Review of Anobothrus (Polychaeta: Ampharetidae) from China

We reviewed ampharetid genus Anobothrus Levinsen, 1884 in China seas based upon material deposited in the Marine Biological Museum of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Qingdao). The genus includes A. glandularis (Hartmann-Schröder, 1965), A. gracilis (Malmgren, 1866), A. mironovi Jirkov, 2008 and A. nataliae (Jirkov, 2008). A. glandularis and A. mironovi are recorded for the first time in Chinese waters. A key to Chinese species of Anobothrus is given.     

Brachiopods from China seas

A collection of brachiopods by the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica (Qingdao), contains eight species from seven genera. Six of the species have been recorded previously from China seas—Lingula adamsi, L. anatina, Discinisca stella, Pelagodiscus atlanticus, Campages mariae, Terebratalia coreanica. Two species (Terebratulina hataiana andFrenulina sanguinolenta) have been described from other parts of the Pacific area. The apparent absence of any endemic species is a noteworthy feature of Chinese in comparison with Japanese faunas.     

Petrography and Mineral Chemistry of 4 Carbonaceous Chondrites from the Grove Mountains, Antarctica

Petrography and mineral chemistry of four carbonaceous chondrites (GRV 020017, GRV 020025, GRV 021579, GRV 022459) collected from the Grove Mountains (GRV), Antarctica, were reported here. All four chondrites are unequilibrated, as indicated by well shaped chondrules and the chemical variations of olivine and low-Ca pyroxene. The modal abundance ratio of matrix/chondrule are 2(GRV 020017), 2.8(GRV 020025), 1.2(GRV 021579), 1(GRV 022459). GRV 022459 has the largest chondrules(0.6-2.0mm). A total of 30 Ca-Al-rich inclusions were found in the four meteorites. Most inclusions were highly altered, with abundant phyllosilicates in the inclusions of GRV 020017 and GRV 020025. On the base of petrography and mineral chemistry, these chondrites are classified as CM2 (GRV 020017 and 020025), CO3 (GRV 021579) and CV3 (GRV 022459).     

Two new species of the genusAmphilimna (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from southern China

Two new species of the ophiuriod genusAmphilimna from 280 m depth water east of Hainan Island are described.A. sinica sp. nov. shows affinities withA. transacta (Koehler), andA. granulosa is related toA. cribriformis A. M. Clark. Contribution No. 1432 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.     

一种以FCD模型从SPOT影像提取植被覆盖率的方法

论及以FCD模型原理提取植被覆盖率的方法;同时,针对SPOT影像的波段特征,重新构造了相关指数:植被指数(VI)、裸土指数(BI)和阴影指数(SI),并在ERDAS软件系统上对该方法进行了实验。然后,通过野外实地考察,应用 GPS、数码相机等进行实地采点,并对该方法得出的结果进行了验证。结果表明,总体精度达到了80％以上,说明该方法具有较高的提取精度,能满足大中尺度的植被覆盖率调查要求。     

Isoenzymes and soluble protein in Arthrospirafrom alkaline lakes in Erdos Plateau, China and in exotic species

1 INTRODUCTION Since isoenzyme was first named by Markert and M?ller in 1957 (Hu and Wan, 1985), the separa- tion of isoenzyme has been rapidly developed. Isoenzymes is an important tool for studying life in molecule level. Isoenzymes are transcribed by g…     

Gel microbead cultivation with a subenrichment procedure can yield better bacterial cultivability from a seawater sample than standard plating method

A gel microbead (GMD) cultivation method was employed to cultivate microorganisms from an amphioxus breeding zone in Qingdao, P. R. China. The culture results were compared with those by standard plating method. In the GMD-based method, the microcolony-forming GMDs were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). To further get pure cultures, a subsequent enrichment culture and a streaking purification procedure were conducted on marine R2A medium. Eighty bacterial strains isolated by the GMD-based method were randomly selected for sequencing. These isolates belonged to Alphaproteobacteria (33%), Gammaproteobacteria (44%), Bacteroidetes (11%), Actinobacteria (5%), Firmicutes (5%), Epsilonproteobacteria (1%), and Verrucomicrobia (1%), the last two groups being usually difficult to culture. The 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a diverse community with 91.1%-100% of the bacterial rRNAs similarities. Thirteen strains were sharing 16S rRNA gene sequence which was less than 97% similar to any other rRNA genes currently deposited in TYP16S database. Seventy isolates derived from the standard plating method fell into 4 different taxonomic groups: Alphaproteobacteria (9%), Gammaproteobacteria (81%), Bacteroidetes (7%) and Firmicutes (3%) with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between 95.8%-100%, in which only 3 strains were sharing 16S rRNA gene sequence of less than 97%. The results indicated that the GMD-based method with subenrichment culture yielded more taxonomic groups and more novel microbial strains, including members of previously rarely cultured groups, when compared with the standard plating method, and that this method markedly improved the bacterial cultivability.     

扁舵鲣抗氧化肽分离纯化及结构鉴定

【目的】从扁舵鲣(Auxis thazard)的木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物中分离鉴定具有较高1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除率的抗氧化肽。【方法】用木瓜蛋白酶水解扁舵鲣,以DPPH自由基清除能力为检测指标,通过超滤、凝胶过滤层析和反向高效液相色谱分离抗氧化肽,再经过超高效液相/三重四级杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC/Xevo G2-XS QTOF)进行结构鉴定。【结果】从酶解产物中获得3种抗氧化肽,其氨基酸序列分别为β-丙氨酸-1-甲基-L-组氨酸(241 u)、Gly-Ala-Gly-Gly-Pro(357 u)和Val-Glu(246 u)。【结论】扁舵鲣的木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物含有抗氧化活性的肽类,可为其抗氧化肽的开发提供理论依据。     

A new radiolarian species Clathrocorys gracilis from northern South China Sea

A new species, Clathrocorys gracilis nov. spec., of Tripocyrtidae （Radiolarians： Nassellaria） from surface water in northern South China Sea, is described in this paper. The new species has four radial beams arising from the cephalic base centre, each foot with cup-shaped structure and ramified bar in the proximal section （near cephalic base）, and each wing with a large mesh in the middle, a medium mesh and a small mesh on each side respectively.     

Isolation and Neuroprotective Activity of Phenolic Derivatives from the Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium janthinellum

A new phenolic compound, 6-(2-acetyl-3,5-dihydroxybenzyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one(1), along with other six known phenolic derivatives(2-7), were isolated from the mangrove rhizosphere fungus Penicillium janthinellum HK1-6 cultured in potato dextrose broth medium containing 30 g L~(-1) of natural sea salt. The structure of the new compound(1) was elucidated by comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D NMR spectra. The proposed biosynthetic pathway of compound 1 was also studied in this research. Interestingly, a brominated phenolic derivative, aryl bromide(compound 8), was obtained from this fungal strain cultured in medium containing 30 g L~(-1) of NaBr instead of natural sea salt. Compound 8 is proposed as a new natural product and formed through bromination of compound 7 when the fungus was cultured with NaBr. The neuroprotective effect of compound 1 on oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD)-induced injury was investigated in rat spinal cord astrocytes. MTT assay demonstrated that compound 1 can attenuate OGD-induced cell viability loss in rat spinal cord astrocytes.     

Isolation of novel psychrophilic bacteria from Arctic sea ice

The phylogenetic diversity of cuhurable psychrophilic bacteria associated with sea ice from the high latitude regions of Canadian Basin and Chukchi Sea, Arctic, was investigated. A total of 34 psychropilic strains were isolated using three methods of （ Ⅰ ） dilution plating （ at 4 ℃ ）, （ Ⅱ ） bath culturing （ at - 1 ℃ ） and dilution plating, and （ Ⅲ） cold shock （ -20 ℃ for 24 h）, bath culturing and dilution plating under aerobic conditions. Sea-ice samples were exposed to -20 ℃ for 24 h that might reduce the number of common microorganisms and encourage outgrowth of psyehrophilic strains. This process might be able to be introduced to isolation psychrophilic bacteria from other environmental samples in future study. 16S rDNA nearly full-length sequence analysis revealed that psychrophilic strains felled in two phylo- genetic divisions, γ-proteobacteria （in the genera ColweUia,Marinobaeter、Shewanella,Glaciecola,Marinomortas and Pseudoalteromortas ） and Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Baeteroides （ Flavobacterlum and Psyehroflexus）. Fifteen of bacterial isolates quite likely represented novel species （16S rDNA sequence similarity below 98% ）. One of strains （BSi20002） from Canadian Basin showed 100% sequence similarity to that of Marinobacter sp. ANT8277 isolated from the Antarctic Weddell sea ice, suggesting bacteria may have a bipolar distribution at the species level.     

Cloning and characterization of a delta-6 desaturase encoding gene from Nannochloropsis oculata

A gene(NANOC-D6D) encoding a desaturase that removes two hydrogen atoms from fatty acids at delta 6 position was isolated from a cDNA library of Nannochloropsis oculata(Droop) D.J.Hibberd(Eustigmatophyceae).The unicellular marine microalga N.oculata synthesizes rich long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(LCPUFAs),including eicosapentaenoic acid(20:5n-3,EPA).The deduced protein contains 474 amino acids that fold into 4 trans-membrane domains.The neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree indicates that NANOC-D6D is ...     

Extraction of astaxanthin from Euphausia pacific using subcritical 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane

Euphausia pacific is an important source of natural astaxanthin.Studies were carried out to assess the extractability of astaxanthin from E.pacific using subcritical 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane(R134a).To examine the effects of multiple process variables on the extraction yield,astaxanthin was extracted under various conditions of pressure(30-150 bar),temperature(303-343 K),time(10-50 min),flow rate(2-10 g min-1),moisture content(5.5%-63.61%),and particle size(0.25-0.109 mm).The results showed that the extraction yield increased with temperature,pressure,time and flow rate,but decreased with moisture content and particle size.A maximum yield of 87.74% was obtained under conditions of 100 bar,333 K,and 30 min with a flow rate of 6 g min-1 and a moisture content of 5.5%.The substantial astaxanthin yield obtained under low-pressure conditions demonstrates that subcritical R134a is a good alternative to CO 2 for extraction of astaxanthin from E.pacific.     

A new radiolarian species Clathrocorys gracilis from northern South China Sea

A new species,Clathrocorys gracilis nov. spec. of Tripocyrtidae (Radiolarians: Nassellaria) from surface water in northern South China Sea, is described in this paper. The new species has four radial beams arising from the cephalic base centre, each foot with cup-shaped structure and ramified bar in the proximal section (near cephalic base), and each wing with a large mesh in the middle, a medium mesh and a small mesh on each side respectively. Project supported by the NSFC (No. 40276044) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KSCX2-SW-101B).     

基于决策融合的SPOT-6影像土地覆被分类研究

多分类器决策融合方法在提高遥感影像分类的准确性和可靠性方面已表现出了巨大潜力,但这一过程中对所有像元多次分类会产生巨大的时间代价,为改善这一问题,本文提出了主分类器的概念。在青海湟水流域确定2个试验区,对7种常用的分类器进行评估,排除精度较低的3种分类器后,选择支持向量机（Support Vector Machine, SVM）、多层感知机（Multilayer Perceptron, MLP）、随机森林（Random Forest, RF）和梯度提升树（Gradient Boosting Decision Tree, GBDT）4种不同的分类器,建立决策规则共同对SPOT-6影像分类。为提高分类效率,以精度最高的GBDT作为主分类器对影像分类后,仅对结果中可信度不高的像元使用多分类器共同决策。研究结果表明,2个区域内主分类器独立完成分类的像元分别占38.10%和65.26%,错分率为1.57%和2.18%;多分类器共同决策的区域,相比GBDT的分类结果,总体精度分别高出2.49%和3.66%。整体上看,决策融合使2个区域的总体分类精度分别提高了1.18%和1.09%,能够有效减少分类结果中的“椒盐噪声”,精度更加均衡。相比现有的决策融合方法,主分类器的使用在保证分类精度的同时有利于分类效率的提高及分类结果保持良好的一致性。     

Fresh snow chemistry from high mountain regions in central himalayas

Investigations of atmospheric composition in the Himalayas has been limited in both temporal and spatial scales, mainly due to difficult logistics. Ideal sites for monitoring atmospheric composition and its evolution should be free from local pollution and representative of the remote troposphere (HUEBERT et al., 1980). As the Himalayas are far removed from highly industrialized regions they provide suitable locations to monitor the chemistry of the remote troposphere and to study the evolu…     

冲绳日本绒螯蟹线粒体DNA 12S rRNA序列的研究

采集日本冲绳源河川和边野古川的日本绒螯蟹样品 ,参考果蝇与蚤状氵蚤线粒体 DNA12 Sr RNA基因片段序列进行了其相同片段的引物设计、PCR扩增及序列测定。结果表明冲绳两河川 4只日本绒螯蟹的碱基序列完全相同 ,为 4 58bp,其 A、T、G、C含量分别为 16 0 bp(34.94 % )、 179bp(39.0 8% )、4 9bp(10 .70 % )、70 bp(15.2 8% ) ,同果蝇与蚤状氵蚤相同基因片段的序列含量相似。     

Two new records of Pyramidellidae (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia) from China seas

This paper reports two species of the family Pyramidellidae (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia), Otopleura nitida (A. Adams, 1854) and Rugadentia manzakiana (Yokoyama, 1922). The former was from the South China Sea and the latter was from the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The study was based on the collections deposited in the Marine Biological Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This is for the first time that these species have been recorded in China seas. In the current contribution, we describe and illustrate these two species, and compare them with similar species.