江苏刘圩幅1∶50 000地质图数据库

江苏刘圩幅(I50E015017) 1∶50 000地质图数据集由系统库、地质图及空间数据库、成果报告及附图附表组成。该图幅在充分利用前人调查研究资料基础上,采用遥感地质解译、地球物理与地质钻探勘探、路线地质调查、实测剖面和大比例尺填图等多种手段相结合的方法,对区内郯庐断裂带空间结构、新近纪与第四纪沉积特征、构造活动性等进行了详细的调查。通过构造地貌解析、构建地球物理和地质钻探联合剖面、露头尺度解剖,查明了郯庐断裂带泗洪地区深部及地表出露特征、新近系与第四系三维结构,结合年代学研究,发现F₂断层晚更新世活动证据。恢复了区域晚中生代以来构造和古地理古环境演化历史,划分了区域白垩纪断陷沉降、古近纪挤压隆升、新近纪伸展断陷和晚第四纪以来的再次挤压隆升共4期构造演化阶段。提出晚第四纪区域由伸展断陷向挤压隆升的构造转换事件。图幅数据库是刘圩幅区域地质调查的综合性成果,由主图和角图构成,并附简要说明,涵盖了区内新元古代、中生代、新生代沉积(岩)地质体及其构造属性特征,充分反映了该地区自中生代以来的构造演化与沉积响应过程、新构造与活动构造特征,为研究郯庐断裂带深部结构与构造演化、活动构造与地震防灾等提供基础数据。     

合肥盆地东部中-新生代的演化及其对郯庐断裂带活动的响应

合肥盆地的沉积作用与其东缘的郯庐断裂带演化有着良好的耦合关系。侏罗纪盆地发育主要受大别造山带演化控制,东部可见对同造山期郯庐断裂带左旋转换走滑的沉积响应。盆地内朱巷组的沉积是对早白垩世早期郯庐断裂再次发生陆内左行平移的响应,该时期成盆模式为一走滑—挠曲盆地。盆地内上白垩统—古近系的形成是对这期间郯庐断裂带伸展活动的响应,盆地具区域性伸展(双向伸展)的特征。盆地东部自新近纪以来的抬升、消亡与东缘反转构造的存在,指示了郯庐断裂带的逆冲活动。盆地东部的沉积记录结合近年来郯庐断裂带内部构造与同位素年代学的最新研究成果,指示该断裂带中-新生代经历了4个演化阶段:同造山期的左旋转换走滑、早白垩世早期的陆内左行平移、晚白垩世—古近纪的伸展运动和新近纪以来的逆冲活动。     

郯庐断裂带对辽中煤田构造的控制作用初探

郯庐断裂是我国东部一条大型的超壳断裂,它影响和控制了沿带的主要沉积特征和构造演化。随着新的勘查成果和矿区生产资料的积累,郯庐断裂带对辽中煤田沉积和构造控制作用等方面的认识也进一步深入,分析认为郯庐断裂带中、新生代以来的发育史分为三期,即晚侏罗世—早白垩世左行平移期、晚白垩世—古近纪伸展期和新近纪以来的右行挤压期。同时详细分析了各个时期郯庐断裂带对辽中煤田(红阳煤田、永乐煤田、沈北煤田、本溪煤田等)构造样式的影响,研究结果对煤炭资源进一步勘查具有指导意义。     

粤东河源盆地的深部构造、沉积序列与盆地演化

粤东河源盆地是东南沿海规模较大的晚中生代—新生代陆相盆地之一,发育有较为完整的晚白垩世—新近纪地层。研究该盆地的深部构造、控盆断裂、沉积序列和盆地的形成发展,对于认识东南沿海晚中生代—新近纪的大地构造演化有重要意义。通过对野外地质调查、地球物理反射剖面和约两千米的地质科学钻探等数据资料的综合研究,查明了河源盆地为中生代—新生代沉积断陷盆地,地层结构清晰,沉积基底为早古生代地层,并建立了该盆地晚白垩世—新近纪的三阶段沉积序列;该盆地发育渐新世的火山岩,揭示了控盆边界断裂及内部构造发育特征,暗示了原型盆地的破坏发生于晚新生代:即盆地南北两侧紫金—博罗逆冲断层和河源断裂带在晚古近纪—新近纪强烈地改造了原型盆地;基于以上认识,初步恢复了河源盆地的形成演化历史,构建了河源盆地沉积序列-构造演化模式。     

定远凹陷形成的区域构造背景及其演化过程

定远凹陷上古生界构造归属及其构造演化过程,对下一步该地区煤炭资源评价与非常规天然气选区具有关键性的意义。文章利用最新的地球物理与钻探成果,应用构造解析及区域对比等方法,结合区域构造规律与前人相关认识,对定远凹陷构造特征、上古生界构造归属及中生代以来的构造演化过程进行了详细的论述,其结果认为定远凹陷内发育的上古生界煤系地层属于淮南煤田中部复式向斜构造带东部的延伸。该凹陷受大别造山带隆起及郯庐断裂带中、新生代走滑活动影响,分别经历了印支期（T3）前陆变形、早中侏罗世（J1+2）相对隆起、晚侏罗世（J3）末期至早白垩世初期（K1初期）郯庐断裂带左行走滑改造、早白垩世期间（K1）至古近纪(E）伸展改造、古近纪末期挤压反转以及新近纪（Q）—第四纪（N）坳陷式均匀沉降六个主要演化阶段。     

郯庐断裂带中生代构造演化史：进展与新认识

总结出郯庐断裂带中生代运动学演化的过程与历史,概括为"两大运动时期、五个发辰阶段".第一运动时期对应于三叠纪一早侏罗世早期的"印支运动",以扬子陆块与华北地块之间的拼合和碰撞造山为主导,郯庐断裂带经历了:①转换走滑阶段(240～220Ma),其走滑活动局限在大别和苏鲁超高压变质带之间.这个阶段的陆一陆深俯冲作用使苏鲁超高压变质带向西韧性挤出,导致徐淮弧形构造带的形成和发育.②左旋平移走滑阶段(220～190Ma),徐淮弧形构造带向南错移了约145km,并被大别山以北地区的东西向逆冲系统所吸收.左旋走滑扩展使郯庐断裂带贯穿整个华北和东北地区.第二运动时期对应于中、晚侏罗世至古新世时期的"燕山运动",郯庐断裂带的演化与东亚活动陆缘的演化紧密联系在一起,经历了③中、晚侏罗世至早白垩世早期挤压走滑活动,伴随着华北东部地区岩石圈、地壳增厚和郯庐左旋走滑断裂系的发育.④早白垩世以地壳伸展和陆内裂谷断陷作用为主,使早期增厚的华北克拉通岩石圈发生垮塌和减薄.⑤晚白垩世一古新世以右旋走滑为主,沿断裂带及其两侧发育一系列拉分盆地.系统地阐述了郯庐断裂带中生代发育过程与地质特征,及其在东亚大陆演化历史中独特的作用.     

济阳地区埕岛-垦东构造带中生代的逆冲断层及其与郯庐断裂带的关系

济阳坳陷埕岛—垦东潜山构造带与郯庐断裂带相邻。4条地震剖面在桩西和埕岛地区中生界内揭示大量逆冲断层,据此分析了该构造带不同部位的沉积—变形特征。郯庐断裂带在中生代不同时期具有不同的活动性质。郯庐断裂带的复杂运动过程是桩西和埕岛地区逆冲断层乃至整个北西向构造带中生代以来构造演化的直接动力之一。埕岛—垦东构造带在中生代之前具有相同的构造演化过程,其后由于郯庐断裂带两侧地块发生复杂的斜向离散—斜向汇聚运动,造成构造带不同位置形成了截然不同的构造面貌,于晚白垩世时形成北西向的埕岛—垦东构造带;新生代时因济阳坳陷形成再次统一接受沉积成为潜山披覆构造带。     

郯庐断裂带中生代构造演化史： 进展与新认识

总结出郯庐断裂带中生代运动学演化的过程与历史,概括为“两大运动时期、五个发展阶段”。第一运动时期对应于三叠纪—早侏罗世早期的“印支运动”,以扬子陆块与华北地块之间的拼合和碰撞造山为主导,郯庐断裂带经历了：①转换走滑阶段（240-220Ma）,其走滑活动局限在大别和苏鲁超高压变质带之间。这个阶段的陆-陆深俯冲作用使苏鲁超高压变质带向西韧性挤出,导致徐淮弧形构造带的形成和发育。②左旋平移走滑阶段（220-190Ma）,徐淮弧形构造带向南错移了约145km,并被大别山以北地区的东西向逆冲系统所吸收。左旋走滑扩展使郯庐断裂带贯穿整个华北和东北地区。第二运动时期对应于中、晚侏罗世至古新世时期的＂燕山运动＂,郯庐断裂带的演化与东亚活动陆缘的演化紧密联系在一起,经历了③中、晚侏罗世至早白垩世早期挤压走滑活动,伴随着华北东部地区岩石圈、地壳增厚和郯庐左旋走滑断裂系的发育。④早白垩世以地壳伸展和陆内裂谷断陷作用为主,使早期增厚的华北克拉通岩石圈发生垮塌和减薄。⑤晚白垩世—古新世以右旋走滑为主,沿断裂带及其两侧发育一系列拉分盆地。系统地阐述了郯庐断裂带中生代发育过程与地质特征,及其在东亚大陆演化历史中独特的作用。     

Analysis of Structural Styles in Northern Segment of Tancheng-Lujiang Fault Zone

郯庐断裂带(郯城—庐江断裂带)北段在中—新生代发生多期不同性质活动,形成各具特色的构造样式.各种构造样式和地层间切割或覆盖关系的匹配研究,为限定断裂带活动期次及时代,建立郯庐断裂带北段变形序列提供了第一手资料.不同构造样式反映了断裂带由老至新经历了以下5个重要的变形事件:①密山县知—镇韧性剪切带黑云母40 Ar/39 Ar等时线年龄为161±3Ma,是郯庐断裂带再次发生大规模左旋走滑活动并扩展到东北地区的产物;②四平市叶赫镇负花状断层系以及早白垩世早期东北断陷盆地群的形成,是郯庐断裂带北段在早白垩世早期发生强烈的走滑—伸展作用的重要依据;③四平市石岭子镇佳木斯—伊通断裂大型逆冲断层系和断层相关褶皱、桦甸县敦化—密山断裂"逆地堑"、沈阳—哈尔滨逆冲断裂是郯庐断裂带北段特征最明显、分布最广泛的构造样式,它们形成于晚白垩世嫩江运动—晚白垩世末期,反映了这一时期郯庐断裂带北段遭受到广泛而又强烈的右旋走滑—逆冲作用;④佳伊、敦密古近纪地堑是右旋走滑、伸展双重机制控制的产物;⑤在渐新世末期古近纪地堑的构造反转结束了地堑的演化;中新世郯庐断裂带北段上地幔剪切控制了新生代含幔源包体火山口沿断裂有规律的分布.上述5个重要的变形事件由老至新组成了郯庐断裂带北段较为完整的构造演化序列,它们是不同地球动力学机制的产物.     

从地震信息看新生代郯庐断裂带的展布与活动

郯庐前新近纪断裂带为中国东部滨太平洋地区一条巨型张扭走滑构造带。利用地震信息分析地质结构,可将其分为南、中、北三大段和七亚段。按其影响范围的规模可划分为广义和狭义两类:广义郯庐前新近纪断裂带地质结构是“两凹夹一隆”,狭义郯庐前新近纪断裂带则指高垒带与两侧(邻)的断层组合。断裂带内外都发育有反转、花状构造。狭义郯庐前新近纪断裂带走向为NNE,仅在嘉山以南为NE向,其两侧的前新近纪断层大体上都为EW、NE和NEE走向,与狭义郯庐断裂呈锐角相切。古近纪构造层中,由南到北郯庐断层两侧箕状断陷边界都由生长断层所组成,说明郯庐断裂两侧的古近纪断陷应属拉张盆地,并非拉分盆地,郯庐古近纪断裂动力学是拉张而非拉分构造应力场。古近纪构造层在拉张翘倾运动中叠加了右旋走滑地质应力,这种右旋走滑应力是太平洋板块向西俯冲至欧亚板块之下的结果。中生代郯庐断裂的动力学表现为库拉板块向北俯冲至欧亚板块之下形成的左旋平移现象。郯庐断裂NE向平移走滑与北西向隐蔽断裂的相交处是发生破坏性地震的构造部位,因此,应特别重视对高丽营北东向生长断层与渤中-孙河-南口北西向隐蔽断层相交处地震动向的监控。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.