浅析锡铁山铅锌矿成矿规律及找矿方向

文章对锡铁山铅锌矿床的地质背景、矿带划分、矿体特征、时间分布、共生组合规律和成矿物质来源进行了归纳总结,分析认为锡铁山矿床类型为喷流沉积(SEDEX)——改造型,并在成矿规律分析、物化异常特征的基础上建立了矿床成矿模式,为下一步找矿勘查工作提供了一定的指导.     

锡铁山铅锌矿床深部矿体形态变化及找矿前景

锡铁山铅锌矿床深部生产勘探发现,3062米中段以下矿体比地质勘探时控制的形态复杂,普遍向北东位移。在无矿段和深部发现品位较富的盲矿体,使矿石储量增加73.73％,铅锌品位分别提高60.9％和7.49％。依矿体与大理岩之关系,矿体分为四种类型,赋存于大理岩中的矿体为主矿体。矿床具分带性,为海相火山喷流沉积——变质改造叠加型的块状硫化物矿床。     

浅析青海省祁连县草大坂菱镁矿床成矿地质特征及找矿标志

青海祁连县草大坂菱镁矿床距祁连县城南东。大地构造位置属秦祁昆造山系(Ⅳ)北祁连弧盆系(Ⅳ-1)北祁连蛇绿混杂岩带,成矿主要与草大坂超基性岩体变质成矿作用有关。在古元古代-中寒武世大陆裂谷阶段,形成双峰式火山—沉积岩系,并伴随有超基性岩体顺层侵入,故成矿时代应属加里东早期。成矿地质构造环境为大陆裂谷大洋盆地环境。矿体赋存于草大坂超基性岩体(群)蛇纹石化斜辉辉橄岩及绿泥滑石片岩。     

Characteristics and sources of ore-forming fluids of South Narimalahei copper polymetallic deposit in East Kunlun,Qinghai

The South Narimalahei area is located on the north side of the Middle Kunlun fault in the eastern section of the East Kunlun composite orogenic belt. The ore body is veined and controlled by structures and se-condary fissures, which occurs in the structural alteration fracture zone in the Late Triassic granodiorite. In this deposit, copper mineralization is closely related to silicification and sericification. The formation process of the deposit includes hydrothermal mineralization and supergene oxidation. In this paper, the fluid inclusion minera-logy, microscopic temperature measurement and stable isotope studies have been carried out for ore of the main mineralization stage. The results show that the primary gas-liquid two-phase inclusions and a small amount of single-liquid inclusions are mainly developed in the quartz in the main mineralization stage. The results of microscopic temperature measurement show that the ore-forming fluid which has low temperature(151.7℃--205.8℃), low salinity(2.06 wt%--4.94 wt%NaCl), low density(0.86--0.92 g/cm~3) and shallow formation(1.5--3.0 km) is a hydrothermal solution of NaCl-H_2O system. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope results show that the ore-forming fluids mainly come from atmospheric precipitation, with a small amount of magmatic fluids participating. It is preliminarily determined that the South Narimalahei copper polymetallic deposit is a low-temperature hydrothermal vein deposit.     

Ore-forming fluid characteristics and genesis of vein-type lead-zinc mineralization of Xiaohongshilazi deposit,Jilin Province,China

The Xiaohongshilazi mineral deposit in Jilin Province,China,is located in the accretion zone in the northern margin of the North China Block. The deposit contains two types of ore bodies: layered Pb-Zn ore bodies in volcanic rock and vein-hosted Pb-Zn ore bodies controlled by fractures. The vein Pb-Zn ore bodies are strictly controlled by tectonic fracture zones trending in S-N direction,which comprise sulfide veins or sulfidebearing quartz veins distributed along faults or structural fissures. The ores mainly appear mesh-vein and vein structures,and also show solid-solution separation and metasomatic textures. The metal minerals are mainly sphalerite,galena,and pyrite,etc. Wall-rock alteration includes mainly sericitization,chloritization,silicification and carbonatization,etc. Microscope observations and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate that the oreforming fluid of the vein Pb-Zn ore bodies was mainly magmatic water with low temperature,low salinity,and a shallow depth of metallogenesis( ~ 1.5 km). Sulfur and lead isotope analyses indicate that the sulfide source is mainly formation sulfur or biogenic sulfur,which is similar to the sulfur source of hydrothermal deposit( negative( δ~(34) S values),while the main Pb source was the upper crust with some mantle input. This article argues that the vein Pb-Zn ore body of the Xiaohongshilazi deposit is a low-to medium-temperature hydrothermal vein type related to the formation of a shallow magma chamber.     

青海省石灰沟地区水系沉积物测量地球化学特征及找矿预测

通过在青海省都兰县石灰沟地区开展的1:50 000水系沉积物测量工作，运用元素的变化系数、元素富集离散特征、叠加系数对石灰沟地区水系沉积物测量的10种微量元素进行地球化学统计分析，论述了10种微量元素的成矿潜力，得出Au、Cu、Pb、Zn这4种微量元素具有较大的成矿潜力，并通过相关分析、因子分析确立了测区内元素组合特征，共划分了3组成矿元素组合（Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn，Au-As-Sb，W-Bi-Hg）。通过衬值异常法圈定组合异常显示:研究区组合异常明显，异常套合较好。最后，根据组合衬值异常套合结果，在研究区优选了3处金铜铅锌多金属找矿靶区（A，B，C）。      

Study on fluid inclusions and features of ore-forming fluids of Diakha gold deposit,Mali, West Africa

The Diakha gold deposit is located in the southeastern margin of the highly prospective/productive Paleoproterozoic( Birimian) Kédougou-Kéniéba Inlier. Gold mineralization is closely associated with a narrow,sub-vertical,NE-trending shear corridor. The corridor is to the east of a sinistrally reactivated D1 west-dipping fault,which emanated from SMSZ( D2 reverse-sinistral regional structure). The mineralization is hosted by fine-grained sandstone and breccias units associated with a moderate to strong hydrothermal alteration,which is dominated by albitization,carbonization,silicification,hematization,and chloritization. Diakha field data and laboratory analysis suggest the existence of two main stages of hydrothermal mineralization,namely stage I and stage II. Stage I is of a breccias type of mineralization and represents the major gold bearing stage. It isassociated with hematite + calcite + ankerite/dolomite and quartz pervasive alteration,controlled by the predominantly brittle-ductile NNE to NE-shearing structures of the main deformation event D2. Stage II is represented by the second minor hydrothermal episode,showing local quartz-tourmaline and tremolite alteration which is structurally controlled by the dipping S3 cleavage formed during D3 deformation. Petrographic and microthermometric studies of fluid inclusions from quartz veins reveal the presence of early dominant carbonic CO2-pure and aqueous-carbonic CO2-rich( LCO2+ VCO2± H2 O) in stage I. The exclusively aqueous H2 O + Na Cl ± CO2 fluid inclusions( L-type) are observed in stage II. Interpretation shows that the ore-forming fluids originated from a homogeneous H2 O-CO2 fluid during phase separation,with trapping temperatures of 250℃ to 280℃ and low salinity( 6 wt % Na Cl equiv),indicating an estimated trapping pressure for the deposit between 610 to 800 bars.     

LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of rhyolitic lithic-crystal tuffs in Erdaohezi lead-zinc deposit,Inner Mongolia

Erdaohezi lead-zinc deposit belongs to the Derbugan metallogenic belt lying on the northwestern Hailaer-Genhe Mesozoic volcanic basin,located on the western slope of the Da Hinggan Mountains. The deposit is considered as one of the hypabyssal low-temprature hydrothermal lead-zinc deposits associated with volcanism. In order to lay the foundation on studying its diagenesis and mineralization ages,the detailed studies were carried out by dating the host rocks( i. e. rhyolitic lithic-crystal tuffs) using zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb method.The dating results show three groups of ages. The first group is the captured zircons( the weighted mean ~(206)Pb /~(238) U age as 175. 6 ± 2. 3 Ma,MSWD = 0. 70,n = 3). The second group can be regarded as the rockforming age( the weighted mean ~(206)Pb /~(238) U age as 165. 3 ± 1. 9 Ma,MSWD = 2. 40,n = 14). The third group should represent the late stage of the magmatic evolution( the weighted mean ~(206)Pb /~(238) U age as 161. 0 ± 3. 1Ma,MSWD = 0. 86,n = 4). According to the ages and the crystal form or CL image characteristics of zircons,it is determined that the diagenesis occurred in the late Middle Jurassic. Based on the regional geology and geochronological research,the acidic pyroclastic rocks are space accompaniment and time connection with the Tamulangou Formation intermediate-mafic volcanic rocks. Both of them constitute the host rocks of the deposit together. The rock combination also provides favorable conditions for large-scale silver,lead and zinc mineralization in this area.     

Isotopic tracing of ore-forming source materials for Dexing porphyry copper deposit of Jiangxi, China

Dexing copper deposit is the biggest porphyry copper deposit in China. By researching isotopes of C, Si and Cu from the samples of Tongchang and Fujiawu ore-field, the authors found that δ^13 CpDB values of siderite were close to the δ^13 CpDB value of original magma; δ^30Si values of the samples at the ore-forming stage were close to the δ^30 Si value range of magma, δ^30Si values of partial samples were far away from it; Cu isotopic compositions of massive chalcopyrite formed at the early ore-forming stage are higher than that of veinal chalcopyrite formed at the later ore-forming stage. The results show that ore-forming materials were mainly derived from the porphyry body, and part of them were from wall rock materials.     

Isotopic tracing of ore-forming source materials for Dexing porphyry copper deposit of Jiangxi, China

Dexing copper deposit is the biggest porphyry copper deposit in China. By researching isotopes of C,Si and Cu from the samples of Tongchang and Fujiawu ore-field, the authors found that δ13CPDB values of siderite were close to the δ13CPDB value of original magma; δ30Si values of the samples at the ore-forming stage were close to the δ30Si value range of magma, δ30Si values of partial samples were far away from it; Cu isotopic compositions of massive chalcopyrite formed at the early ore-forming stage are higher than that of veinal chalcopyrite formed at the later ore-forming stage. The results show that ore-forming materials were mainly derived from the porphyry body, and part of them were from wall rock materials.     

Ore-controlling effect of structure and distribution of deep rock mass on Pb-Zn deposit in Qingchengzi ore concentration area,Liaoning

Qingchengzi ore concentration area in Liao-Ji rift is an important lead-zinc ore area of China,and the deep prospecting in this area has great prospects.Based on the spatial occurrence of ore bodies the Pb-Zn deposit can be divided into three types:layered,vein-shaped and pinnate.The deep geological conditions in this area are deduced by analyzing the tectonic evolution process and rock mass gravity inversion.The tectonic evolution of Liao-Ji rift can be divided into three stages:Paleoproterozoic extension period,Mesoproterozoic compression period and Mesozoic reactivation period.The magmatic activities in the Indosinian epoch led to the distribution pattern of the present deposits.According to the gravity inversion,Shuangdinggou-and Xinling rock masses on the north and south sides of the mining area are connected in the deep.The connected rock body might be distributed in the entire mining area.Xinling rock mass may be a branch extending from Shuangdinggou rock mass along the northeast trending fault,the connected rocks provide magmatic hydrothermal fluid for the final,folds and faults result in different types of ore body shapes.     

河南板厂铜钼多金属矿床钻孔原生晕地球化学特征及找矿预测

板厂铜钼多金属矿区处于秦岭造山带东段的北秦岭褶皱带内,位于区域深大断裂朱阳关—夏馆断裂带中段,为河南省发现的第一个大型铜矿床。为增储开展了预查、普查工作,先后投入2.36万m的钻探工作量,将板厂铜矿带的找矿深度延伸了近千米,主矿体最大厚度达285.95 m。通过系统采集板厂铜钼多金属矿床220～76勘探线共23个钻孔的岩矿样品,初步分析了矿床原生晕的分布特征,重点对施工钻孔最多的172勘探线开展了典型构造流体运移通道的解剖研究,印证流体运移成矿具有前铜后钼的分带特征,并采用格里戈良分带指数方法建立了矿区原生晕垂向分带序列为Sb-As-Pb-Bi-Zn-Ag-Sn-Cu-W-Au-Mo,总结了矿床异常元素的分带规律,结合172勘探线矿体空间展布情况,进一步建立4个分带指数作为评价隐伏矿体空间位置的指标,为深部找矿预测提供了地球化学依据。在172典型勘探线研究的基础上,全区钻孔原生晕并结合CSAMT剖面地球物理特征进行了地质、物探和化探综合分析,预测成矿母岩(燕山期花岗斑岩)赋存位置,认为深部存在可能比目前主矿体规模更大的矿体,圈定了找矿预测靶区,为后期深部及外围勘查工作指明了方向。     

水系沉积物元素地球化学特征对区域剥蚀程度评价的指示:以青海省东昆仑大场金矿田为例

利用水系沉积物测量元素地球化学的相关特征，对青海东昆仑大场金矿集中区开展矿床、矿田尺度的剥蚀程度研究，可以为评价区域成矿潜力提供有力支撑，具有快速、有效、低成本的优点。选取青海省东昆仑大场金矿田的1∶5万水系沉积物测量数据进行了处理和分析，以热液渗滤晕分带理论为指导，依据区内金矿床原生晕在空间的分带性和次生异常的结构相似性，建立了整体成矿元素分散流与原生晕共性的元素组合和元素分带序列，分别采用了元素比值法、三角图解法和元素分带序列法来选取区域剥蚀程度评价参数，并结合实地地质矿产特征，评价了大场金矿田及周边地区7个异常区的剥蚀程度大小。研究结果表明:扎拉依北、格涌贡玛、东达哈日乌拉、照大额北地区的剥蚀程度较高；旁海、启得喜然地区的剥蚀程度中等；扎拉依-大场、照大额南地区的剥蚀程度一般；同时利用水系沉积物元素地球化学特征，多种评价指标的对比使用，可以有效快速地对区域剥蚀程度开展评价，为成矿潜力评价提供支持，对找矿勘查具有十分重要的指示意义。