联合平差公共点大地高程精度估算

从全国高程异常网统一平差获取的精度信息,通过误差传播定律,推求插值点的误差。本文提出的方法和计算结果,可用于其它高程异常的精度估算问题。     

不同大地坐标系大地坐标求解转换参数模型的应用和权阵的选取

本文介绍了布尔莎(L,B,H)公式求解转换参数模型的应用,重点是讨论权阵的选取。其结果表明,按最小二乘平差求转换参数时,必须使用相关权阵。     

方差分量估计理论及其在整体大地测量中的应用

本文探讨了整体大地测量平差中的方差分量估计问题,给出了自适应最小二乘配置;不仅较好地解决了各类观测量权比的确定问题,而且能够确定信号的方差因子。此外,文章还对如何更好地确定局部地区扰动位及其泛函的协方差函数作了讨论;最后通过对一个实测网进行了整体平差,并与经典平差结果进行了比较。     

应用高斯-克吕格投影解大地主题的初步意见

近代无线电测距的发展,使长距离的大地主题解算问题逐日地显得更为重要了;而应用投影到平面的方法来进行解算,近年来除德国Draheim氏有所研究外,文献还是较少的。因此本文就高斯-克吕格投影的方法来进行主题解算作一讨论,所提出的公式适应于600-800公里,在最后一节中还指出,这种方法用在短距离(120km以下)时,也是十分优越的。     

GAT陀螺全站仪在井下控制测量中的应用

为了减小测角误差对导线点位误差的影响,提高井下控制网的精度,运用GAT陀螺全站仪进行井上、井下陀螺定向观测和平差处理,实现了井下导线的精确定位。通过实例分析,GAT陀螺全站仪在井下导线测量中极大地提高了导线的精度和可靠性。     

THE GEODETIC SURVEY OF CANADA

Abstract

Shortly after the inception of the Geodetic Survey of Canada in 1905, reconnaissance for primary triangulation was commenced in the Ottawa-Montreal area. About the same time, precise levelliilg operations were begun from a bench mark already established by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey near the International border at Rouses Point in Quebec.     

THE RELATION OF CARTOGRAPHY TO THE LAWS AND CLASSIFICATION OF SCIENCE

The chairman of Moscow University's Cartography Department addresses questions about cartography's place in the system of scientific knowledge, qualifications as a science, subject matter, and methods of analysis. Critiques of recent theoretical works both within and outside the USSR lay the groundwork for the author's view of cartography: a multifaceted, interdisciplinary field of knowledge using maps for the presentation and investigation of natural and socioeconomic phenomena. Although few if any strictly cartographic laws exist at present, map use methods are applied widely for the discovery and analysis of laws in other disciplines. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1984, No. 6, pp. 3-10.     

THE APPLICATION OF RADAR TO SURVEYING

Abstract

Radar can be applied to surveying for precise measuren1ent of long lines, and as a navigational aid and position-fixing device for an aircraft performing a photographic survey. Trials of the radar method have recently been carried out in Australia using a modified “Shoran” equipment. The results of a large number of radar measurements of six distances, varying from 160 to 310 miles in length, indicate that an accuracy of 7 parts in 10⁵ can be achieved. Equipment errors constitute the immediate limit to accuracy, but reasonable modifications would yield a figure of 2 parts in 10⁵. Radar measurements can be completed in a fraction of the time required by normal ground survey methods, since a measurement of upwards of a hundred miles is made in a single step.

As an aid to photographic surveying a straight-line track indicator actuated by data from the “Shoran” equipment has been designed and flight tested. Its performance enabled a pilot taking aerial photographs to keep the aircraft to within an average departure of less than 0.02 mile from any desired straight-line flight path.     

GPS RTK作业模式原理及其实用技术

本文结合近几年的工程实际介绍了GPS RTK（Real-Time Kinematic)作业模式的原理及其实用应用中的有关技术问题，对其使用与推广有重要的参考价值。     

PROGRESS OF THE GEODETIC SURVEY OF NEWFOUNDLAND

Abstract

The third season (1937) of the Geodetic Survey of Newfoundland has now ended, the second in which angular measurements were made. Approximately half of the basic project has been finished, and two more seasons will leave little of it incomplete.     

THE SEVENTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE STATE GEODETIC SERVICE

The Director of the Main Administration of Geodesy and Cartography reviews the history of development of the geodetic and mapping services in the Soviet Union and summarizes the current geodetic and cartographic activities of that agency. Emphasis is given to significant achievements of recent years, but criticisms also are voiced regarding various deficiencies in the training of personnel, shortcomings in technical progress, failures to integrate various branches, and the lag behind foreign achievements in several areas. The director closes by examining the administration's adjustment to new economic conditions. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1989, No. 3, pp. 2–9.     

基于GeoServer的WebGIS在旅游服务中的应用

建立了基于OpenGIS的生态旅游自助服务系统网站,为旅游产业的各方提供一个信息共享的平台,促进居民参与旅游业的发展,将GIS与旅游业相结合,实现直观的、可视化的地理信息展示和管理.对生态旅游系统进行了目标分析,详述了系统的整体结构、功能模块和数据流程.服务器操作系统使用RedHat Linux Enterprise AS5; 客户机端使用主流的浏览器; 数据库管理系统采用PostgreSQL 8.0; 空间数据引擎采用PostGIS; 应用服务器平台采用 Tomcat 5.5 ; WebGIS平台采用GeoServer 1.5.3服务器,内置了GeoTools组件.以珠峰自然保护区为例进行了试验.     

如何控制数字地下地形图的空间占用

数字地形图的数据量的大小不但取决于采点密谋，而且也受AUTOCAD中的某些操作的影响。     

THE APPLICATION OF THE PROGRAMMABLE CALCULATOR TO NUMERICAL ORIENTATION

The author shows that it is possible to carry out a rigorous least squares numerical orientation procedure on a programmable calculator. An iterative technique is adopted which reduces the rotational parameters to zero.     

THE APPLICATION OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY TO THE STABILITY OF EXCAVATED ROCK SLOPES

The use of phototheodolite photography and the subsequent photogrammetric measurements as the basis for slope stability analysis in open pit mines is described together with the application of stereometric photography to the measurement of roughness profiles on real and model rock samples. A single camera technique for the measurement of displacements occurring during the excavation of a model rock slope is explained.     

公路工程遥感制图及GIS空间分析

随着现代遥感技术和计算机信息处理技术的发展，RS、GIS技术为公路工程可行性分析及线路的比较选优提供了有力工具，对不良地质体的定位分析、预报提供了技术支撑。本文提出了基于RS、GIS的公路工程地质勘察的一整套工作程序和技术路线，并在此基础上完成空间分析演示和专题制图，工程可行性分析及评价取得了很好的技术效果和良好的经济效益。该研究对自然条件恶劣的地区更具现实意义。     

DEM数据在青藏高原地貌研究中的应用

近年来,青藏高原一直是国际及国内地质学界极其关注的地区.随着遥感技术的发展,基于DEM的地表过程分析给青藏高原研究带来了崭新的思路和方法.本文回顾了应用DEM数据进行青藏高原地貌研究的历史,通过分析其应用研究的几个阶段,总结了DEM技术在高原上的研究技术,阐述了DEM数据在各学科中的交叉应用,指出研究方法上的系统化、信息的进一步挖掘和高精度数据源获取是该领域发展的主要任务,并展望了DEM在地貌研究中的发展方向.     

数字专题信息在城市园林绿化中的应用

根据绿色植被在彩红外航空影像中的波谱特征，在惠州市申报国家园林城市项目中，制作1：5000彩红外数字正射影像图，在数字测绘产品的基础上提取了园林绿化专题信息，编制惠州市区园林绿化覆盖平面图，并对各类园林绿化覆盖进行面积量算，描述了数字专题信息在城市园林绿化中的应用。     

多源信息在岷山地区遥感图像分类中的应用

采用了专家分类方法，将数字高程模型和由其生成的坡向信息与遥感图像的光谱信息相结合，提高了对土地利用的遥感图像分类精度。     

荆江防洪工程数据库的研建与防洪应用

荆江河道弯曲,水流宣泄不畅,洪灾频繁,是长江中游重点防洪区。本文概略介绍了荆江防洪工程,研究、建立了荆江防洪工程数据库,并作了某些防洪应用研究。