Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) as vectors of contaminants to human consumers in northwest Florida

The health benefits of regular consumption of fish and seafood have been espoused for many years. However, fish are also a potential source of environmental contaminants that have well known adverse effects on human health. We investigated the consumption risks for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides; n = 104) and striped mullet (Mugil cephalus; n = 170), two commonly harvested and consumed fish species inhabiting fresh and estuarine waters in northwest Florida. Skinless fillets were analyzed for total mercury, inorganic arsenic, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides. Contaminant levels were compared to screening values (SV) calculated using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommendations for establishing consumption advisories. Largemouth bass were found to contain high levels of total mercury at all sampling locations (0.37–0.89 ug/g) and one location exhibited elevated total PCBs (39.4 ng/g). All of the samples exceeded Florida fish consumption advisory trigger levels for total mercury and one location exceeded the U.S. EPA SV for total PCBs. As a result of the high mercury levels, the non-cancer health risks (hazard index–HI) for bass were above 1 for all locations. Striped mullet from several locations with known point sources contained elevated levels of PCBs (overall range 3.4–59.3 ng/g). However, total mercury levels in mullet were low. Eight of the 16 mullet sampling locations exceeded the U.S. EPA SV for total PCBs and two locations exceeded an HI of 1 due to elevated PCBs. Despite the elevated levels of total PCBs in some samples, only two locations exceeded the acceptable cancer risk range and therefore cancer health risks from consumption of bass and mullet were determined to be low at most sampling locations.     

苯并(a)芘和芘对梭鱼肝脏DNA损伤的研究

用苯并(a)芘、芘以及它们的等量混和物,分别在浓度为0.1,1,10,20,50μg/dm3浓度下对梭鱼暴污,5d后取梭鱼肝脏和鳃用碱解旋法分别测定其DNA的损伤,结果随着污染物浓度的增加,肝脏DNA损伤程度增加;在相同浓度下,苯并(a)芘和芘的联合毒性大于苯并(a)芘和芘分别作用时的毒性之和。所以苯并(a)芘和芘对DNA损伤的联合作用应为加强作用。     

舟山沿岸四种藤壶类壳板的亚显微结构

本文研究了舟山沿岸四种藤壶（三角藤壶Ｂａｌａｎｕｓｔｒｉｇｏｎｕｓ，纹藤壶Ｂ．ａｍｐｈｉｔｒｉｔｅａｍｇｈｉｔｒｉｔｅ，白脊藤壶Ｂ．ａｌｂｉｃｏｓｔａｔｕｓ及日本笠藤壶Ｔｅｔｒａｃｌｉｔａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ）壳板的亚显微结构。结果表明，壳板表面的亚显微结构主要有生长脊（包括毛脊、大脊、微脊）和放射脊。其中，大脊和放射脊系本文首次报道。大脊于蔡壶蜕皮后毛脊（刚毛）形成的同时或其后形成，与蜕度周期有关。放射脊的形成可增加壳板的坚固度。各种生长脊的数量及强弱变化反映了藤壶的生理代谢状况及环境对藤壶成长的影响。本文比较了四种藤壶之间壳板表面的亚显微结构，发现它们有很大的差异。通过比较四种藤壶成体和幼体之间壳板表面的亚显微结构，发现藤壶壳板表面结构与年龄有密切关系，尤以生活于潮间带中上区的白脊藤壶和日本笠藤壶为显著。环境，尤其是潮区，对藤壶壳板的生长有很大影响。日本笠藤壶、白脊藤壶、纹藤壶壳板结构明显受其生活的潮区影响。     

Radiochemical,scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray dispersive energy (EDAX) studies of a FAMOUS hydrothermal deposit

During the French-American Mid-Oceanic Undersea Survey (FAMOUS) the French team participating in the mission explored the active A transform fault with the diving saucer CYANA, and discovered a characteristic hydrothermal deposit. The results presented here concern the structural and radiochemical study of three samples: two metalenriched samples and one sample of consolidated calcareous sediment recovered from the area.It is shown that there is a chemical segregation between silica and iron on one hand, and manganese in the other hand, and that on such deposits the layer-by-layer radio-chemical analysis of the uranium series is not applicable.Three different age estimations may be made:In the managanese encrustation, thorium 230 is depleted towards equilibrium with its parent uranium 234, suggesting a maximum age of 45,000 years to the deposit.On the contrary, the outermost layer, 0.1 cm thick, formed essentially with loose sediment stained with oxides, presents an excess of thorium 230. The Σ²³⁰Th_(excess)/cm² may be used to calculate a minimum age of 20 years.Such a sediment thickness, in this area, corresponds to a time span of 50 years.     

EROD activities of liver in Mugil so-iuy exposed to benzo (a)pyrene, pyrene and their mixture

Abstract-The effects on hepatic EROD (7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase) in Mugil so-iuy exposedto benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), pyrene and their mixtures of equal concentration were investigated, at con-centrations of 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 50.0 μg/dm~3, in experimental condition. Time-effects and dose-response of the biochemical indexs were observed. The results showed that the hepatic EROD activitieswere induced by the exposure of BaP, pyrene and their mixtures at high concentration. Dose-responseconnections were that the hepatic EROD activities were elevated with increasing concentration of the pol-lutants. The combined effect of BaP and pyrene at 1:1 concentration ratio on hepatic EROD activity wasantagonism.     

两种饵料条件下鮻的碳收支研究

根据对鮻(Liza haematocheila)进行21 d 的室内模拟实验所得数据, 分析了两种饵料条件(饵料1:高营养价饵料; 饵料2: 低营养价饵料)饲育下鮻的碳循环过程。结果表明: 鮻摄食高营养价饵料后的碳消化率显著低于摄食低营养价饵料。摄入碳量受饵料种类影响, 与饵料营养价值成反比。碳摄入量中用于生长的部分(以比例衡量)不受饵料种类影响, 通过非粪便途径流失量远远高于粪便途径, 约为后者的8~10 倍。转运碳(y)与体质量(x)之间成线性关系为: y=723.13x?62.124(饵料1)与y=718.99x+832.32(饵料2)。鮻的碳收支方程式为100 摄入碳=13.03 生长碳+13.08 粪便碳+73.89 非粪便流失碳(饵料1)和100 摄入碳=12.70 生长碳+8.18 粪便碳+79.12 非粪便流失碳(饵料2)。     

Nursery areas of red mullet (Mullus barbatus), hake (Merluccius merluccius) and deep-water rose shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) in the Eastern-Central Mediterranean Sea

The spatial pattern of the nursery areas of red mullet (Mullus barbatus), hake (Merluccius merluccius) (Linnaeus, 1758) and deep-water rose shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) (Lucas, 1846) was studied in the South Adriatic and North Ionian Seas (Eastern-Central Mediterranean) applying geostatistical techniques and data from time series trawl surveys conducted in the area. The analysed variables were: R (number of recruits/km²) and R/Tot (fraction of recruits on the total sampled population). The structural analysis showed a spatial pattern of both variables characterized by continuity on a small scale. Predictions of nursery area localization with probability of finding recruits at different threshold values were obtained through median indicator kriging. For the red mullet the nurseries were mainly identified in the South Adriatic Sea off the Gargano peninsula and between Molfetta and Monopoli within 50 m in depth. The main concentration of hake juveniles was found to be between 100 and 200 m in depth along the Gargano peninsula and between Otranto and Santa Maria di Leuca, where a nursery of deep-water rose shrimp was also detected. An overlapping depth, between 100 and 200 m, was identified for hake and deep-water rose shrimp nurseries. Protection of these areas through limitations of fishing pressure is discussed.     

栉江珧精子超微结构的电镜观察

为了给栉江珧(Atrina pectinata)受精机理提供细胞学依据,利用透射电镜对栉江珧精子的超微结构进行了详细观察。结果显示,栉江珧成熟精子为典型的原生型,包括头部、中段与尾部三部分。头部为卵圆形,由顶体和细胞核组成。顶体纵切面为倒“V”字形,顶体腔内电子密度不均匀,近顶体外膜有一电子密度较高的弧状带,其余部分电子密度较低。核内有高度浓缩的染色质,其中有不规则的电子密度较低的核泡存在。无核后窝,有核前窝和植入窝。中段由2个相互垂直的中心粒及周围5个呈辐射状排列的线粒体组成。线粒体近卵圆形,由内外膜组成。尾部鞭毛由轴丝和质膜组成。结果表明栉江珧精子超微结构与典型的双壳贝类精子结构类似,在一定程度上反映了栉江珧的生殖进化及受精机理。     

褐壳藻属一新种——黄海褐壳藻

于1982—1988年在辽宁省大连沿海黑石礁等地采到标本50余株,经自然环境及室内的培养观察及分类研究表明,标本系褐壳藻属Ralfsia Berkely, 1831的一新种,定名为黄海褐壳藻Ralfsia huanghaiensis nov. sp.。模式标本保存于大连水产学院海藻标本室。     

Interactions of cadmium with sulfhydryl-containing compounds in striped mullet (mugil cephalus L.)

Interactions between cadmium and sulfhydryl-containing compounds in striped mullet, Mugil cephalus, were examined. Exposure to 10 mg Cd/liter for up to 6 weeks caused an increase in the acid-soluble thiol (AST) content of the liver. Although the AST concentration was elevated at 1·4 weeks, increases in the glutathione and cysteine contents were not observed until after 4 weeks of exposure. Homogenates of livers were fractionated on a Sephadex G-75 column. A homogenate of livers of mullet injected with ¹⁰⁹Cd 2 days prior to sampling had an elution profile for thiols similar to controls. After 3 weeks exposure to 10 mg Cd/liter the 9400 MW thiol peak increased 3·6-fold and the peak with the same retention volume as glutathione increased 4·3-fold. Greater than 70% of the thiols in these two peaks were acid-soluble. In both experiments, almost all the cadmium was associated with the 9400 MW peak. The ratio in the 9400 MW peak declined from 14·1 (controls) to 3·2 after 3 weeks exposure. No cadmium was associated with glutathione in the bile.     

Notes Light and electron microscopic study on Lymphocystis of cage cultured kelp bass, Epinethelus moara (Temminck et Schlegel)

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耳壳藻科一新属——枝壳藻属

我们在对西沙群岛珊瑚藻科藻类进行研究时,发现在1975,1976和1980年三次采获的西沙标本中,有一种桔红色、灌木状的石灰质藻类,为数不少,个体大小不等,其中最大的一个标本长径达20厘米,短径约12厘米,多固着生长在死的鹿角珊瑚上,外形奇特,藻体极度钙化,匍匐的皮壳部上面具密集的突枝或灌木状分枝,略似具突枝的皮壳状珊瑚     

沼蜷属螺一新种记述(腹足纲: 黑贝科)

探讨并殖吸虫螺类宿主自然资源。发现采自福建北部的沼蜷属螺Paludomus一新种,命名为闽北沼蜷。参照《医学贝类学》和相关文献进行形态描述。正模(FJ6135)壳高18.15 mm,壳宽13.46 mm,壳口高14.05 mm,壳口宽8.04 mm。产地武夷山九曲溪。螺层5层,顶层及原壳层多缺失,螺面呈绿褐色,各螺层宽度上向体螺层增长迅速,体螺层大而膨胀,其高度上约占全部高度的4/5。齿舌中央齿呈尖峰状,中部支齿大而突出。内缘齿单支而宽大,两侧缘各有3或5枚不甚突出小齿,分布不对称,排列公式:3-1-3,3-1-5(3),7,5。本新种可与黔沼蜷(P.quianensis Liu et al,1994)、带沼蜷(P.cinctus Liu et al,1994)比较鉴别。     

Ultrastructure study of the diatom——Ⅱ. Synedra, Cyclophora, Plagiogramma, Opephora, Fragilaria and Pseudostaurosira

Ｕｌｔｒａｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｔｈｅｄｉａｔｏｍ──Ⅱ．Ｓｙｎｅｄｒａ，Ｃｙｃｌｏｐｈｏｒａ，Ｐｌａｇｉｏｇｒａｍｍａ，Ｏｐｅｐｈｏｒａ，ＦｒａｇｉｌａｒｉａａｎｄＰｓｅｕｄｏｓｔａｕｒｏｓｉｒａ￥ＬｉｕＳｈｉｃｈｅｎｇ（Ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄ...     

东海双壳类笋螂科一新种——中华笋螂

笋螂科一新种——中华笋螂Pholodomya(Nipponopanacca)sinica sp. nov.系于1981年采自东海冲绳海槽。新种的主要特征是壳表具粗糙的同心生长纹,较大的粒状突起遍布壳的表面。在壳顶附近这些粒状突起呈放射状排列,在壳的近边缘处则排列无序。     

中国拟鸡冠菜属的一个新种

对1958年4月采自西沙群岛永兴岛的红翎菜科麒麟菜族标本AST 58-4195号、AST 58—4154A号和AST 58-4158号进行切片与染色的分类研究。将其与该科中相近的麒麟菜属、琼枝藻属和卡帕藻属的不同种一起，进行了营养体的外部形态和内部构造，尤其是囊果的形态与切面特征的详细比较、研究和鉴定。结果表明，这些标本是我国目前尚未报道的红翎菜科拟鸡冠菜属的一个新种：具花拟鸡冠菜Meristiella florigia sp．nov．。     

中国尖缘螺属一新种记述(柄眼目, 琥珀螺科)

作者利用形态解剖和扫描电镜方法对采自新疆五家渠市琥珀螺科(Succineidae)一未知种类进行了研究。结果如下:该种贝壳长卵圆形,黄棕色,壳质薄,半透明,中等大小,壳高12.56~15.10 mm,壳宽6.48~7.72 mm,有2.8~3.1个螺层;软体密布色素点,整体黑褐色;阴茎较短,绝大多数个体阴茎一侧扩展呈片状沿纵向与囊状的另一侧相折叠;阴茎附属物片状,长度约为阴茎长度的1/4;阴茎基背板长,在阴茎鞘中折叠6~7次;阴茎内部具数条纵褶,阴茎内表面密布微小乳状突。结果显示该种属于尖缘螺属(Oxyloma),与该属已报道的相近种差异明显,为一新种,即五家渠尖缘螺(Oxyloma wujiaquensis sp.nov.)。模式标本保存于新疆大学生命科学与技术学院。     

涌流式培育的大獭蛤稚贝生长的初步研究

2004年11月至2005年1月利用涌流装置和浓缩扁藻进行了大獭蛤(Lutraria(Psam-mophila)maxima)稚贝的中间培育实验。实验所采用的涌流流量为500 mL/min,扁藻密度分别为8 870个/mL±512个/mL和3 368个/mL±557个/mL,稚贝的培育密度分别为20 000,35 000,50 000粒/m2。结果表明,过高的扁藻密度不利于大獭蛤稚贝的摄食,并会造成稚贝的死亡。只有在适当的扁藻密度和涌流流量条件下,大獭蛤稚贝才能正常生长。不同的稚贝培育密度对稚贝的生长存在影响,密度越高,生长越慢;水温低于15℃时,稚贝摄食停止,生长缓慢;稚贝在游离状态下与铺沙条件下的生长基本一致。