ATTRACTION OF THE “COMPENSATION”: A NOTE

Abstract

The proof of the attraction of a uniformly thin vertical block in the last issue (No. 24, p. 87) does not appear as satisfactory as the textbook would suggest. It is proposed to attempt here a more direct explanation, independent of substitutional expedients.     

ON CERTAIN STATEMENTS IN “RECIDIVISM OF COMMUNICATIVE CARTOGRAPHY UNDER THE GUISE OF AUTOMATION”

Several researchers, including some affiliated with the Moscow Institute of Geodetic, Aerial Photographic, and Cartographic Engineers, an important center of geodetic and cartographic training in the USSR, continue the debate on automation in cartography featured in the preceding issue of Mapping Sciences and Remote Sensing (1986, No. 4, pp. 274–288). They advocate continuation of some of the more promising research directions outlined in Ye. Ye. Shiryayev's book, criticize certain of its ideas regarding cartographic communication, generalization, and raster digitizing, and call for increased attention to the role of the geodetic sciences in the training of cartographers. The current debate stems from lack of adequate definitions for many concepts involved with cartographic presentation, inadequate development of a theory of automation, and lack of coordination in research among concerned organizations. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1986, No. 7, pp. 37–42.     

ON THE “INDEFINITE” SOLUTION OF A LINEAR SYSTEM BY THE PRINCIPLE OF LEAST SQUARES

Abstract

The components of the solution of a linear system, calculated by the principle of least squares, are linear homogeneous functions of the absolute terms. Two different methods for the calculation of the coefficients of these funetionsare described.     

THE USE OF “EVEN ANGLES” IN STADIA SURVEYING

Abstract

While there is no standard method in stadia surveying of taking a set of readings for distance and altitude, the following may be regarded as the conventional, text-book method. The telescope is directed at the staff and the apparent lower hair brought to bear exactly on some convenient foot-mark. The readings of all three hairs are then taken and recorded (4.00, 5.41, and 6·83). Finally the vertical circle is read—to the nearest minute or to a fraction of a minute according to circumstances—and the result entered in the field-book (6° 31′ or 6° 31′ 20″). This method has its merits. It is straightforward and flexible and there is a simple (numerical) check on the accuracy of the staff-readings. Nevertheless it is by no means a perfect method.     

THE ATTRACTION OF THE “COMPENSATION” ON THE PRATT HYPOTHESIS

Abstract

In the last issue there was given an outline of modern theories on crustal equilibrium. The assumption as to uniform attenuation of matter beneath an elevated station suggests that an explanation of a means for calculating this “compensation” would be desirable; the complete technical procedure used by those actually engaged on work of this nature could be described by themselves alone.     

THE STUDY OF SOIL HUMUS CHANGES WITH THE HARRINGTON “DESIRABILITY” FUNCTION

The potential utility of the Harrington “desirability” function is examined in the assessment of changes in soil humus content using spectrophotometric data. The influence of external factors, such as sun angle, soil moisture content, and degree of soil cultivation, on spectral brightness coefficients is analyzed. The applicability of this method when there is only a small volume of experimental data is noted.     

THE TECHNIQUE OF QUASI-LOSSLESS COMPRESSION OF THE REMOTE SENSING IMAGE

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ON THE EVALUATION OF DEFLECTIONS OF THE VERTICAL USING FFT TECHNIQUE

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JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING

（V。1.6,2002） CONTENTSNO.1Fundamntal ResearchSpectral iiiiorKnowled郡 andhs Use IntheRemote Sensl吧 Basedlnverslon dVeg幻ation Structure“”””’““”””“””””””“”””……………… 、…·t…………… YAN Guang7ian WU Jun hNG Jin-di ZHU Chongpong U Xiao-。en（6Spaceborne POlarimetnc SAR Data Simulation………………………………………………… LIN Jc HONC Jun（11Techndogy and Metho功dogyThe Change oINDwlime Series Based on Chanp VectorAnalysls In…     

“转变”“提高”“优化”落实“措施”“禁令”

今年以来，按照省厅、市局的统一部署，内邱县国土资源局继续开展了以“优化发展环境、树立行业新风”为主题的民主评议行风活动，通过内抓队伍管理，外抓行政为民，认真贯彻落实“五条禁令”和“十项措施”，努力推进“三转变”(转变观念、转变职能、转变作风)、“三提高”(提高执法水平、行政效率和服务质量)和“四优化“(优化政策环境、政务环境、市场环境和法制环境)，取得了比较明显的效果。     

DEVELOPING THE CARTOGRAPHIC SKILLS OF GEOGRAPHY STUDENTS (Organization of laboratory work in the “Cartography” course)

The authors describe the content and objectives of laboratory work in the general cartography course at Moscow University. The course is taken by all third-semester geography students, with laboratory work designed to develop basic skills in mapping and map use rather than supply professional cartographic training. A lab syllabus, designed as a model for similar courses throughout the USSR, permits comparison of Soviet emphases with those prevailing in North American universities. Considerable attention is devoted to development of evaluative skills (selection of suitable projections, methods of presentation, etc.) and recognition of basic sources of cartographic information. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1984, No. 5, pp. 43-48.     

USE OF SATELLITE INFORMATION IN THE PREDICTION OF EL NIÑO EVENTS

Materials from surveys of 1982–1983 and 1997–1998 are analyzed for the two most powerful El Niño events in the 20th century, and four medium-intensity events are examined for the period 1986–1995. On the basis of online tracking of the dynamics of radiation processes in the equatorial ocean from space, a method is proposed for predicting different El Niño phases in five standard regions for up to 16 months in advance.     

REGULATIONS FOR CORRESPONDING MEMBERS OF CHINESE SOCIETY OF GEODESY,PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND CARTOGRAPHY

（Provisional）Ⅰ.Chinese Society of Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography (CSGPC) is an academicmass organization which may be joined voluntarily by scientists and experts at accepting geodesists,photogrammetrists, cartographers and on surveying and mapping. The establishment of correspondingmembership in the society aims surveyors of great attainments in the world as members in order todiscuss and exchange views on academic issues in surveying and mapping, to promote friendship andcooperation between surveyors and to make contributions to the four modernizations in China andto the welfare of mankind.     

REGULATIONS FOR CORRESPONDING MEMBERS OF CHINESE SOCIETY OF GEODESY,PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND CARTOGRAPHY

（Provisional）Ⅰ.Chinese Society of Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography (CSGPC) is an academicmass organization which may be joined voluntarily by scientists and experts at accepting geodesists,photogrammetrists, cartographers and on sureying and mapping. The establishment of correspondingmembership in the society aims surveyors of great attainments in the world as members in orderto discuss and exchange views on academic issues in surveying and mapping, to promote friendshipand cooperation between surveyors and to make contributions to the four modernizations in Chinaand to the welfare of mankind.     

THE SEVENTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF SOVIET CARTOGRAPHY—SOME ACHIEVEMENTS AND TASKS OF RESTRUCTURING

This article, based on a presentation to the All-Union Conference on Cartography in the Era of the Scientific and Technological Revolution in November 1987, contains an eminent Soviet cartographer's evaluation of the state and development of Soviet cartography and his impressions concerning the tasks which lie ahead over the era of economic restructuring and social change. Translated from: Izvestiya Akademli Nauk SSSR, seriya geograficheskaya, 1988, No. 3, pp. 17-21 by Jay K. Mitchell, PlanEcon, Inc., Washington, DC 20005.     

COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF MAP COLOR

The design of map color is an important part in map design, especially for thematic mapping, importance is no less than that of map content itself.Tranditional method in map color design is to make several designing variants and then make a comparison among them and finally choose one of them.This method is time-consuming and rather expensive.With the development of interactive computer graphics,now the design of map color can be completed by means of computer processing. During this procedure, cartographer's knowledge in map design, rich color in computer and the powerful functions of graphic processing of computer can be combined together. Three main problems about comprter-aided design of map color are discussed in this paper: The first is to create a database which forms the basis of color producing; the second is to create a cartographic database for organized raster data; the third is to design an interactive svstem for the design of map color with the support of the two databases mentioned above.