海底散射模型对浅海混响的影响研究

对于混响预报,散射强度是一个相当重要的物理量。在波束位移射线简正波理论的基础上推导了浅海混响模型,仿真比较了负跃层浅海情况四种海底散射模型对应的混响衰减曲线,结果表明海底散射模型对浅海混响的影响较为显著。     

海底沉积物声速-压力特性测试系统的设计与实验

文中设计基于可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)的测控平台、伺服加压控制、步进推动控制、多传感器测量、触摸屏交互等功能的温压可控声学测量系统,实现海底沉积物样品的孔隙水自动可控加压,通过声学测量功能单元测量海底沉积物在各个压力下的声速,模拟海底沉积物处于大陆坡2 000 m以浅海底表层任何深度变化时的声学特性测量,得到海底沉积物声速-压力特性,为校正实验室测量数据还原到海底原位测量数据提供一种方法。     

辽东湾北部浅海区海洋工程地质特征

通过对浅地层剖面仪、侧扫声纳和海底取样等实测资料的详细分析,揭示了辽东湾北部浅海区的自然地质状况和复杂的海洋工程地质特征。该海区海底地形地貌较为复杂,存在海底冲刷深槽、埋藏古河道、浅层气、潮流沙脊与潮沟、埋藏古陡坡、软弱土层及可能的砂土液化层等潜在灾害地质因素,对海上构筑物存在直接或潜在的危险性,应引起高度重视。     

高速射弹小角度入水弹道特性分析

为了研究高速射弹小角度入水空泡发展与弹道特性,开展了入水角度为20°时的高速入水试验研究。高速射弹由空气炮加速获得入水初速,利用高速摄像实现对入水空泡形态的记录,由内测单元记录射弹入水过程的运动参数。试验发现入水初期形成了光滑透明的空泡,射弹以超空泡状态近直线弹道运动;由于横滚角速度和俯仰角速度的存在,射弹入水后形成了尾拍+旋转滑水耦合运动特征。基于VOF多相流模型和空化模型,结合动网格技术,对试验工况进行数值仿真。结果表明：仿真获得的空泡形态、弹道特性与试验结果吻合度高,该方法可有效预报入水弹道。     

A Pull-Up Shallow Water Seismometer

An inexpensive Pull-Up Shallow Water Seismometer (PUSS) has been designed and built to conduct long range seismic refraction experiments in the North Sea and the continental shelf around Britain, with the particular goal of studying the crustal and lithospheric structure under the epeirogenic basin of the North Sea. Signals from a gimbal-mounted 3-component geophone and a hydrophone are frequency modulated and mixed with clock and flutter correction signals before being recorded on a standard speed cassette tape recorder, with one hour of recording time. A 100 hour programmable timer allows the interval between the time of reset of the clock and each shot window of optional 5 or 10 min duration, to be preselected. The PUSS is launched and recovered using a pull-up technique originally developed for current meters. The replay system is also described.In May 1976 sea trials of 5 PUSSes were conducted along a 200 km refraction line in the North Sea. The encouraging performance of the equipment resulted in the decision to build a further 10 units and to proceed with a 400 km refraction line planned for the summer of 1977.     

The Nonlinear Wave Force on a Circular Cylinder in Shallow Water

Based on the 1st order cnoidal wave theory, the nonlinear wave diffraction around a circular cylinder in shallow water is studied in this paper. The equation of the wave surface around the cylinder is formulated and by using this formula the wave surface elevation on the cylinder surface can be obtained. In this paper, the formula for calculating the cnoidal wave force on a circular cylinder is also derived. For the wave conditions which are often encountered in practical engineering designs, the ratios of the nonlinear wave forces to the linear wave forces are calculated, and the results are plotted in this paper for design purposes. In order to verify the theoretical results, model tests are conducted. After comparing the test results with the theoretical ones, it is concluded that, in shallow water, for the case of T g / d~(1/2) > 8-10 and H / d > 0.3, the cnoidal wave theory should be used to calculate the wave action on a cylindrical pier.     

均匀层浅海声场与海底反射损失的关系

海底对浅海声传播的影响很大。海底有复杂的多层结构。在计算声场时如果把多层海底的影响都考虑进去,就会使计算复杂化,得不出一个清晰的物理图象。因此,在计算中往往使用海底反射损失系数来代替多层海底的模型。但海底反射损失与角度有复杂的依赖关系。为了计算方便,提出过不少简化模型。已经使用的模型有反射损失与角度无关、与角度一次方成正比;后来又提出反射损失在某一临界角之下与角度一次方成正比,在临界角之上与角度无关的三参数模型,克服了远场与近场衔接的问题[1,2]。但这些模型不一定在所有情况下都能反映海底反射损失与角度的关系的主要特征。本文提出一个近似方法,可以计算海底反射损失按任意规律随角度单调上升的情况下的声场。     

浅水多波束系统及其最新技术发展

针对目前国际上8家公司生产的16种新型浅水多波束系统的技术指标,对它们的技术性能,包括采用的波束形成方法、频率范围、测深量程、深度分辨率、最大测幅、单位时间（s）内的采样次数、波束宽度、侧扫功能、测深精度、测量航速、声线弯曲改正、姿态传感器及设备寿命等给予了评价,并展望了浅水多波束技术的发展前景.     

高分六号遥感影像水深反演能力评价

水深是重要的海洋要素,水深遥感反演是获取浅水水深的重要手段。当前水深遥感反 演应用以国外卫星数据为主,国产卫星数据的研究和应用较少。本文针对国产高分六号卫星 （GF-6） 数据,以三亚南山港为研究区域,分别建立单波段回归模型、双波段比值模型、多波段 回归模型,进行多光谱影像的水深反演能力研究,并与国外主流哨兵2 号卫星（Sentinel-2） 数 据进行实验比较。实验结果表明：GF-6 遥感影像具有较好的浅水水深反演能力和一定的反演精度,各波段水深探测能力依次为：绿波段跃蓝波段跃红波段跃近红外波段,反演方法效果依次为：多波段模型跃双波段模型跃单波段模型。相较于Sentinel-2 数据,GF-6 数据水深反演精度与其一致,这表明GF-6 影像具备替代国外遥感数据进行水深反演的能力和大规模应用的潜力。本文针对GF-6 影像水深反演能力的研究方法和分析,结果将为国产高分系列卫星数据的水深反演研究和应用提供有益的参考。     

Transformation of Wave Energy Spectrum in Shallow Water

- Combined with irregular wave-maker, the growing process of Wave Energy Spectrum in shallow water can be studied in wind wave channel on different water depth conditions, and its transformation characteristics and rules can be obtained.     

A Model of Wave Spectrum in Shallow Water

By using the shallow water wave data continuously recorded in the Bohai Sea, Huanghai Sea, East China sea and South China Sea. a model of wave spectrum in shallow water is developed with three parameters—average wave height, average period and relative depth—on the basis of the principle of the spectrum pattern simularity and the method of parameterization. The magnitude of frequency index in the high frequency     

Nonlinear Effect of Wave Propagation in Shallow Water

—In this paper,a nonlinear model is presented to describe wave transformation in shallow wat-er with the zero-vorticity equation of wave-number vector and energy conservation equation.Thenonlinear effect due to an empirical dispersion relation(by Hedges)is compared with that of Dalrymple＇sdispersion relation.The model is tested against the laboratory measurements for the case of a submergedelliptical shoal on a slope beach,where both refraction and diffraction are significant.The computation re-sults,compared with those obtained through linear dispersion relation.show that the nonlinear effect ofwave transformation in shallow water is important.And the empirical dispersion relation is suitable for re-searching the nonlinearity of wave in shallow water.