测绘运筹学在GIS工程建设中的应用

简要介绍了测绘运筹学及其性质 ;系统科学体系结构 ;系统特征 ;系统方法与原理。在此基础上讨论了测绘运筹学与 GIS的关系及在 GIS工程建设中的应用 ,包括可行性研究阶段的应用 ;要求分析阶段的应用 ;设计阶段的应用 ;运行维护阶段的应用 ;系统实现阶段的应用和决策应用等。     

用OO4O实现GeoRaster的数据存储管理

Oracle Spatial是Oracle数据库中管理空间数据的模块,其中Oracle Spatial10g提供的Geo-Raster对象为管理海量的栅格影像数据提供了较完整的数据模型和数据管理、操作的方法。介绍GeoRaster对象对影像数据的存储与管理的数据模型和组织方式,并对其具体实现方式进行分析,最后使用OO4O技术实现Oracle GeoRaster遥感影像数据的存储和查询。     

观测与测量标准在水文观测建模中的应用

介绍了观测与测量信息模型的基本构成,研究了复杂观测模型和时间序列观测模型及其建模方法,实现了对金沙江下游攀枝花水文站的多要素观测建模和水位过程观测建模及建模结果可视化。     

Quantitative morphometric analysis of lakes using GIS: rectangularity R,ellipticity E,orientation O,and the rectangularity vs. ellipticity index,REi

Quantitative measures of polygon shapes and orientation are important elements of geospatial analysis. These kinds of measures are particularly valuable in the case of lakes, where shape and orientation patterns can help identifying the geomorphological agents behind lake formation and evolution. However, the lack of built-in tools in commercial geographic information system (GIS) software packages designed for this kind of analysis has meant that many researchers often must rely on tools and workarounds that are not always accurate. Here, an easy-to-use method to measure rectangularity R, ellipticity E, and orientation O is developed. In addition, a new rectangularity vs. ellipticity index, REi, is defined. Following a step-by-step process, it is shown how these measures and index can be easily calculated using a combination of GIS built-in functions. The identification of shapes and estimation of orientations performed by this method is applied to the case study of the geometric and oriented lakes of the Llanos de Moxos, in the Bolivian Amazon, where shape and orientation have been the two most important elements studied to infer possible formation mechanisms. It is shown that, thanks to these new indexes, shape and orientation patterns are unveiled, which would have been hard to identify otherwise.     

基于GRP1000的无砟轨道精调测量研究

通过对GRP1000轨检小车测量原理、作业方法、影响精调精度因素、控制措施,以及我国高铁无砟轨道检测应用实施情况的研究,表明GRP1000轨检小车作为一种现代先进的轨检设备,适合我国高铁无砟轨道精调测量。使用该先进轨检设备对提高施工效率、保障施工质量具有重要作用。     

地理栅格数据并行I/O的研究与实现

随着遥感和测绘技术的进步,日益增大的数据量和高效的数据I/O矛盾逐渐凸显。本文针对这个问题提出了地理栅格数据的一种并行I/O模式,并对该I/O模式进行了相应的编程实现。通过设计实验验证其正确性和效率,我们发现相比传统的栅格数据I/O库（GDAL库）而言,采用本文提出的并行I/O模式对应的I/O库将能同时保证结果的正确性和高效性。     

用OO4O访问Oracle Spatial空间基础数据的方法

使用对象关系型数据库来一体化存储和管理海量的GIS基础图形数据和属性数据是近年来GIS领域研究的一项重点内容。本文结合Oracle Spatial对空间对象数据的存储模式,重点研究了在VC中通过OO4O对数据库所存储的空间对象数据的访问方法,通过这种方法,不仅能够读取一体化存储的空间数据,还可以通过适当的处理实现对空间数据的修改、增删等其他操作,在GIS开发中尤其实用,具有很实际的意义。     

基于地面监测数据的潍坊市O3时空特征研究

采用2008—2016年潍坊市38个监测站点O3的监测数据,按照时刻、日、月、季度等不同时间尺度,运用统计方法得出潍坊市O3污染时空特征,并对其成因进行分析,得出了以下结论:1)在9年时间里,O3污染在2009年以后逐渐呈下降趋势,2014年出现轻微波动;2)O3具有明显的季节变化特征,夏季浓度较高,每年5—8月为污染高峰月,高达139.08μg/m3,秋季次之,其次是冬季、春季;3)潍坊市O3污染“周末效应”显著,星期六和星期日O3浓度达到较高水平,星期四、星期五浓度相对较低;4)在一天中,午后浓度达到高峰,凌晨及夜间O3浓度较低。     

基于Oracle Spatial和OO4O的空间数据存取研究

介绍了用OracleSpatial对空间数据进行组织和管理的原理与方法,给出了在VC++6.0环境下用OO4O读取OracleSpatial空间数据的编程方法,为基于OracleSpatial的GIS应用系统开发带来了新的解决思路和研究方向。     

Numerical simulations of radar surface air pressure measurements at O/sub 2/ bands

An active microwave method is investigated for measuring surface air pressure by using radar reflections at frequencies around 53-55 GHz O/sub 2/ bands. The numerical simulation results for homogeneous backgrounds show that with an airborne radar working at these O/sub 2/ absorption bands, the rms errors of the radar surface pressure estimations with 15-dB signal-to-noise ratio can be as low as 4-7 mb. A radar system that covers these wavelengths will have great potentials for weather observations and other meteorological applications.     

RE-MEASUREMENT OF THE OLD 10-FT.LENGTH STANDARDS O1 AND OI1 OF THE ORDNANCE SURVEY,AND SOME NOTES ON THE RELATIVE STABILITY OF CERTAIN STANDARDS OF LENGTH

Abstract

The old 10-ft. length standards of wrought iron, O₁ and OI₁, made for the Ordnance Survey in 1826 and 1856 respectively, are briefly described and some account is given of the purpose for which they were constructed.

Both these 10-ft. standards were measured in terms of the Yard in 1864, and one of them in terms of the Metre in 1906. They have recently been re-measured at the National Physical Laboratory, and it was found that, allowing for the known shortening of the Imperial Standard Yard since 1895, the 10-ft. Ordnance Survey standards have remained unchanged in length during the last 50 years or so. Furthermore, if it is assumed that the Imperial Standard Yard shortened rather more rapidly between 1853 and 1895 than it has since that date, then the 10-ft. standards can be said to have remained substantially unchanged in length for nearly a century.

Additional evidence for the change in the length of the Yard between 1853 and 1895 is provided by the results of measurements made in 1864 on some of the old Toise standards used for geodetic surveys on the Continent, and by some recent measurements made at the N.P.L. of another yard standard contemporary with the Imperial Standard.