隔震结构"小震不坏"的动力可靠度分析

本文探讨叠层橡胶隔震体系在“小震不坏”条件下的动力可靠度分析。基于等效线性化的隔震工程设计参数,建立非比例阻尼隔震结构模型。采用双过滤白噪声功率谱模型描述地震动,并用林家浩虚拟激励法进行随机响应分析。以各层的最大层间位移响应作为控制指标,取结构的弹性位移限值作为位移极限值,建立功能状态方程。根据一次二阶矩方法,用串联模式计算体系的总体可靠度。文末选用了一个7层隔震框架作为数值算例,探讨了隔震阻尼、寒冷环境、节点构造误差所引起的隔震层刚度上升,以及场地土类别等对体系动力可靠性的影响。     

滑动隔震结构的非线性动力可靠性分析

利用等效非线性系统法得到了滑移隔震结构在高斯白噪声作用下位移与速度响应联合概率密度函数的解析式,并在此基础上进行了滑移体系的动力可靠性分析.     

基础隔震结构考虑摆动的振动控制研究

在基础隔震结构中,当上部结构层间刚度相对较小、垂直荷载较大,且采用的叠层橡胶垫的橡胶总厚度较大时,隔震支座不仅要产生水平变形,同时也会产生竖向变形,导致上部结构产生摆动.文中推导了基础隔震结构考虑摆动的运动和控制方程,分析研究了摆动对基础隔震结构的振动控制影响.研究结果表明:基础隔震结构的摆动对控制有一定影响;隔震层转动刚度、阻尼和上部结构垂直荷载对基础隔震结构考虑摆动的振动控制有明显影响.     

基于神经网络的滑移隔震结构智能半主动控制

考虑上部结构的刚度和阻尼,使用神经网络控制算法计算基底摩擦力的大小,研究了滑移隔震结构的半主动控制。对计算实例的分析表明,通过半主动控制的滑移隔震结构不但具有较好的隔震效果,且能有效地减小基底的最大滑移量及残余位移。为对比各种控制方法的控制效果,文中还利用Bang-Bang控制和瞬时最优控制算法对滑移隔震结构进行了半主动控制。对比分析表明,基于神经网络控制算法的控制效果优于其它控制算法,具有反馈量少,稳健性强等特点。     

隔震结构系列研究及在甘肃的工程应用

针对叠层橡胶支座基础隔震体系的性能、分析与设计等，介绍了由笔者所在课题组完成的寒冷环境下叠层橡胶隔震支座力学性能试验研究的成果、实振型分解法分析非比例阻尼隔震结构动力响应、隔震结构动力分析软件、橡胶隔震器与地下室悬臂柱串联后所组成的结构系统动力稳定性、高烈度区使用智能隔震体系的控制算法及甘肃省隔震构造图集等研究成果。同时介绍了本课题组负责设计的甘肃省叠层橡胶支座隔震体系的若干工程简况。     

基础隔震结构的非线性动力分析

新的建筑抗震设计规范将隔震结构列入其中，探讨分析了结构基础隔震应用中应注意的问题，提出了非线性动力时程分析计算模型并编制了程序。借助该程序，分析了基础隔震结构在地震作用下的层间位移、加速度和剪力等地震反应并与未隔震相同结构建筑的地震反应进行了对比。     

基于动力可靠度的隔震结构参数模糊优化

分别选取Bouc—Wen和退化Bouc—Wen模型描述隔震层及上部结构滞变回复力，采用虚拟激励法进行隔震结构随机响应分析。用各层最大层间位移响应和累计疲劳损伤指数建立双参数的功能状态方程，用一次二阶矩理论计算隔震结构失效概率。选用一个隔震框架作为数值算例，探讨了低频过滤器、隔震阻尼比和隔震刚度对隔震结构各子系统条件失效概率的影响。建立了隔震结构参数多目标优化模型，用失效概率确定单因素评判的隶属度，并采用最大隶属度法对隔震参数进行模糊优化。     

悬摆隔震结构动力分析方法初探

本文对悬摆隔震结构力学模型作等效处理,探索利用常规计算程序对其进行动力分析的有效方法,同时验证了悬摆隔震指施对于减弱结构地震反应的效果是明显的。     

基础隔震结构抗震可靠度简化分析方法

选用胡聿贤平稳地震地面运动模型作为基础隔震结构的随机地震动输入,采用Bouc-Wen模型描述隔震结构的层间滞变位移,将滞变体系动力特性矩阵随机等效线性化,并建立等价线性状态方程。引入左右特征向量系,对振动微分方程进行解耦,推导了基础隔震结构随机地震响应的统计矩解析解。采用变形失效准则,定义了上部结构和隔震层的功能状态极限函数。在此基础上,采用首次超越破坏模型,基于Possion分布假设和串联系统可靠度模型,建立了从整体上评价基础隔震体系抗震可靠度的简化分析方法。最后,通过一个基础隔震框架结构计算实例,说明了这种方法的运用。     

基于动力可靠性分析的滑移隔震体系的优化设计

本文探讨了滑移隔震体系在零均值高斯白噪声地震作用下的优化设计问题,首先利用编译等效线性化方法并按首次超超损坏泊松过程模型的双壁问题得到质点的滑移可靠性函数,然后采用拉格朗日乘子法进行了该滑移隔震体系基于动力可靠性分析的优化设计。     

地震下结构振动的最优控制算法模型比较与改进

模拟地震激励输入结构的过程,将控制目标函数化解到每个时间步长上。用激励所产生的脉冲响应重新构造控制目标函数,直接从泛函变分出发,推导出了一种改进的最优控制算法,并用状态转移的数值方法加以实现。从概念上讲,本算法是一种更为合理的结构最优控制算法。算例表明,在相同控制能量下,本算法能更有效地削减响应峰值,且稳定性良好。     

Performance-based semi-active control algorithm for protecting base isolated buildings from near-fault earthquakes

Base isolated structures have been found to be at risk in near-fault regions as a result of long period pulses that may exist in near-source ground motions.Various control strategies,including passive,active and semi-active control systems,have been investigated to overcome this problem.This study focuses on the development of a semi-active control algorithm based on several performance levels anticipated from an isolated building during different levels of ground shaking corresponding to various earthquake hazard levels.The proposed performance-based algorithm is based on a modified version of the well-known semi-active skyhook control algorithm.The proposed control algorithm changes the control gain depending on the level of shaking imposed on the structure.The proposed control system has been evaluated using a series of analyses performed on a base isolated benchmark building subjected to seven pairs of scaled ground motion records.Simulation results show that the newly proposed algorithm is effective in improving the structural and nonstructural performance of the building for selected earthquakes.     

Fuzzy logic control of bridge structures using intelligent semi-active seismic isolation systems

Passive supplemental damping in a seismically isolated structure provides the necessary energy dissipation to limit the isolation system displacement. However, damper forces can become quite large as the passive damping level is increased, resulting in the requirement to transfer large forces at the damper connections to the structure which may be particularly difficult to accommodate in retrofit applications. One method to limit the level of damping force while simultaneously controlling the isolation system displacement is to utilize an intelligent hybrid isolation system containing semi-active dampers in which the damping coeffic ient can be modulated. The effectiveness of such a hybrid seismic isolation system for earthquake hazard mitigation is investigated in this paper. The system is examined through an analytical and computational study of the seismic response of a bridge structure containing a hybrid isolation system consisting of elastomeric bearings and semi-active dampers. Control algorithms for operation of the semi-active dampers are developed based on fuzzy logic control theory. Practical limits on the response of the isolation system are considered and utilized in the evaluation of the control algorithms. The results of the study show that both passive and semi-active hybrid seismic isolation systems consisting of combined base isolation bearings and supplemental energy dissipation devices can be beneficial in reducing the seismic response of structures. These hybrid systems may prevent or significantly reduce structural damage during a seismic event. Furthermore, it is shown that intelligent semi-active seismic isolation systems are capable of controlling the peak deck displacement of bridges, and thus reducing the required length of expansion joints, while simultaneously limiting peak damper forces. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Probabilistic seismic response and reliability assessment of isolated bridges

Bridge seismic isolation strategy is based on the reduction of shear forces transmitted from the superstructure to the piers by two means: shifting natural period and earthquake input energy reduction by dissipation concentrated in protection devices. In this paper, a stochastic analysis of a simple isolated bridge model for different bridge and device parameters is conducted to assess the efficiency of this seismic protection strategy. To achieve this aim, a simple nonlinear softening constitutive law is adopted to model a wide range of isolation devices, characterized by only three essential mechanical parameters. As a consequence of the random nature of seismic motion, a probabilistic analysis is carried out and the time modulated Kanai-Tajimi stochastic process is adopted to represent the seismic action. The response covariance in the state space is obtained by solving the Lyapunov equation for a stochastic linearized system. After a sensitivity analysis, the failure probability referred to extreme displacement and the mean value of dissipated energy are assessed by using the introduced stochastic indices of seismic bridge protection efficiency. A parametric analysis for protective devices with different mechanical parameters is developed for a proper selection of parameters of isolation devices under different situations.     

Development and experimental evaluation of a passive gap damper device to prevent pounding in base‐isolated structures

Studies have shown the effectiveness of providing supplemental energy dissipation in base‐isolated structures to reduce displacements at the isolation level. A previous analytical study demonstrated the benefits of providing this energy dissipation at a specified gap larger than the design displacement. The gap before engagement allows the base isolation system to meet performance criteria in varying levels of ground excitation. Use of this ‘gap damper’ device eliminates undesirable effects often exhibited with large amounts of supplemental damping at lower intensity motions. Using results from an analytical study, the primary purpose of this research was to develop devices for practical implementation. Development of the devices demanded simplicity, feasibility, economy, and reliability to be an effective option in building design and construction. Multiple designs were proposed, and a final design was chosen based on selection criteria and finite element analyses. The device was designed and tested in Auburn University's Structural Research Lab. Experimental results were compared with theoretical models to verify behavior and make necessary adjustments for a shake table experiment. The design parameters were selected to accommodate re‐use of the device for the shake table test. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于磁流变阻尼器的层间隔震结构半主动控制研究

提出了一种层间隔震结构的半主动控制模型,建立了其振动控制方程,采用磁流变阻尼器作为控制器来施加控制力,通过编制计算机程序进行仿真分析。研究表明,对层间隔震结构进行半主动控制是有效的,结构的隔震层相对位移和顶层位移反应大大降低,进行半主动控制可以达到与主动控制相接近的控制效果;隔震层阻尼、隔震度和隔震层位置对层间隔震结构的控制有明显影响。     

半主动磁流变阻尼控制结构的地震反应分析

本文对磁流变阻尼器的性能及恢复力模型进行了介绍,并对其参数进行了设计,提出了基于现代最优控制理论的半主动控制方法．计算实例分析结果表明,采用磁流变阻尼器对结构进行半主动控制能够有效地减小结构的地震反应．     

地震作用下大跨度连续梁桥半主动变阻尼控制研究

利用半主动变阻尼控制装置开展连续梁桥结构在纵向地震波作用下的振动控制研究,通过建立桥梁结构-半主动变阻尼系统力学模型和运动微分方程,进行不同地震波激励下,连续梁桥关键部位在无控?半主动变阻尼控制和主动控制下的响应值分析计算,其中最优控制力采用LQR算法确定,半主动变阻尼控制采用限界Hrovat最优控制算法。计算结果表明:半主动变阻尼控制与主动控制的控制效果接近,两者均起到了良好的减震作用,而其中半主动变阻尼控制所需能量少?设施经济可靠,是一种良好的结构减震控制方法。