基于球面DQG的数字高程建模算法与可视化表达

为有效解决经纬度格网与四元三角网(Quaternary Triangular Mesh,QTM)在全球地形建模方面存在的不足,根据球面DQG(Degenerate Quadtree Grid)的几何结构特点,选择双线性多项式内插方法进行格网点高程内插,给出基于球面DQG的DEM建模算法与效率分析,并应用美国地质调查局提供的GTOPO30全球地形数据进行相关实验。结果表明:全球DEM建模时,DQG所需的格网数是经纬度格网或QTM的2/3左右,且可视化操作(图形放大、缩小及漫游等)时画面平滑、流畅,没有抖动。     

一种改进的DQG格网编码与经纬度高效转换算法

格网编码与经纬度间的转换效率是影响格网应用的关键因素。现有转换算法难以满足海量空间大数据的实时计算与分析需求,效率有待提升。为此,该文提出一种改进的DQG格网编码与经纬度高效转换算法:首先,引入二进制DQG格网编码代替四进制编码;然后,根据DQG格元的分布特征推导出格元行号和经度差的关系,以此改进格元列号的计算过程;最后,使用查找表进行Morton码的编码和解码,以提高转换效率。实验结果表明,该文提出的DQG格网编码与经纬度转换算法的平均效率分别是四进制DQG、单层二维SDZ算法的20.15倍和4.58倍,基本满足海量格网数据的实时转换与计算需求,为海量空间大数据的高效计算与分析奠定了基础。     

SRG剖分编码与地理坐标的转换算法研究

提出一种基于SRG剖分方法的剖分编码与经纬度坐标之间的转换算法,不涉及任何投影变换,计算过程只需加、减、乘、除简单算术运算,计算速度快,且SRG剖分编码本身就具有固定的方向性,利于邻近搜索。算法中采用坐标系辅助区分一些难以区分的菱形块,降低了转化误码率,进而提高了转换的精度。     

内蒙古地区导航型GPS坐标转换参数的确定

利用三维空间坐标转换模型确定内蒙地区GPS坐标转换参数,并通过实测数据对参数的转换精度进行了验证,表明所求参数用于我区预查和普查阶段地质勘查工作的GPS坐标转换是可行性的。     

高程异常值对手持GPS接收机转换参数及测得高斯坐标的影响

本文在探讨不同的平移参数对大地坐标的改正数的影响的同时,根据高斯坐标与大地坐标的转换关系式,进而得知高斯坐标的变化量。     

基于球面DQG的矢量与地形数据无缝集成

现有的全球大规模空间数据可视化系统主要侧重于影像和地形数据的综合表达,针对矢量与地形的集成可视化能力相对较弱。该文以球面退化四叉树格网(Degenerate Quad-tree Grids,DQG)为基础,通过DQG格网的三角化过程构建了地表DEM模型,并提出了从矢量线对象到地形格网表面的映射方法。采用GTOPO30数据集和国界矢量数据进行了相关实验,结果表明:该方法能实现矢量数据与多分辨率DEM的无缝集成,并能有效地避免矢量对象"悬浮"和"入地"等现象。     

浅谈GPS在测量中的坐标转换

GPS在测量领域得到了广泛的应用,本文介绍将GPS所采集到的WGS-84坐标转换成工程所需的坐标的过程。     

球面退化四叉树格网的剖分及变形分析

为有效解决经纬度格网与四元三角网(QTM)在全球空间数据管理与操作中存在的不足,提出一种新的全球离散格网剖分方法——球面退化四叉树格网(DQG),给出该格网的剖分原理与编码规则,并对其进行几何变形计算与分析。结果表明:DQG既具有经纬度格网结构简单的特征,又具有QTM几何变形稳定等优点。     

试题问题与坐标图之间关系试题问题与坐标图之间关系的分析

题目城市房地产业的发展与城市化进程密切相关。图1为＂城市房地产业的发展规律示意图＂,读图可知城市化速度最快和城市发展水平最高的阶段分别是A.1、2 B.2、3C.2、4 D.3、4解析此题题干明确指出：＂城市房地产业的发展与城市化进程密切相关＂,即城市房地产业的发展是因为城市化的推动。或者说,城市房地产业的发展是为了给由农村迁往城市的人提供住房。后一种理解将城市化与房地产业的关系理想化了,但并无不妥。     

平面等边三角形坐标图的判读与训练

地理统计图表的判读与分析是地理读图能力的一个重要方面。在各类地理数据统计图表中，平面等边三角形坐标图的判读难度较大，2002年上海地理卷、2003年广东地理卷、2004年春季综卷、2005年江苏地理卷的考题都涉及平面等边三角形图的判读，此类图的判读已成为高考的重要考点，我们必须在复习中加以重视。此类图在给出的一个等边三角形内，分别作若干条三边的平行线，     

一种基于DEM的河网快速提取算法

目前从DEM中提取河网应用最普遍的是径向水流算法,但DEM中存在平地会形成平行水流,存在洼地会造成平行水流形成断流。该文提出一种快速提取算法:首先在DEM中标注山顶、平地、洼地和盆地,以山顶区域周围的低洼点为起点,按照最陡坡降追踪谷地,当追踪到盆地区域或其他谷地区域则结束;连接谷地和盆地,建立初步的河流网络。然后计算出网络中连接点的汇水量,舍弃汇水量小的节点的上游谷地,得到需要提取的网络。该算法避免了平行水流和断流的产生,其仅追踪从山顶区域(而非所有格网点)发育的水流,汇水量计算中仅计算连接点(而非所有格网点)的汇水量,实现了河网的快速提取。     

On the linear relation between mb and Ms for discrimination between explosions and earthquakes

Summary. The statistical capability of the m _b: M _s discriminant for the discrimination of earthquake and explosion populations is examined by application of discriminant functions to a group of 83 explosions and 72 earthquakes in Eurasia. Equations are derived for the probability that an event is an earthquake or an explosion. The positive sign of DIS in the decision index equation, DIS _i = 34.3383 – 11.9569 mb _t + 7.1161 M _si , indicates that the event i is an earthquake. Its negative sign indicates that event i is an explosion. The probability of correct classification for an event, P _i , is related to its DIS _i value, by P _i = [1-exp (DIS _i )]⁻¹, where a large, positive DIS indicates a high probability that an event is an earthquake and a large, negative DIS indicates a high probability that an event is an explosion. The discrimination line M _s = 1.680 m _b– 4.825, or m _b= 0.595 M _s+ 2.872 very successfully separates the explosion population from the earthquake population. The points on this line have an equal chance of being an earthquake or an explosion; moreover, for any event, the distance parallel to the M _s-axis from the point representing that event in the m _b: M _s plane to this line is a measure of the probability for the correct classification of that event.     

一种新的最小凸包算法及其应用

当前流行的最小凸包算法的时间复杂度相对较大,不适宜处理海量数据.该文提出一种新的平面离散点的最小凸包生成算法,其时间复杂度为O(nlogn).该算法通过排序、分区、指针定位、一遍扫描离散点集,在运算过程中对凸包顶点进行动态增加或删除,可快速生成点集的最小凸包.最终,求离散分布的居民点点集的最小凸包实例表明,该算法应用效果较好.     

大规模地形实时绘制算法

该文提出一种适合大规模地形实时绘制的简单高效的LOD简化算法。该算法使用一种紧凑有效的规则网格表示方法,优化网格节点的数目,减少可视化过程中的计算量,降低额外内存开销。探讨该算法相关的数据组织、视域裁剪、LOD层次选择、裂缝消除、三角形化等关键问题。实验结果表明,该算法实现简单,内存开销较少,CPU耗费小,对图形卡要求低,能够在普通机器上实现大规模地形的实时漫游。     

Regional variability in relationships between climate and dengue/DHF in Indonesia

Since 1970, the worldwide distribution, frequency and intensity of epidemics of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) have increased dramatically. In Indonesia, as elsewhere, the geographic distribution and behaviour of the two main vectors – Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus – and the consequent transmission dynamics of the disease are strongly influenced by climate. Monthly incidence data were examined in relation to monthly data for temperature, rainfall, rainfall anomalies, humidity and the Southern Oscillation Index for 1992–2001. Focusing on eight provinces, significant Pearson correlations were observed between dengue/DHF incidence and at least one climate variable ( r  = ±0.2 to ±0.43; P  < 0.05). Multiple regression analyses showed that 12.9–24.5 per cent of variance in incidence was explained by two or three climate variables in each province ( P  < 0.1–0.01). Rainfall appears to be the principal climatic agent affecting the geographic distribution and temporal pattern of incidence while temperature appears to play a critical role in outbreak intensity. Wide regional and temporal variations in the strength and nature of the observed associations led to the identification of three groups of provinces where increases in dengue/DHF incidence were variously associated with increased rainfall, decreased rainfall and/or high susceptibility to climate variability. Although climatic factors play an important role in explaining the timing and intensity of dengue/DHF outbreaks, a wide range of other factors specific to local environments also appear to be involved – information that may assist in the prediction and mitigation of regional dengue/DHF outbreaks.