地质遗迹分类学及其应用

地质遗迹是地质作用过程中形成的地质现象, 是最重要、最珍贵的自然遗产。地质遗迹研究是探索地球演化进程和方向的主要内容, 其价值不可限量。在地质公园工作推进过程中, 开展地质遗迹科学意义的评估。对地质遗迹进行科学分类, 是地质公园设计和建设, 科学研究和普及的重要基础。显而易见, 随地质遗迹区域调查和保护规划的广泛开展, 以往地质遗迹分类已难以满足地质公园快速发展的需求, 以系统地球科学为指导的地质学科分类为基础的地质遗迹分类学也就应运而生了。     

地质遗迹、地质公园、旅游地质学的概念

地质遗迹（）是指在地球演化的漫长地质历史时期由于内外动力地质作Geological Relics用，形成发展并遗留下来的不可再生的地质自然遗产。重要的地质遗迹是全人类的宝贵财富，是生态环境的重要组成部分。我国是世界上地质遗迹资源比较丰富，分布地域广阔、种类齐全的少数国家之一。地质公园（）是以具有特殊科学意义、稀有性和美学观赏价值的地质遗迹为主Geopark体，并融合其他自然景观、人文景观组合而成的一个特殊地区。是以保护地质遗迹、开展科学旅游、普及地球科学知识、促进地方经济、文化和自然环境的可持续发展为宗旨而建立的一种…     

中国地质遗迹资源保护

在地球形成与演化过程中,由于内外动力共同作用形成了众多具有科学价值和观赏价值的地质遗迹。地质遗迹是地质环境的重要组成部分,因此对于地质遗迹的保护也是自然环境保护的重要部分。中国地质遗迹资源丰富,主要有地层剖面、构造剖面以及古生物化石等。本文系统总结我国地质遗迹分布现状、地质遗迹调查工作进展情况和遗迹保护现状,分析了我国地质遗迹保护工作中存在的主要问题,提出了地质遗迹资源保护与开发利用建议。     

地质遗迹监测：守住518处“人类记忆”

大自然上亿年的沧海桑田留下了数不清的珍贵的地质遗迹,被形象地称为＂人类的记忆＂。地质遗迹是地球演变过程中留下的生物和非生物痕迹,记载着地球沧海桑田的变换。此外,它还是推断与论证地质事件的有力佐证,是寻找与断定矿产资源踪迹的脉搏,是勘验与追寻生命起源的线索,具有极高的科学价值。     

陕西省汉中黎坪省级地质公园地质遗迹特性评价

地质遗迹资源评价是地质遗迹资源保护和开发利用的前提,是地球科学与资源研究领域的重要研究内容和方向之一。作者依据国家有关规范要求,针对陕西省汉中黎坪省级地质公园的三大类地质遗迹进行了评价。研究表明,汉中黎坪地质遗迹资源具有类型丰富、价值高、观赏性强的总体特征,并从典型性、稀有性、自然性、科学性和观赏性五个方面对宝塔灰岩网纹状构造地质遗迹、中华震旦角石等古生物化石地质遗迹、以及石脊地貌地质遗迹等进行了分析。研究结果为地质遗迹资源进一步保护与利用提供了依据,为地质公园的保护和开发利用提供了支撑。     

首批国家地质公园的建立——地球科学服务社会的新尝试

1995年国际地球科学联合会在联合国教科文组织支持下,开始推进编录全球地质遗迹名录的工作(Winbledon et.al.,1998)。与各国地质学家一样,中国地学界十分重视地质遗迹的保护。 广泛的地质资源调查,可以选择出一些国家级或区域级别的地质遗产地(Geosites,Geological heritage或Geotope)提     

地质公园及建立地质公园的意义

地质公园(Geopark)是以具有特殊地质科学意义及较高的美学价值的地质遗迹为主体,并融合其它自然景观与人文景观而构成的一种独特的自然区域。地质遗迹是指地质时期由于内、外动力的地质作用,形成具有典型特征的地质现象或地貌景观,它是不可再生的自然遗产。重要的地质遗迹是宝贵的自然资源,是人类的财富,是自然生态环境的重要组成部分。为了更好的保护地质遗迹、爱护我们的生存的家园———地球,1991年6月13日在法国迪涅召开的“第一届国际地质遗产保护学术会议”上,来自30多个国家的10 0多位代表共同签发了《国际地球记录保护宣言》,该宣…     

景观丰富度在地质遗迹评价中的应用

<正>地质遗迹是在地球漫长演化的地质历史时期,由各种内外动力的地质作用形成、发展并保存下来的珍贵的不可再生的地质自然遗产。随着我国地质公园建设的不断深入,对地质遗迹进行科学的评价,成为申报国家或世界地质公园的首要前提,也是地质公园建设中亟需解决的问题。目前,对地质遗迹的评价既包括地质遗迹的资源要素及自身价值,也包括对资源开发的利用条件。而地质遗迹的资源要素及自身价值作为地质公园建设和地质遗迹保护的核心,如何单纯评价地质遗迹的本身价值,需要建立怎样的评价标准,     

欧洲地质公园的基本特征及其地学基础

在联合国教科文组织和欧盟的支持下，欧洲地质公园建立起来了，含10个成员。各个地质公园有不同的地质科学意义，完全取决于所在地区的地质构造演化历史。欧洲地质构造分区对该区地质遗迹类型、分布和组合有明显的控制作用。在地质公园的调查、评价、规划、建设过程中，地球科学的支撑是极其重要的。     

洛川黄土国家地质公园与当地经济互动发展初探

地质遗迹作为一种具有珍贵地质科学价值和独特造景功能的自然遗产，随着社会经济的发展，其保护与利用之间的矛盾已日益突出。同样，以地质遗迹资源为核心的地质公园也面临着如何协调地质遗迹保护与公园建设之间的矛盾。从以往经验来看，在保护好地质遗迹资源的前提下进行地质公园建设的保护性利用模式是一种有效的解决措施。为此，本文选择黄土国家地质公园作为研究对象，从地质公园建设与当地经济互动发展角度出发，探讨如何进行地质遗迹的保护性利用，从而达到有效保护地质遗迹资源的最终目的。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861