. The land has been sold piecemeal, gifted and bequeathed, so that plots now exist which are even less than one acre in area and some in and near large townships are as small as half an acre. The task of the Survey Department is a gargantuan one and, in 1949, it was estimated that there were some 150,000 outstanding surveys.     

1994～1999年《武汉测绘科技大学学报》科技成果相关统计

对1994－1999年《武汉测绘科技大学学报》的科研成果相关指标了统计，通过对这些统计数字，可大致了解武汉测绘科技大学任20世纪90年代的科研成就和进展。     

近景摄影测量集中实习教学内容与方法研究

分析了近景摄影测量课程集中实习中教学内容、实习手段及教学管理中存在的问题,提出将实习改革为综合型实习的措施,改进了教学管理手段,并被证明是有效的.     

现代地籍技术 第一讲 现代地籍研究的基本进展

阐述了地籍理论关注的核心概念地籍、地块、宗地和界址的基本含义,其含义的深化和扩展与社会经济发展及其技术的进步是密不可分的,也是地籍管理必须解决的问题,这些概念的精确化将加强地籍技术的可操作性,并对地籍技术的发展产生影响.     

APPLICATION OF THE HARTLEY TRANSFORM IN THE COMPUTATION OF THE GEOID IN CHINA

This paper presents a method for the computation of the Stokes for-mula using the Fast Hartley Transform（FHT）techniques.The algorithm is mostsuitable for the computation of real sequence transform,while the Fast FourierTransform（FFT）techniques are more suitable for the computaton of complex se-quence transform.A method of spherical coordinate transformation is presented inthis paper.By this method the errors,which are due to the approximate term inthe convolution of Stokes formula,can be effectively eliminated.Some numericaltests are given.By a comparison with both FFT techniques and numerical integra-tion method,the results show that the resulting values of geoidal undulations byFHT techniques are almost the same as by FFT techniques,and the computation-al speed of FHT techniques is about two times faster than that of FFT techniques.     

植被高光谱遥感分类中训练样本的选择方法

针对植被高光谱遥感分类过程中参考光谱训练样本的选择问题，研究分类过程中常用训练样本的选择方法，并在此基础上提出2种新的训练样本选择（纯化）方法，然后结合具体的OMIS-I高光谱遥感数据，验证方法的有效性。     

浙江省洪涝灾害遥感监测技术流程及其初步应用

本文简要介绍了浙江省洪涝灾害遥感监测技术流程及其初步应用。研究表明,应用NOAA-AVHRR数据,通过计算机处理和综合地学分析,是可以监测大范围的洪涝灾害的,并可准确地圈定洪涝范围和区分受涝程度,获得洪涝灾害面积,从而达到快速、动态、客观地监测洪涝灾情的目的,及时地向领导决策部门提供灾情影像图、数字化图和灾情分析报告,为指挥抗灾、组织生产自救提供可靠依据。     

THE DEPARTMENT OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING AT WUHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Many remote sensing applications are predicated on the fact that there is a known relationship between climate and vegetation dynamics as monitored from space. However, few studies investigate vegetation index variation on individual homogeneous land cover units as they relate to specific climate and environmental influences at the local scale. This study focuses on the relationship between the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and different vegetation types through the derivation of vegetation indices from Landsat 7 ETM+ data (NDVI, Tasseled Cap, and SAVI). A series of closely spaced through time images from 1999 to 2002 were selected, classified, and analyzed for an area in northeastern Ohio. Supervised classification of the images allowed us to monitor the response in individual land cover classes to changing climate conditions, and compare these individual changes to those over the entire larger areas. Specifically, the images were compared using linear regression techniques at various time lags to PDSI values for these areas collected by NOAA. Although NDVI is a robust indicator of vegetation greenness and vigor, it may not be the best index to use, depending on the type of vegetation studied and the scale of analysis used. A combination of NDVI and other prominent vegetation indices can be used to detect subtle drought conditions by specifically identifying various time lags between climate condition and vegetation response.     

APPLICATION OF THE CARTOGRAPHIC METHOD IN THE STUDY OF NATURE-SOCIETY INTERACTION IN THE MOLDAVIAN SSR

A Russian geographer describes a methodology whereby data on slopes contained within a geographic information system are employed in the compilation of geomorphological maps. More specifically, the author proposes and tests a technology for the automated compilation of electronic maps of mean slope for the territory of Altay Kray, West Siberia, Russia. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, Virginia from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 2002, No. 2, pp. 142-146.     

分形几何在影像纹理分类中的应用

本文基于分形几何中的分维值对影像纹理进行分类。系统地介绍了以影像分维值为依据，采用多分辨率分维值，以及本文提出的利用已有空隙概念的拟合回当法，对影像纹理进行分类的全过程。试验表明该方法对标准纹理和航空影像纹理的分类都能取得较好的效果。     

THE ROLE OF CARTOGRAPHY IN THE STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

The authors describe a method of applying the cartographic method of research to the study of air and water pollution. More specifically, the paper outlines a program of mapping air, water, and soil pollution in the Donets Basin, which is an integral part of four different stages in the formulation of an environmental protection plan. Emphasis is placed on the visual interpretation of maps depicting the spatial distribution of physical parameters at pollution sources, of concentrations of particular pollutants over the entire study area, and of their direct and cumulative impacts on the environment. Translated from: Geograflya i prirodnyye resursy, 1986, No. 2, pp. 92–94.