大兴安岭森林覆盖区金矿土壤离子电导率异常特征离子成份的研究及找矿预测

为了解森林覆盖区金矿体土壤离子电导率异常特征,探讨金矿体土壤离子电导率成份是由哪些种类离子组成,弄清不同种类离子的含量变化关系对电导率的贡献大小,为解释金矿土壤离子电导率异常的形成机制提供理论依据.通过在大兴安岭森林覆盖区虎拉林金矿的研究:(1)在已知的金矿体上测出了清晰的电导率异常,异常呈典型双峰形态"兔耳"状或"锯齿"状, 异常垂直指示金矿体的赋存位置.(2)弄清了金矿体组成土壤离子电导率异常的离子成份特征,其成份主要是HCO-3、SO-24、Ca2 、Cl-、K 、Na 、F-、Mg2 、Mn2 等一套水可溶性离子,经过相关分析得出金矿电导率异常与各水可溶性离子的相关系数是HCO-3＞Ca2 ＞SO2-4＞Cl-＞K ＞F-＞Na ＞Mg2 ＞Mn2 .(3)在未知区的找矿预测中找到3个具有成矿远景的离子电导率异常.     

一些复杂条件下视电阻率和视极化率异常数值解的规律

用点源二维介质有限元正演数值模拟法,以直立有限延深板状体为对象,研究了中梯、二极、三极、偶极装置在较复杂地电条件下视电阻率和视极化率异常数值解的规律:(1)板体导电性对异常的影响;(2)地形起伏对异常的影响;(3)覆盖层导电性对异常的影响。     

EH-4电导率成像系统在铝土矿找矿中的应用研究

简要介绍了EH-4电导率成像系统的基本原理和工作方法。在河南省渑池县雷沟铝土矿区的找矿试验中,测试了系统的稳定性、垂向电性分层能力及对矿区典型电性结构的探测能力和复杂条件的适用能力。应用小波多分辨分析的数学方法对实测数据进行了一阶多分辨分解,分离出一阶细节异常和一阶逼近异常。比对矿区ZK808孔资料,说明了一阶细节异常包含了较多的噪声和静态效应,而一阶逼近异常包含有较多的目标地质体的异常信息,从而有效地压制了噪声及静态效应,突出了目标地质体的异常信息。采用一阶逼近数据进行二维联合反演,并将反演结果与矿区地质资料进行对比,肯定了EH-4电导率成像系统在铝土矿勘查中的找矿效果及应用前景。     

三河尖井田地温异常形成机理

从热源、成热环境两方面对三河尖井田地温异常形成机理进行研究后认为,井田内煤系基底处于相对抬高的构造位置,使大地热流增大;不同热导率岩层的叠层式组合,使煤系聚集的热量不易散失;地下水运动微弱,所起的降温作用很小等因素是导致井田地温异常的主要原因。     

On estimating the earthquake-induced changes in hydrogeological properties of the Choshuishi Alluvial Fan, Taiwan

The hydrological response of the Choshuishi alluvial fan to the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake shows that the earthquake did impact the aquifer. The possible earthquake-induced changes in hydrogeological properties were investigated in this study. First, contour maps of the hydrologic anomaly, seismic factors, and vertical ground-surface displacement were compared qualitatively. Bulls eye patterns were found on the contour maps of hydraulic conductivity, coseismic groundwater-level change and vertical ground-surface displacement but did not occur with other seismic factors. The more permeable zones of the aquifer were found to coincide with the locations of greater vertical ground-surface displacement and coseismic groundwater-level change in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake. This indicates that the change of the hydrogeologic properties of Choshuishi alluvial fan due to the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake may have mainly occurred in the highly permeable zones. Fractal, cross semivariogram and cross correlogram analyses were performed to quantitatively measure the persistency, variability and similarity, respectively, of spatial hydrologic response, seismic factors and hydraulic conductivity. The groundwater-level change, earthquake intensity, and vertical ground-surface displacement were found to show antipersistent tendencies while other factors showed the opposite. Higher correlations were found between hydraulic conductivity and groundwater-level change in aquifers 2–1 and 2–2, and between hydraulic conductivity and vertical ground-surface displacement in aquifer 3. Changes in porosities and hydraulic conductivity were evaluated in the main aquifers of the Choshuishi alluvial fan based on the data of hydrologic anomaly and the vertical ground-surface displacement. While both approaches show that the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake has impacted the Choshuishi alluvial fan by reducing its porosity and hydraulic conductivity, these changes were not significant relative to natural variation in hydraulic conductivity.This revised version was published in May 2005 with correction to the rubric.     

黑龙江东宁金厂金矿土壤离子电导率异常特征、离子成份及找矿预测

为了解黑龙江东宁金厂金矿体土壤离子的电导率异常特征,查明金矿体中土壤离子电导率成分的离子组成以及不同种类离子的含量变化关系对电导率的贡献大小,初步探讨矿区土壤离子电导率异常的形成机理,本文对金厂金矿开展了土壤离子电导率测量,取得以下认识:(1)发现多个具有成矿远景的离子电导率异常区,经深部工程验证具有隐伏的金矿体;(2)组成土壤离子电导率异常的离子成分主要是HCO-3、SO2-4、Ca2+、Cl-、K+、Na+、F-、Mg2+、Mn2+等一套水可溶性离子,经过相关分析得出金矿电导率异常与各离子的相关系数为HCO-3>Ca2+>SO2-4>Cl->K+>Na+>F->Mg2+>Mn2+。     

用形态学滤波从电导率图像中提取缝洞孔隙度谱

为了更好地实现对缝洞型储层孔隙结构和孔隙度的精细评价,基于高覆盖率和高分辨率电成像测井的电导率数据,用多尺度形态学滤波方法分离了基质孔、裂缝和溶蚀孔洞,提取了缝洞孔隙度谱。首先分析了电成像测井对裂缝和溶蚀孔洞的响应模式;其次,在简单介绍数学形态学算子的基础上,给出了结构元素选择和滤波算子构造的方法,用于电成像测井数据的噪声压制和缝洞异常电导率信息的提取;再次,基于缝洞发育处电导率异常的边缘检测结果,用椭圆形及不规则多边形函数拟合溶蚀孔洞,用多项式插值函数拟合裂缝边界,继而提取缝洞分布多类属性参数,获得缝洞孔隙度谱;最后,用实测数据对文中算法进行了测试,验证了多尺度数学形态学滤波方法用于电成像测井资料缝洞孔隙度谱计算的有效性。     

基于多元线性回归的HTEM三维异常体电导率-深度识别

针对时域航空电磁飞行测量数据量大、电导率-深度成像计算时间长,以及三维反演困难等问题,笔者采用三维时域有限差分数值计算方法,计算了多组不同电导率、不同深度的三维异常体电磁响应;通过分析三维异常体剖面曲线的属性特征,提取了7个特征属性参数;基于多元逐步回归法建立了三维异常体的电导率、深度回归方程;通过对方程进行离群值剔除和共线性诊断、显著性检验,最终得到了电导率、深度最优回归方程。对回归方程模型分析和精度分析的结果表明,取样时间为0.2~1.5 ms时：电导率模型的相对误差小于11.95%,残差平方和为4 653.724;深度模型的相对误差小于13.19%,残差平方和为10 873.645。因此,采用多元逐步回归法建立三维异常体电导率和深度方程是完全可行的,是一种有效、准确、快速的识别方法,为野外航空电磁飞行测量时的海量数据异常快速检测和识别奠定了基础。     

Frequency characteristics of geomagnetic induction anomalies in Saurashtra region

Magnetovariational studies were carried out along four different EW profiles in Saurashtra region in different phases, during January 2007–March 2012. Transient geomagnetic field variations (X, Y horizontal field and Z vertical field components) recorded along these profiles are analyzed to infer the electrical conductivity distribution of the region. The vertical field transfer functions which depict the characteristics of electrical conductivity distribution are presented in the form of induction arrows. From the spatial distribution of these arrows, it is inferred that the sediments filling the offshore basins have more conductivity than those basins in Saurashtra region. Z/H pseudo sections along the four profiles in conjunction with tectonics and other geophysical methods permit to infer that the conductivity anomaly in the eastern part of the profiles is associated with the crustal/lithosphere thinning. The possible cause for these anomalies may be explained in terms of partial melts associated with mafic intrusions, related to Deccan and pre-Deccan volcanism. High resistive block related to underplating mantle material has been reflected in 1D models of long period magnetotelluric data and its thickness reduces from west to east. Lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary varies from 80 to 100 km.     

Regional conductance map of Andaman and Nicobar region

To image the electrical conductivity distribution, fluxgate magnetometers are operated at five sites in Andaman and Nicobar region. Transfer functions are estimated for the period range 8–128 min, from nighttime transient geomagnetic variations, using robust regression analysis. The observed induction arrows in Andaman Islands are found to point towards east despite deep sea located towards its west. This indicates that fore-arc basin (Andaman–Nicobar deep) is more conducting than the region of outer non-volcanic Island arc.Thin sheet model requires the conductance of 10,000–35,000 S (with increase conductivity towards the south) for explaining the observed induction pattern. The observed induction pattern at Andaman–Nicobar stations can be explained in terms of high conducting Cretaceous–Tertiary sediments filling the Andaman–Nicobar deep. High conductivity over Invisible bank has been attributed to the partial melts/volatile fluids derived from the subducting Indian plate that are intruding into the eastern margin of fore-arc basin through the West Andaman Fault (WAF).The induction pattern at Great Nicobar station (Campbell Bay) may be related to the highly conducting sediments filling the Mergui basin along with mafic intrusions. Also crustal transition occurs below the Mergui Terrace at the Malayan coast contributing to the enhanced conductivity anomaly.     

On the interpretation of the distinctive pattern of geomagnetic induction observed in northwest India

The geomagnetic variation data from the 1979 Indian array experiment have been reanalyzed and reexamined using the hypothetical event analysis technique. The contour map of the |Z/H ratio replicates distinctive anomaly in northwest India previously delineated in maps of the Fourier coefficients. The anomaly reveals the presence of a significant conductor under the Ganga basin. The contour map has been used to derive a response profile perpendicular to the strike of the anomaly, for comparison with 2-D numerical models. An excellent fit was found for a conductor at a depth of 32 km, with a width of 110 km and a conductivity contrast of 1000. This result places the conductor deep within the lithosphere. In the absence of supporting data the origin of the conductor is difficult to resolve. However, it is thought to be related to pressure-released partial melting, caused by fracturing of the Indian crust during the collision of India with Asia.     

人工源超低频电磁波技术及在首都圈地区的测量研究

超低频 (SLF)电磁波技术利用地球物理和无线电物理相结合的原理 ,由人工产生大功率电磁波信号。在地面很大范围的许多测点同时测量该信号 ,可研究空间电磁场和地下电阻率结构 ,研究地震等引起的电磁场异常变化 ,探测地壳结构和地下资源。在首都圈地区的观测表明 ,SLF信号的功率谱密度超过天然场源信号数倍以上 ,所得到的视电阻率数据精度远高于天然源方法 ,并有长时间的稳定性。在测量期间距测点约 12 0km发生的迁安 4 .2级地震与观测的电磁场异常和视电阻率的变化有较好的对应性 ,并对产生这些变化的可能的成因机制进行了探讨 ,推测它们是区域应力场和震源区局部构造综合作用的结果。     

EH-4在江西省仙姑台铜多金属矿勘查中的应用

为实现仙姑台矿区找矿突破,在矿区采用EH-4连续电导率成像技术进行探测,通过寻找斑岩型隐伏岩体来寻找铜多金属矿。发现在电阻率反演断面图上,花岗闪长斑岩有三种异常标志:从高阻到低阻过渡带出现扭曲变形地段、低阻区局部高阻地段和高阻区局部低阻地段;对3条典型剖面进行了异常解释及钻探验证,取得了较好的地质效果。结果表明:在矿区内开展EH-4连续电导率剖面测量,可获得丰富的异常信息,为寻找斑岩型铜多金属矿提供地球物理依据。     

Electrical conductivity of the plagioclase–NaCl–water system and its implication for the high conductivity anomalies in the mid-lower crust of Tibet Plateau

In order to investigate the origin of the high conductivity anomalies geophysically observed in the mid-lower crust of Tibet Plateau, the electrical conductivity of plagioclase–NaCl–water system was measured at 1.2 GPa and 400–900 K. The relationship between electrical conductivity and temperature follows the Arrhenius law. The bulk conductivity increases with the fluid fraction and salinity, but is almost independent of temperature (activation enthalpy less than 0.1 eV). The conductivity of plagioclase–NaCl–water system is much lower than that of albite–NaCl–water system with similar fluid fraction and salinity, indicating a strong effect of the major mineral phase on the bulk conductivity of the brine-bearing system. The high conductivity anomalies of 10^?1 and 10⁰ S/m observed in the mid-lower crust of Tibet Plateau can be explained by the aqueous fluid with a volume fraction of 1 and 9%, respectively, if the fluid salinity is 25%. The anomaly value of 10^?1 S/m can be explained by the aqueous fluid with a volume fraction of 6% if the salinity is 10%. In case of Southern Tibet where the heat flow is high, the model of a thin layer of brine-bearing aqueous fluid with a high salinity overlying a thick layer of partial melt is most likely to prevail.     

基于电偶源的体积分方程法三维电磁反演

利用体积分方程对电偶源激发时均匀导电半空间频率域三维电磁场进行正反演计算。计算中参考Eaton等提出的方法将雅可比矩阵分为线性和非线性偏微分项求解,然后利用阻尼最小二乘技术进行最优化迭代拟合。这种反演方法具有更广的适用范围和更高的计算精度,能够准确、稳定地得到较高分辨率的地下三维异常体电阻率分布图像。     

Geothermal model of the earth's crust in the pannonian basin

A geothermal model of the hyperthermal zone of the Pannonian basin is constructed. On the basis of results of seismic measurements along five deep seismic sounding profiles on the territory of the basin and the surrounding areas and also of measurements of heat flow, heat production by radioactive elements and thermal conductivity of rocks, the variation of temperature with depth and maps of Mono-temperatures and heat flux through this surface are calculated and constructed, respectively. It is shown by numerical-model calculations that the heat anomaly of the Pannonian basin indicated by a number of surface measurements is mainly of mantle origin. Inhomogeneities of the heat-flow increase with depth down to the upper mantle and the temperature on the Moho-surface below the hyperthermal zone has values on average 400–500°C more than those in the surrounding areas. Heat flux through the Moho under the Pannonian basin is also higher by about 40–50 mW m⁻². On the basis of the present calculations, it can be suggested that the upper mantle is probably partially molten beneath the annonian basin. As a most reasonable source mechanism of formation of this heat anomaly, the frictional heating arising in areas of induced secondary convection that probably has proceeded also beneath the basin from the Triassic to the Miocene is suggested here.     

高密度电法在金矿找矿中的应用

以岩（矿）石的导电性和激电效应差异为基础，沿测线同时布设几十到几百根电极，仪器按选定的供电，测量排列方式自动采集电位值，并进行滤波，地改，计算等处理，可探测深度在150m以上的电阻率和充电率的精细结构，用以推断精细的地质和电子型导电矿物结构，在不同地区，不同类型的已知金矿床的试验表明，高密度电法异常与矿体在空间位置上十分吻合，在未知区，在异常区施工QZ14-2钻孔，发现了地下38m的盲矿体，取得了满意的试验和找矿效果。     

Conductive structure of Ukrainian Carpathians from EM observations

Geomagnetic variation observations in the Carpathian region gave the data for tracing the axis of a 1200 km long Carpatian electrical conductivity anomaly (CA) and estimation of its integral longitudinal conductivity (~2 × 10⁸ S × m). We made also 35 magnetotelluric soundings (MTS) in the south-east part of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The shape of MTS curves regularly changes from south-west to north-east forming 6 zones of identical behaviour. Most interesting MTS curves are above the CA. The longitudinal curves define the CA at a depth of 10 km; the transverse ones are not sensitive to crustal CA but they define a mantle conductor at a depth of 100–200 km with conductance ~5000 S which can be identified with the asthenosphere. The principal crustal conductors manifested by MTS data in Carpatians are CA subducting in south-west direction from moderately conductive sediments and a conductive zone of Transcarpathian deep fault. Correlation of electrical conductivity structure with seismicity is discussed.     

寺家庄井田地温负异常及其主控因素

地温场是采矿活动的重要地质条件之一。基于332井次钻孔测温数据、地层岩性及其组合特征、构造地质及水文地质条件等,探讨了寺家庄井田地温负异常及其主控因素。结果表明:寺家庄井田现代地温场受地层及热导率、地下水和开放型构造等三大地质因素控制。地层砂岩所占比例较高,其导热性强、热传导快,不易造成局部聚热,是井田地温值整体偏低的主要控制因素,区域地下水的强径流状态是现代地温整体偏低的宏观控制因素;地下水径流状态对围岩温度起到"制冷"和诱发构造通道散失双重控制作用,是研究区地温负异常和地温场分异的重要控制因素,开放型张性较大正断层、陷落柱不但为地温的散失提供了有利通道,亦为邻近含水层间地下水循环、径流对围岩温度的"制冷"提供了有利条件,是井田地温负异常和地温场分异的关键控制因素。      

应用低频电磁法在采矿废弃场地进行地电特征调查

采用低频电磁法对一个采矿废弃场进行了浅层地层特征调查,检测土壤和地下水污染程度,探测出地下水污染分布情况,确定了地下水流污染扩散的路径,并且探测出该场地地下埋藏物的位置;通过分析地层的电导率特性,确定了地球物理异常区。研究结果表明,根据地下水污染分布情况,由南往北方向可将研究区分成污染区、过渡区和非污染区。这些结果有助于及时调整该采矿废弃场的污染管理措施,并确定新的环境监测井位。研究结果表明,电磁法对地下导体敏感,能够探测出与地下水有关的物理性质差异,精度高,适合进行环境监测。