琼东南盆地古近纪幕式裂陷及构造、层序和沉积的综合响应过程

通过对区域性角度不整合、构造沉降阶段性演化以及断裂幕式活动和古构造格架变化等信息的识别与厘定,揭示了琼东南盆地古近纪构造活动的幕式演化过程及其特征。进一步结合层序地层与沉积充填综合分析,系统论述了幕式裂陷作用对沉积层序形成与演化的控制。研究表明：琼东南盆地古近纪经历了3个裂陷阶段,即裂陷Ⅰ幕（S₁₀₀-S₈₀）、裂陷Ⅱ幕（S₈₀-S₇₀）和裂陷Ⅲ幕（S₇₀-S₆₀）,分别对应盆地的初始断陷期、主断陷期和断坳转换期。裂陷活动早期以强烈的差异性块断作用为主导,而晚期逐渐被区域性坳陷作用和少量断裂活动共同控制的均一化沉降作用所取代,整体呈现出弱-强-弱的演化特征。裂陷作用的幕式过程及不同裂陷幕同沉积构造活动的差异性通过对可容纳空间、沉降速率、同沉积断裂活动和古构造格架的深刻影响,进而控制了盆地内层序地层单元与沉积旋回的整体发育、沉积与沉降中心的时空展布以及层序地层格架下沉积体系域的构成样式。     

琼东南盆地深水区构造演化及东西段构造差异对比

以琼东南盆地为研究对象,在地震资料构造解释的基础上,选取琼东南盆地6条典型剖面,采用面积守恒法对其进行平衡剖面的恢复,计算出各个剖面在不同时期的拉张量以及拉张率,以此为基础对琼东南盆地的构造演化过程及区域性差异进行了定性以及定量分析。研究表明,在琼东南盆地中部位置,水平拉张率显著减小并较为稳定,表明盆地内部的打开是均匀的;琼东南盆地新生代的构造演化分为四个阶段,65~33.9 Ma: 盆地伸展活动开始;33.9~23 Ma: 盆地伸展活动增强并达到顶峰;23~10.5 Ma: 伸展活动明显减弱,发育了少量继承性断层;10.5~0 Ma: 平静沉积,基本没有断裂活动。琼东南盆地东西段构造样式存在明显差异,盆地西部断裂数量较少,单一断层断距大,有利于油气从烃源岩向内部储层运移填充,上部形成良好的盖层,防止油气的逃逸;盆地东段地堑内部发育较多断裂,断裂期次多、组合复杂,沉积盖层厚度薄,不利于油气的保存。基底性质和先存断裂影响着琼东南盆地东、西部的构造演化。     

琼东南盆地深水区松南区块新生代构造—沉积演化特征研究

松南区块古近系为近几年新发现的一套油气藏勘探的潜力层系,在琼东南盆地是重点勘探目标之一.深水盆地油气勘探的难点之一是其构造演化复杂多变且发育多种沉积体系.这里从测井、录井、岩芯、地震等资料入手,对研究区新生代构造沉积演化及沉积相特征进行分析,研究认为琼东南盆地松南低凸起新生代构造演化可分为两大体系:①古近系裂陷期形成的...     

琼东南盆地深水块体流构成及其沉积特征

为了深化对琼东南盆地深水区沉积体系的认识,基于琼东南盆地深水区2D和3D地震资料,发现琼东南盆地深水区发育大量的块体流沉积.通过对块体流沉积进行精细刻画,识别出一些典型的块体流沉积特征:滑移体、陆坡陡崖、搬运块体、残余块体、挤压脊、逆冲断层以及块体流顶部的滞留沉积等.陡倾陆坡上块体流以杂乱反射为特征,地层变形剧烈,而宽...     

琼东南盆地南部隆起带新生界沉积体系及其构造-沉积演化

新特提斯洋的弧后扩张导致古南海消亡与新南海扩张,西沙、中沙等微陆块从华南陆缘分离,使琼东南盆地形成并持续沉降。琼东南盆地南部隆起带崖城组沉积期以填平补齐为特征,主要发育近物源的扇三角洲-浅海陆棚沉积体系,物源主要来自松南低凸起和南部隆起剥蚀区。陵水组-梅山组沉积期,由于构造沉降叠加全球海平面上升使海侵扩大,南部隆起带主要发育浅海陆棚沉积,仅在西沙（永乐）隆起发育孤立碳酸盐台地（生物礁）。琼东南盆地及其南部隆起带新生代的构造-沉积演化是在古南海消亡与新南海扩张导致盆地持续沉降的构造背景下完成的,并叠加了全球海平面显著下降对滨海-浅海陆棚剥蚀夷平的强烈影响。     

琼东南盆地深水区中央峡谷沉积微相特征

中央峡谷位于南海北部琼东南盆地深水区,是琼东南盆地深水区油气勘探的重点区域。迄今为止,对于峡谷的成因及沉积微相的认识,不同学者有不同的观点。近来,峡谷内又新增了多口钻井,系统的分析总结峡谷的充填期次、沉积微相的划分及骨架砂体的展布意义重大,将直接影响到峡谷下一步的勘探部署。因此,本文以钻井资料为基础,通过岩矿特征、粒度分析、沉积构造、古生物特征、测井相等的分析,再结合高分辨率三维地震资料,综合分析了地震剖面、均方根振幅属性、多种切片技术等地震相特征,根据从点到面的研究思路对黄流组时期（S₄₀～S₃₀）中央峡谷发育的沉积微相进行了精细研究,研究表明琼东南盆地中央峡谷为大型侵蚀型水道,具有曲流水道特征,类似陆上曲流河沉积,发育点砂坝、天然堤复合体、泥质水道等沉积微相;综合构造背景、古地貌及古地貌与平面沉积相叠合图的研究表明,点砂坝主要发育于峡谷古地形的弯曲处,系水道不断迁移摆动而形成的侧向加积体,地震剖面上表现为强振幅叠瓦状前积型特征,岩性为块状细砂岩夹薄层泥岩,测井曲线GR呈中-高幅箱形夹薄层低幅齿形,为正旋回沉积特征。点砂坝规模不等,面积约8~20.5 km2;天然堤复合体范围较窄,这可能受峡谷壁的限制作用影响。已钻井也证实,点砂坝作为峡谷水道的骨架砂体,储层物性好,具有良好的勘探前景。     

琼东南盆地松南低凸起古近系构造-沉积演化特征与天然气成藏

为了明确松南低凸起区构造沉积演化特征及对天然气成藏的意义.基于区域长剖面精细解释,利用最新的钻井、测井、地震资料,分析了松南低凸起及围区古近系构造格局、斜坡类型及演化特征、沉积特征及与天然气成藏的关系.结果表明,松南低凸起主要受北部2号、12号断裂,南部11号、10号断裂活动控制,古近纪经历了:“（1）差异翘倾抬升,西高东低;（2）加速翘倾抬升,向东抬升”这2个阶段,并以发育旋转掀斜斜坡为主.古地貌具有“隆凹相间”与“西高东低”的特征.断裂活动及翘倾抬升作用控制了物源区的分布、缓坡沉积格局及输砂通道,在东突起上发育了缓坡带扇三角洲沉积.大面积分布的扇三角洲发育了优质的储集体,构造活动形成了多种类型的圈闭,天然气生、运、聚时空匹配良好,松南低凸起古近系有望成为琼东南盆地下一个千亿方级的天然气聚集区.      

琼东南盆地莺歌海组重力流沉积演化过程

琼东南盆地是我国重要的油气富集区和水合物前景区,研究其深水沉积体系的展布和演化过程对于油气和水合物勘探具有重要意义。利用高精度三维地震资料,对琼东南甘泉凸起西部陆坡沉积体系进行研究。通过地震相识别的方法,分析了该地区浊积水道和滑塌体两种不同成因沉积体的沉积特征:浊积水道受底流作用影响,和陆坡走向平行,发育有不对称的天然堤;通过地震剖面的精细解释,在水道上部和下部发育两套滑塌体:下部滑塌体为正常滑塌体,由多期的滑塌过程组成,滑塌体叠置现象明显;上部为水道注入型滑塌体,由于外部流体的注入,使水体的密度和黏度下降,故滑塌范围较广,成层性明显。通过均方根属性切片与沉积模式重建的方法,将其沉积过程分成三期:即滑塌、侵蚀和再滑塌并受底流改造三个阶段。     

琼东南盆地半地堑特征及其动力学探讨

利用琼东南盆地的反射地震剖面等资料,对其中具有代表性的崖北、北礁凹陷等半地堑的几何学、运动学特征进行分析,划分出旋转半地堑、滚动半地堑和多米诺式半地堑系3种类型,认为半地堑经历了中始新世-早渐新世、晚渐新世-早中新世两个演化阶段,并且在时间上有东早西晚,空间上有"东西分块、南北分带"的特征。在盆地半地堑组合特征及区域构造分析的基础上,指出盆地的发育与演化主要受古太平洋板块俯冲带后撤、红河断裂的左行走滑和南海海盆扩张的联合作用影响,表现为裂陷前期(Tg-T7)主要受古太平洋板块俯冲后撤及红河断裂的左行走滑联合作用,后期(T-T)主要受南海海盆海底扩张作用影响;而盆地张裂是通过纯剪切作用完成的。     

Tectonic Evolution and Dynamics of Deepwater Area of Pearl River Mouth Basin,Northern South China Sea

Quantitative studies on the evolution and dynamics of the deepwater area of Pearl River Mouth basin (PRMB) were carried out based on the latest geological and seismic data.The study area is generally in an extensional state during the Cenozoic.The major extension happened in the earlier syn-rift stages before 23 Ma and the extension after 23 Ma is negligible.Two rapid subsidence periods,32-23 Ma and 5.3-2.6 Ma,are identified,which are related to the abrupt heat decay during margin breakup and the collision between the Philippine Sea plate and the Eurasian plate,respectively.The strongest crustal thinning in the Baiyun (白云) sag may trigger the syn-rift volcanism along the weak faulted belt around the sag.The Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the study area could be divided into five stages：rifting (～0-40 Ma),rift-driR transition (～40-32 Ma),early post-breakup (～32-23 Ma),thermal subsidence (～23-5.3 Ma) and neotectonic movement (～5.3-0 Ma).     

Features of Late Cenozoic Deepwater Sedimentation in Southern Qiongdongnan Basin,Northwestern South China Sea

Based on high resolution 2D and 3D seismic data acquired in recent years,using sequence stratigraphy analysis and geophysical methods,we discuss the features of Late Cenozoic deepwater sedimentation in the southern Qiongdongnan (琼东南) basin.The study area entered a bathyal slope environment in the Miocene.The channel developed in the Sanya (三亚) Formation was controlled by a fault break,and its shingled seismic characteristics represent multiple erosion and fill,which may indicate that turbidite current developed in the slope environment.The polygon faults found in mudstone of the Meishan (梅山) Formation represent the deepwater hungry sedimentary environment.The large-scale channels developed on the top of HuangUu (黄流) Formation could be the result of a big sea level drop and an increase of sediment supply.The fantastic turbidite channel developed in Late Quaternary in the slope environment has "fan-like" body and long frontal tiny avuision channel The analysis of these features suggests that the sediment supply of the study area in the post-rifting period was dominant from the Vietnam uplift in the southwest.These deepwater sedimentary features could be potential reservoirs or migration pathways for deepwater petroleum systems.     

Tectonic Evolution of the Wanan Basin,Southwestern South China Sea

Quantitative studies on the extension and subsidence of the Wanan Basin were carried out based on available seismic and borehole data together with regional geological data.Using balanced cross-section and backstripping techniques,we reconstructed the stratigraphic deposition and tectonic evolution histories of the basin.The basin formed from the Eocene and was generally in an extensional/transtensional state except for the Late Miocene local compressoin.The major basin extension ocurred in the Oligocene and Early Miocene(before ~16.3 Ma) and thereafter uniform stretch in a smaller rate.The northern and middle basin extended intensely earlier during 38.6–23.3 Ma,while the southern basin was mainly stretched during 23.3–16.3 Ma.The basin formation and development are related to alternating sinistral to dextral strike-slip motions along the Wanan Fault Zone.The dominant dynamics may be caused by the seafloor spreading of the South China Sea and the its peripheral plate interaction.The basin tectonic evolution is divided into five phases:initial rifting,main rifting,rift-drift transition,structural inversion,and thermal subsidence.     

论华南（北部）前震旦纪基本构造格局与演化

华南(北部)古元古代已有物质记录，且可能曾连于一体。古元古代末期吕梁造山运动揭开华南构造运动的序幕，形成以浙江龙泉、江西星子等为代表的古岛，并被随后的中元古代沉积物不整合所覆。地质学及古地磁学证据表明，中元古代中后期或之前其被裂解为扬子板块与华夏板块，各板块具有不同的运动特征。大致在1100一800Ma期间，华夏板块与扬子板块完成拼贴与碰撞，这一称之为与格林威尔相当的晋宁运动标志着华南前震旦纪演化的结束。     

南海北部琼东南盆地岩石热物性特征

岩石热物性是盆地模拟和预测深部温度时不可或缺的参数。琼东南盆地是当前我国海洋油气资源勘探开发的重点区 块，揭示该盆地的热状态和烃源岩热演化历史均离不开真实可靠的岩石热物性参数。前人虽然对南海北部地区的岩石热物 性开展过相关研究，仍存在实测数据偏少、代表性不足和相互矛盾等问题，亟需新增一批新的实测数据来弥补该区基础地 热参数的不足。文章对采自琼东南盆地19口钻孔的32块岩心样品开展了热导率、生热率以及密度和孔隙度等物性参数测 试，揭示了它们的空间展布特征、相互关系及其主控因素，建立了琼东南盆地新生界地层平均热导率和生热率，据此估算 出盆地沉积物的放射性生热贡献约占地表热流的33%。这些实测的岩石热物性参数为南海北部海域沉积盆地的盆地模拟和 地热相关研究提供了坚实的基础数据。     

南海北部陆缘的构造属性问题

以1号断裂为界,南海北部陆缘可分为东,西两段：东段包括北部湾盆地,琼东南盆地,珠江口盆地和台西盆地等,西段包拓莺歌海盆地。两者构造形变特征存在一定的差异性：东段盆地边界断层主要为NE－EW向,为分支断层通过不同类型转换坡连接而成的多支正断层系,因断层位移沿走向有规律变化,在其上盘发育相关褶皱,如横向褶皱;西段盆地边界断层也是由多条分支断层连接的多支断层系,但方向为NW向,以走滑作用为主,上盘没有发育断层相关褶皱。结合新生代岩浆作用,沉降和充填作用及地壳结构等特征分析,南海北部陆缘东段在构造活动上可以分成三个相对活跃时期,即50－40,30－28和10－5Ma左右。每一期拥有各自的特点,并具有不同的动力学来源,前两期与南海的扩张关系密切,3则与南海扩张无成因联系。南海北部陆缘虽然有一定的岩浆活动,但不是张烈的同期产物,因而它在形成机制上属于非火山型被动大陆边缘,其活动性因素是受周边板块相互作用的叠加所致。西段从成因机制上来讲并不属于南海北部陆缘,可能与印－藏碰撞关系更为密切。     

南海北部琼东南盆地岩石热物性特征

岩石热物性是盆地模拟和预测深部温度时不可或缺的参数。琼东南盆地是当前我国海洋油气资源勘探开发的重点区 块,揭示该盆地的热状态和烃源岩热演化历史均离不开真实可靠的岩石热物性参数。前人虽然对南海北部地区的岩石热物 性开展过相关研究,仍存在实测数据偏少、代表性不足和相互矛盾等问题,亟需新增一批新的实测数据来弥补该区基础地 热参数的不足。文章对采自琼东南盆地19口钻孔的32块岩心样品开展了热导率、生热率以及密度和孔隙度等物性参数测 试,揭示了它们的空间展布特征、相互关系及其主控因素,建立了琼东南盆地新生界地层平均热导率和生热率,据此估算 出盆地沉积物的放射性生热贡献约占地表热流的33%。这些实测的岩石热物性参数为南海北部海域沉积盆地的盆地模拟和 地热相关研究提供了坚实的基础数据。     

Gravity Flow on Slope and Abyssal Systems in the Qiongdongnan Basin, Northern South China Sea

The study of new seismic data permits the identification of sediment gravity flows in terms of internal architecture and the distribution on shelf and abyssal setting in the Qiongdongnan Basin (QDNB). Six gravity flow types are recognized: (1) turbidite channels with a truncational basal and concordant overburden relationship along the shelf edge and slope, comprising laterally-shifting and vertically-aggrading channel complexes; (2) slides with a spoon-shaped morphology slip steps on the shelf-break and generated from the deformation of poorly-consolidated and high water content sediments; (3) slumps are limited on the shelf slope, triggered either by an anomalous slope gradient or by fault activity; (4) turbidite sheet complexes (TSC) were ascribed to the basin-floor fan and slope fan origin, occasionally feeding the deep marine deposits by turbidity currents; (5) sediment waves occurring in the lower slope-basin floor, and covering an area of approximately 400?km2, were generated beneath currents flowing across the sea bed; and (6) the central canyon in the deep water area represents an exceptive type of gravity flow composed of an association of debris flow, turbidite channels, and TSC. It presents planar multisegment and vertical multiphase characteristics. Turbidite associated with good petrophysical property in the canyon could be treated as a potential exploration target in the QDNB.     

Postrift Rapid Subsidence Characters in Qiongdongnan Basin,South China Sea

In this article,the backstripping technique was used in studying the subsidence charac-ters of the Qiongdongnan(琼东南) basin(QDNB) in order to understand its dynamic mechanism of formation and evolution.Meanwhile,the geothermal characteristics of this area were summarized,and the stretching factors(β) of the upper crust,the whole crust,and the whole lithosphere were calculated.The QDNB is characterized by high subsidence rate,high geothermal gradient,high geothermal heat flow,and the lithosphere stretching an...