Automated system for magnetic monitoring of active volcanoes

In order to provide a basis for short-term decision-making in the forecasting and monitoring of volcanic activity, we developed an entirely automated system of data acquisition and reduction for magnetic data. The system (Mag-Net) is designed to provide monitoring and analysis of magnetic data on Etna volcano at large distances from the central observatory. The Mag-Net system uses data from an array of continuously recording remote stations spread over the volcanic area and linked by mobile phone to the control center at the local observatory. At this location a computer receives the data and performs data sorting and reduction as well as limited evaluation to detect abnormal behavior or breakdown of remote sensors. Communication software, called MagTalk, is also designed to provide data to distant users. With a view to using continuous magnetic observations in advanced analysis techniques for volcano monitoring, the Mag-Net system also delivers two graphical user interface based applications to provide an interpretation capability. The former, called MADAP, speeds up all the data reduction processes in order to evaluate the reliability of magnetic signals. The latter, called VMM, is a procedure for modeling magnetic fields associated with tectonic and volcanic activity to facilitate the identification and interpretation of the sources of a wide spectrum of magnetic signals.     

The relation of seismicity to lithospheric density inhomogeneities in the Russian Far East

A well-defined relationship has been identified between the belts, zones and areas of higher seismicity in the Russian Far East on the one hand and, on the other, maxima in the gradient of surface density of spherical sources that give rise to gravity anomalies (μ _z ) equivalent to quasi-isometric density inhomogeneities in the lower crust and upper mantle. The highest epicenter density is observed in the marginal parts of maxima of the μ _z parameter, these parts being interpreted as boundaries of rigid (sialic metamorphic and oceanic mafic) tectonic blocks and plates. The overwhelming majority of crustal seismicity is spatially related to uplifts of the asthenospheric layer reflected in the minima of the μ _z parameter, and is concentrated in uplifted crustal blocks. In addition to the linear type of seismicity due to deep-seated faults, the crust shows a concentrically zonal type of epicenter location associated with plume-generated central-type features (the Olekma-Stanovoi seismic zone). It is shown that seismic fields can be ranked by the depths of earthquake source zones using 3D models, μ _z (x,y,z).     

Concept for developing a seismologic observation system for tsunami warning in the Russian Far East

The initial information and requirements for developing a seismologic observation system and data-processing and transfer tools for a tsunami warning system and its functions and tasks are considered. The structure of the seismologic observation system for the tsunami warning service (TWS) in the Russian Far East is proposed. A study of general technical and methodological problems is carried out to increase the efficiency for urgent tsunami prediction from continuous seismic monitoring data of territories of the Russian Far East and the world. Special attention is paid to the problem of tsunami prediction from seismologic data on strong earthquakes in near zone of a protected territory (up to 200 km).     

爆破事件自动监测报警系统的研制

通过对数字地震波形开展周期-频度谱分析,利用波形不规则指数和卓越周期等小爆破的识别判据,开发研制了实时监测的爆破事件自动监测报警系统。该系统具有对小爆破事件进行自动识别、自动定位和自动E-mail报警的功能。     

On the cold wave of January 1954 in the Far East

Summary A synoptic study is made based primarily on 10-day and 5-day mean maps on an unusually cold spell which appeared all over the Far East in the end of January, 1954, following an abnormal warmth. It is found that while it is warm in Japan, cold air is accumulated in Siberia to the north of the climatological jet stream and is confined in the northern latitudes by the latter as long as the high index pattern prevails. But once the index drops, with the southward displacement of the jet stream, the permanent trough of the Far East deepens and the cold air so far accumulated is allowed to penetrate into southern latitudes. Some characteristic features of contour pattern and frontal activity preceding and following the cold air outbreak are described. Further, it is shown that the blocking wave directly related to the cold air outbreak in the Far East can be traced from as far east as North America or possibly the eastern Atlantic.     

安徽省地震宏观异常日报集成系统

安徽省地震宏观异常日报集成系统是由Android的App、MySQL数据库和PHP网站组合而成的应用管理系统。从设计思路、框架及主要技术实现出发,介绍集成系统的应用成效。     

远东地区近期强震系列及其相关性研究

远东地区的强震系列可以分为板间强震系列与板内强震系列。研究了它们的分类、特征及其适用的公式，得出远东地区板间强震系列与板内强震系列的相关性十分明显、板内强震系列常发生在板间强震系列之后的结论。     

Chemical composition of precipitation in the southern part of the Russian Far East

Distribution of macro-and microelements, found in precipitation in dissolved and suspended forms (solid material) is considered. Contribution of the main sources of substance input in the precipitation on the investigated area is assessed.     

The Early Cretaceous coal‐forming plants of southern part of East Siberia and Russian Far East

For the first time the plants that gave rise to the Early Cretaceous coals of Transbaikalia (Khilok, Chita‐Ingoda, Bukachacha, and Turga‐Kharanor basins), Amur River region (Bureya Basin), and Primorye region (Razdolnaya River and Partizansk River basins) have been obtained. The plants that produced coals mainly belong to the ginkgoaleans (Pseudotorellia, Sphenobaiera, and Baierella), bennettites, and conifers having pinaceous, taxodiaceous, araucariaceous affinity, as well as extinct cheirolepidiaceous and miroviaceous plants. A parallel palynological study has identified a number of the same elements in addition to the cyatheaceous, gleicheniaceous, osmundaceous, and schizaeaceous ferns.     

Space-time variations of river water chemistry in RF southern Far East

Concentrations and seasonal variations of water chemistry, including dissolved and particulate forms of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, and Ni in rivers of Primorskii Krai are determined. It is shown that, unlike the macrocomposition, the effect of hydrological regime on the concentration of dissolved metal forms is controversial and depends on anthropogenic load, watershed landscapes, and pH variations. Elevated concentrations of dissolved metal forms are recorded in the beginning of spring flood and during low-water period. Beyond the limits of local impact of wastewater, the concentrations of dissolved forms of Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, and Cd in river waters of the region insignificantly differ from the clearest rivers of the World.     

Gravity indicator of rheological properties of the tectonosphere of the Russian Far East

Formal indicators of the existence of spatially isolated layers characterized by the absence of sources of intense gravity anomalies in them are revealed in the tectonosphere of the eastern Baikal region, the Amur region, the Sea of Okhotsk, Kamchatka, and northeastern Russia. A stable correlation of these layers with thermal, high electrical conductivity, and lower seismic velocity anomalies implies that they are related to rheologically weakened zones of the tectonosphere, i.e., layers of lower viscosity or higher plasticity or fluidity. Minimum vertical gradients of the surface density of spherical sources of gravity anomalies, equivalent to density inhomogeneities of the compaction class, are gravitational indicators of these zones.     

台湾地震观测系统的发展与现状

台湾地处环太平洋地震带,在欧亚板块与菲律宾海板块相互碰撞作用下,地震活动强烈。为加强对台湾地区地震活动的监测工作,深入了解台湾地区的地震活动特性,减轻地震灾害,经过十几年的不断整合与建设,台湾地区已拥有“实时地震观测网”、“实时强地动观测网”、“自由场强震观测网”、“全球卫星定位系统GPS观测网”和“宽频地震网”,以及“强震预警系统”和“强震速报系统”等多套地震观测处理系统。为促进海峡两岸地震学界的深入认识和了解,增进两岸交流与合作,本文对台湾地区地震观测系统发展和现状做了较为详细的介绍。     

On precursor of Kamchatkan volcanoes eruptions based on data from satellite monitoring

Kamchatka is one of the most active volcanic regions on the planet. Large explosive volcanic eruptions, in which the ash elevates up to 8?C15 km above sea level, occur here every 1.5 years. Study of eruptions precursors in order to reduce a volcanic risk for the population is an urgent problem of Volcanology. The available precursor of strong explosive eruptions of volcanoes, identified from satellite data (thermal anomaly), as well as examples of successful prediction of eruptions using this precursor, are represented in this paper.     

山东省地震群测群防体系建立及发展

地震群测群防工作是我国防震减灾工作的重要组成部分,是国家鼓励、引导社会组织和个人开展地震群测群防活动的重要途径。本文在认真回顾山东省群测群防工作发展历程的基础上,结合山东省群测群防工作的实践经验,从5个方面归纳介绍了山东省群测群防工作的有效作法,并展望了进一步深入开展地震群测群防工作的发展空间。     

广东省东部地区的S波速度结构

利用广东省数字遥测台网记录到的2000年11月16日发生在所罗门群岛的两次Ms7．7和Ms7．8地震及2000年11月18日新爱尔兰地区的Ms7．3地震面波波形数据，测定了在广东地区汕头和韶关之间路径上的相速度频散曲线并反演得到了对应的地壳横波速度结构。结果表明该地区的地壳厚度为30km，上地壳横波速度变化较大，中下地壳相对均匀，没有发现地壳内部的低速层。     

Kema terrane: A fragment of a back-arc basin of the early Cretaceous Moneron–Samarga island-arc system, East Sikhote–Alin range, Russian Far East

Abstract The Kema terrane is a suite of Barremian(?)–Aptian to Albian volcano-sedimentary rocks of Sikhote–Alin that are interpreted as deposits of the back-arc basin of the Moneron–Samarga island-arc system. Compositional features of the different-type deposits indicate a near-slope depositional environment influenced by volcanic processes. Studies of slump fold orientation testify to the accumulation of material from southeast to northwest by gravitational sliding. Compositional characteristics of terrigenous rocks suggest the major provenance for detrital material was an ensialic volcanic island arc. Petrochemical characteristics of basaltic rocks indicate that the formations studied were confined to the back part of the arc.     

Some results of microseismic monitoring in the Elbrus Region

The results of microseismic monitoring in the adit of the neutrino laboratory (Institute of Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences) in the Elbrus Region are presented. Three-component computer recording was carried out in the frequency band 10–120 Hz with 5-second averaging of the amplitudes of vibrations. We consider the results of processing the data yielded by the monitoring in the adit during nine months since March 2008. The seismic field at the observation point is composed of three main contributions: the local earthquakes associated with two main fluid-magmatic sources, which are located nearby the adit; a slowly varying wave field, which is probably related to the same sources; and the industrial noise, namely, the vibrations caused by the traffic of carriages and a weak stationary background noise.     

地震地形变观测系统的组成、发展及应用

简要介绍地震地形变观测系统的组成及地形变观测技术的发展,指出不同观测技术的时空特点,光纤和长基线应变仪等新技术的优点以及不同地形变观测技术进行联合观测的可行性和方法优势。通过对日本岐阜县安装的1500 m臂长应变仪与GNSS地球观测网（GEONET）中的连续观测站获取的应变进行比对的实例分析,得出从连续观测站获取的水平应变去趋势后与应变仪得到的连续应变结果基本一致,地震会引起应变异常,应变仪对环境因素的影响更敏感。实际工作中应注意发展优势观测技术,进行观测技术和研究方法的融合、提高监测密度,增强时空分辨率,提升地震前兆特征识别能力,更好地为科学防震减灾服务。      

The current state of the seismic monitoring system in Kabardino-Balkaria

Geodynamic conditions in the territory of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic are characterized by a high variety of processes: seismic events of different classes, including swarms of weak earthquakes and the technogenic phenomena (chemical explosion), local geodynamic processes around the Elbrus volcanic center, and various exogenous processes, such as landslides, mud flows, and rock-ice slides. The possibilities of researching all these phenomena with use of a regional network of digital seismic stations are considered in the present article.