THE APPLICATION OF A RED FILTER TO SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS

Abstract

I regret that my note on this subject (vol. ii, no. 7,PP· 32-3) should have apparently provoked so little comment or interest. I feel that the silence may be either that accorded to my Impetuous Inrush or that produced by alarm at the possible complications to be overcome before theory can be reconciled with practice. If the latter, then my original title is perhaps in some measure responsible. It is really very simple; let two facts suffice.     

THE APPLICATION OF AN INFRA-RED FILTER TO SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS

Abstract

The following note may be of interest to those responsible for or engaged in trigonometrical reconnaissance and observing, precise levelling, topographical mapping, and other branches of surveying where telescopes or field-glasses are used for long-distance work, especially when visibility is low.     

楼面价在基准地价调整中的应用

从基于单位建筑面积的楼面价的意义和定义出发，探索出一条独具特色的基准地价表现形式，提出了操作性较强的城市建成区住宅用地和商业用地楼面价应用方法。对于城市未建成区，仍然采用地面价作为楼面价的辅助价。     

虚拟权平差在矿山大型贯通近井网设计中的应用

本文将虚拟权平差法引入矿山大型贯通近井网的设计中，解决了相距甚远的两井口近井网精度基准不统一的问题，通过对一矿山大到贯通近井网的重新设计证明：该法具有良好的应用前景．     

THE METHOD OF SYSTEMATIC RELAXATION APPLIED TO SURVEY PROBLEMS

Abstract

This paper reviews and elaborates the application of the “Method of Systematic Relaxation of Constraints”, originally devised by R. V. Southwell for the calculation of the forces in frameworks, to the problem of the adjustment of survey networks to conform to the condition of least squares. The method is illustrated by the solution of a simple example of a triangulation network, and its application to larger surveys is discussed.     

FORMULAE FOR THE ADJUSTMENT OF SURVEY ERRORS

Abstract

The formulae given in this paper can be used for a station adjustment at a trigonometric station and also for the adjustment of errors in a level survey. As applied to levelling, the problem consists in finding the most probable values of the reduced levels of a number of points where the observed level differences between the points are not consistent with each other. It can be shown that the required values of the reduced levels are those which reduce the sum of the squares of the residual errors to a minimum, where the residual error is defined as the difference between the calculated and observed levels.     

A DIRECT METHOD OF TRANSFORMIG RECTANGULAR COORDINATES FROM THE CASSINI PROJECTION TO THE GAUSS CONFORMAL PROJECTION

Abstract

I. Introduction.-For some little time the Ordnance Survey was engaged upon the problem of transforming the rectangular coordinates of trigonometrical stations from the Cassini projection to the Gauss Conformal projection. The problem was complicated by the fact that the Cassini projection, as is well known, was applied to a number of meridians of origin, a different meridian being used for a county or a group of counties. It was proposed, however, to have only one meridian for the Gauss projection and to drop the county meridians completely. In both projections the northings were measured from the same parallel.     

A DIRECT METHOD OF TRANSFORMING RECTANGULAR COORDINATES FROM THE CASSINI PROJECTION TO THE GAUSS CONFORMAL PROJECTION

Abstract

6. Further Expansions.—Equations (4.3) and (5.5) enable a computer to transform coordinates from the Cassini projection to the Gauss projection without recourse to geographical coordinates. If applied to one or two points, no doubt these equations would be quite satisfactory; but if applied to 100,000 points their use would be laborious and it would be difficult to adapt them to machine computing.     

区域平差技术在南沙群岛TM卫星图像中的应用

介绍了TM图像区域平差技术的方法原理，并对南沙群岛的TM图像数据进行了区域平差处理和误差分析。研究结果表明，利用TM图像和相关的控制点资料可以得到较高精度的定位信息。     

《测量平差》教学中矩阵秩的应用

本文以附限制条件平差为例，讨论了矩阵秩在《测量平差》教学中的应用，实践表明，提出的几个幂等矩阵及恒等式有利于平差学习。     

AIR SURVEY: THE ADJUSTMENT OF STRIP PLOTS

Abstract

An outstanding problem in topographical air surveying which faces the practical air surveyor almost daily is that of adjusting the plot along the lateral overlap between two strips.     

虚拟仪器在光栅偏心调整中的应用

从电子经纬仪和全站仪的测解部分的光栅副偏心调整的原理出发，分析了目前采用常规示波器用电信号法进行调整的原理及其实现方法，得出光栅副偏心与李萨如图的对应关系，并且给出了几种典型的调整方法。最后，利用虚拟仪器采用曲线拟合算法，将光栅副偏心与轴晃动分离，从而能迅速、正确判断位相差的变化，为仪器装配与调整起到指导性作用。     

稳健估计法在拟稳平差中的应用

本文对自由网拟稳平差提出将两期成果联合处理原理，并将两期中的点的显著位移当粗差看待，从而将稳健估计用来求出动点位移得出拟稳平差结果，文中应用实例取得了较好的效果。     

上海市湿地资源调查中的遥感技术应用

应用遥感图像进行湿地资源调查,查明了上海市湿地类型、分布及面积,搞清了湿地植物群落分布和分带、与植被群落分带相关的微地貌分带,受保护珍稀鸟类生态位分带和底栖动物分带;应用不同时相遥感图像调查了湿地微地貌的变迁,研究了鸟类自然保护区的生态容量;进行了工作地形底图的局部修编.     

航空遥感数据的贝叶斯网络分类

介绍了利用贝叶斯网络对航空遥感数据进行分类的算法和过程，认为贝叶斯网络具有以下优点： 充分利用和综合了先验知识 与样本信息； 采用有向无环图（DAG）的方式描述了多特征数据间的相互关系； 给出了联合概率表，并通过联合概率表给出了每个 像元属于不同类别的概率。研究结果表明，贝叶斯网络可以为遥感数据分类提供一种新方法。     

THE APPLICATION OF TRANSFORMATION FACTORS TO THE ADJUSTMENT OF AIR PHOTOGRAPHS COVERING NARROW LAND AREAS AND COASTLINES

Abstract

1. This new method of adjusting air photographs numerically to a uniform scale on a final map grid has already been described by the writert, where it concerns a large block-adjustment. The method to be described in this paper is the application of the same principle to the adjustment of photographic strips, covering narrow land areas and coastlines.     

RELAXATION AND THE CO-ORDINATE METHOD OF TRIANGULATION ADJUSTMENT

Abstract

Few, most certainly, will dispute the value of Mr Black's paper describing a method of “Systematic Relaxation”, which appeared in a previous number of this Review. At the same time, however, it seems to the writer to be only fair to readers to point out that the application of the method to triangulation adjustment is really a treatment, from a slightly different aspect, of methods that have long been established.     

不等权平差诊断及应用

本文运用数理统计和回归分析理论,推导了不等权平差中的函数模型和异常点诊断的基本公式,指出异常点诊断和粗差定位的区别,讨论了诊断理论和可靠性理论的关系,导出了h_(ii)的统计分布和在二类优化设计中的应用,最后以一实例加以分析说明。     

GAT陀螺全站仪在井下控制测量中的应用

为了减小测角误差对导线点位误差的影响,提高井下控制网的精度,运用GAT陀螺全站仪进行井上、井下陀螺定向观测和平差处理,实现了井下导线的精确定位。通过实例分析,GAT陀螺全站仪在井下导线测量中极大地提高了导线的精度和可靠性。     

地球空间信息技术在新一轮国土资源大调查中的应用探讨

从分析全球变化和社会可持续发展研究的要求出发,提出地球空间信息技术的形成背景和应用基础。针对新一轮国土资源大调查的性质和任务,探讨了地球空间信息技术在新一轮国土资源大调查中的应用。