湖南骑田岭花岗岩及其暗色微粒包体的地球化学与壳幔岩浆的混合作用

骑田岭岩体是南岭地区燕山早期具幔源组分贡献的花岗岩典型代表。其主体岩性为角闪黑云二长花岗岩和(角闪石)黑云正长花岗岩,其中发育暗色微粒包体和由暗色矿物组成的团块或条带。暗色微粒包体具有岩浆混合的大部分岩相学证据。如包体的浑圆状外形、塑性形变、冷凝边、斜长石An的“双峰式”分布、似环斑长石、针状磷灰石等。包体属于准铝质(A/KNC=0.72～1.00,平均0.85)钾玄岩系列岩石,寄主岩石为准铝或弱过铝质(A/KNC=0.89～1.06,平均0.97)高钾钙碱性系列的岩石。二者在主量和微量元素上表现出岩浆混合成因的演化趋势。包体与寄主岩石的同位素组成具趋同性,它们的ISr和εNd(t)值分别为0.71041～0.71263、-6.9～-5.3和0.70854～0.71416、-9.2～-5.1,均表现出壳幔混源花岗岩类岩石的特点。包体K-Ar年龄为152Ma,与其寄主岩石的形成年龄(155～161Ma)接近,显示岩浆混合作用发生的时间大致为晚侏罗世早期。对包体及其寄主岩石产出的构造背景和地球化学特征的综合分析表明,该岩体中的暗色微粒包体是在伸展作用的大地构造背景下,上涌的幔源基性岩浆及其诱发的长英质酸性岩浆混合作用的产物。     

浙江普陀山黑云母钾长花岗岩及其岩石包体的地球化学与岩浆混合作用

浙江普陀山岩体是我国东南沿海产出的由多阶段岩浆作用形成的典型I_A型复合花岗质杂岩体。锆石U_Pb定年结果显示该杂岩体主要由 3期岩浆侵入活动形成 ,自早至晚分别为石英闪长玢岩 (约 170Ma)、黑云母钾长花岗岩 (约 110Ma)和晶洞钾长花岗岩 (约 90Ma) ,其中黑云母钾长花岗岩是该杂岩体的主体岩性 ,在该类岩石中常发育有丰富的深色闪长质包体。本文重点研究了该杂岩体中的黑云母钾长花岗岩 (寄主岩 )及其中的深色闪长质包体。寄主花岗岩为高演化的I型花岗岩 ,地球化学特征表现为高硅、富碱、准铝或弱过铝质 ,富大离子亲石元素 (如Rb、Th等 )和轻稀土元素 (LREE/HREE =8.5 8～ 13.83) ,具有中强的铕负异常 (δEu =0 .2 9～ 0 .4 3) ,并显著亏损Sr、Ba、P和Ti等。闪长质包体与寄主岩之间主、微量元素表现出混合成因的演化趋势 ,二者具有相似的Nd同位素组成〔εNd(t)值分别为 - 6 .30～ - 6 .6 0和 - 6 .95～ - 7.12〕 ,均表现出壳幔混源花岗岩类岩石的特点。对包体与寄主岩产出构造背景和地球化学特征的综合分析表明 ,该杂岩体中的深色闪长质包体是在伸展引张构造背景下 ,上涌的幔源基性岩浆与其诱发的长英质岩浆混合作用的产物     

浙东早白垩世岩浆混合作用：新昌小将岩体U-Pb年代学及地球化学证据

在中国东南沿海地区广泛发育的中生代中酸性岩浆岩中多处发现了暗色包体,被认为是大规模壳幔相互作用和岩浆混合作用的产物。本文获得了浙东新昌地区小将岩体的花岗岩及暗色闪长质包体的锆石U-Pb年代学和和地球化学新结果。锆石U-Pb定年表明寄主花岗岩(121.1±0.9Ma)与暗色闪长质包体(117.6±1.0Ma)近于同期形成于早白垩纪。寄主花岗岩为高硅、富碱、富钾、准铝质或弱过铝质的钙碱性花岗岩,具有较强的铕负异常(δEu=0.23~0.30)和Sr、Ba、P和Ti等元素的亏损,属于高分异的I型花岗岩;暗色闪长质包体具有重稀土亏损的特征,与寄主花岗岩在主量和微量元素上呈现混合作用趋势。小将岩体的上述特征与浙东晚中生代和福建沿海同期的岩浆岩特征一致,它们可能都是在早白垩纪伸展构造背景下,起源于俯冲交代的岩石圈地幔部分熔融产生的基性岩浆或者演化为闪长质成分,并与壳源花岗质岩浆发生混合作用的结果。本文研究为浙东及浙闽沿海地区晚中生代壳-幔作用和岩浆混合作用提供了新的证据。     

秦岭环斑结构花岗岩中暗色包体的岩浆混合成因及岩石学意义——元素和Nd、Sr同位素地球化学证据

秦岭环斑结构花岗岩中的暗色包体主要为闪长质岩浆包体,SiO2(50％-62％)低,K2O Na2O(7．01％-9．4％) 高,里特曼指数(δ)为5-9,F、过渡性元素和稀土元素富集。包体和寄主岩石的主要氧化物之间具有良好的线性关系、稀土配分曲线和微量元素配分曲线相似,以及活动性组分、高场强元素、轻稀土和同位素特征等显示,寄主岩石和包体之间发生过明显的成分交换,这些成分在二者中大体上趋于平衡。这种特征表明,环斑结构花岗岩岩浆的形成至少与两种岩浆的混合有关。包体的(87Sr／86Sr)i较低(0．70514-0．70624)、εNd(t)值较高(-0．95--3．3)和富过渡性元素的特征揭示,形成包体的原始岩浆为起源于幔源的玄武质岩浆。包体和寄主岩石的关系显示岩浆的混合方式为基性岩浆注入到已经开始结晶的酸性岩浆。这些研究为环斑结构花岗岩是起源于地壳的酸性岩浆和起源于地幔的基性岩浆形成的混合岩浆结晶的产物提供了新证据;同时,也为环斑结构的混合成因研究提供了新思路和途径。     

江西印支期蔡江岩体中暗色微粒包体的发现及其地质意义

文章报道了江西蔡江花岗质岩体中发现暗色微粒包体,以及这些包体的地质、岩相学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学和元素地球化学特征。包体多呈椭圆状,显示淬冷边和反向脉,具有典型的岩浆结构并含有针状磷灰石,有的包体含有长石捕虏晶。包体具有相对较低的SiO₂（低至57.05 wt%）和较高的MgO+Fe₂O₃（高达14.21 wt%）含量。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年数据表明,包体形成于晚三叠世（224 Ma）,与寄主花岗岩（230~228 Ma）在误差范围内基本一致。上述特征表明,包体是离散的幔源偏基性岩浆团或者是幔源与寄主岩浆混合的产物。原始包体岩浆属于超钾质岩浆,可能是通过岩石圈地幔中交代成因的金云母辉石岩脉发生部分熔融而形成的。暗色微粒包体的发现为幔源岩浆底侵提供了直接证据,从而为蔡江花岗质岩石形成于较高温度提供佐证。该研究对于进一步探讨华南印支期花岗岩形成的热源机制具有意义。     

新疆克拉玛依岩体的岩浆混合作用成因：岩石地球化学证据

新疆西准噶尔地区克拉玛依花岗质岩体中发育大量闪长质微粒包体,并形成有岩浆混合成因的岩浆混合岩——石英闪长岩。包体成分主要为闪长质,显微镜下具有岩浆岩结构,岩浆混合特征十分明显,如:针状磷灰石,角闪石包裹辉石残晶,长石斑晶的溶蚀环带等特征。岩体中寄主岩石、岩浆混合岩、闪长质微粒包体、闪长玢岩脉分别代表岩浆混合演化过程中两端元岩浆按不同比例混合的产物。在岩石地球化学方面,包体与寄主岩石的主要氧化物之间具有良好的线性关系,寄主岩石和包体的稀土元素配分曲线和微量元素蛛网图形态相似;各种地球化学元素参数特征显示,寄主岩石与包体在岩石形成过程中发生过成分交换及均一化。特征元素比值及同位素等特征表明,闪长质包体的端元岩浆可能为幔源基性岩浆,寄主岩石的端元岩浆可能是以壳源为主的酸性岩浆。岩石地球化学特征进一步佐证了该区岩浆混合作用的存在,同时也暗示岩浆混合作用可能是新疆北部后碰撞过程中重要的岩浆活动形式。     

暗色微粒包体是壳幔岩浆混合作用的证据吗？

暗色微粒包体常见于钙碱性花岗岩中,已普遍被认为是幔源基性岩浆与壳源酸性岩浆在地壳深部发生混合作用的产物。本文通过大量资料的分析研究,发现暗色微粒包体可以具有很大负值的全岩εNd（t）值和锆石εHf（t）值,及大于0710的全岩\[n（87Sr）/n（86Sr）\]i值,不存在幔源岩浆混合的痕迹;而且,大多数暗色微粒包体与寄主花岗岩在晶体化学、形成年龄、全岩和锆石同位素成分等方面显示出完全相似的特征,反映出两者在时空与物质上都具有紧密的成因联系。本文认为,暗色微粒包体不应该是壳幔岩浆混合作用的产物。基于包体岩浆极小的体量和稍晚的侵位（相对于寄主花岗岩）,本文提出一种新的暗色微粒包体的形成方式：同造山花岗岩浆的主动上侵造成岩浆房内的 “负压力” 而导致岩浆房下部呈晶粥状态的闪长质层发生等温减压熔融作用,从而形成体量极小的包体岩浆;并即时 “注入” 地壳上部尚未固结的寄主花岗岩中,快速冷凝形成暗色微粒包体。因此,暗色微粒包体不能被视作为 “壳幔岩浆混合作用” 的证据。     

粤西晚侏罗世花岗质岩体及其暗色微粒包体的成因及意义:年代学、矿物学和地球化学约束

粤西阳江市八二花岗质岩体中广泛发育似斑状细粒闪长质暗色微粒包体,这些暗色微粒包体形态多样,与寄主岩具相似的矿物组合,对研究花岗岩成因和壳-幔相互作用具有十分重要的意义.为了探讨它们的岩石成因及构造属性,对寄主岩和暗色微粒包体开展了系统的岩相学、年代学和地球化学研究.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,寄主岩年龄为160.0±1.0 Ma,暗色微粒包体年龄为159.3±1.1 Ma,均为晚侏罗世的产物.全岩地球化学特征显示,寄主岩属于富钾的准铝质I型花岗岩,寄主岩和暗色微粒包体均富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素和Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素.此外,两者具相似的Sr-Nd同位素组成,寄主岩的ε_Nd（t）值为-5.73~-5.67,（87Sr/86Sr）_i值为0.707 63~0.707 67;而暗色微粒包体的ε_Nd（t）值为-5.81~-4.35,（87Sr/86Sr）_i值为0.707 04~0.707 74.锆石饱和温度计和角闪石全铝压力计表明八二花岗质岩体结晶于730~754℃和19.8~20.6 km.综合寄主岩及其暗色微粒包体的岩石学、地球化学、同位素特征,晚侏罗世八二花岗质岩体可能形成于陆内伸展背景,由于软流圈物质上涌底侵,导致中下地壳变基性岩为主的源岩部分熔融,并且源区有少量幔源物质的加入,局部可能存在岩浆混合作用;暗色微粒包体是由镁铁质岩浆与长英质岩浆混合形成的.      

滇西马厂箐岩体暗色包体成因研究

滇西马厂箐岩体斑状花岗岩中发育大量暗色包体.对包体和寄主岩的主量、稀土、微量元素及Pb同位素进行分析.主量和微量元素研究表明,包体及寄主岩具有一定的成因联系.Pb同位素则反映两者可能分别起源于EMⅡ和下地壳.在此基础之上结合包体岩相学研究,认为暗色包体是岩浆混合作用的产物.暗色包体对于揭示富碱岩浆起源、深部作用过程以及其与成矿的关系等提供了可靠的地质依据,反映了马厂箐岩体可能是壳幔岩浆混合成因,幔源岩浆提供了成矿物质.     

河北寿王坟花岗闪长岩中暗色微粒岩石包体的成因

暗色微粒岩石包体可以提供花岗岩浆的起源和演化、壳—幔物质及能量交换、岩浆混合等重要信息。河北兴隆寿王坟闪长质暗色微粒岩石包体及其寄主花岗闪长岩的岩石学、岩石地球化学特征显示了岩浆的混合成因,并具有以下特征:(1)在基性岩浆中丰度大于酸性岩浆中的不相容元素在与SiO2的相关图中呈一向上凸的弧形型式;(2)在基性岩浆中丰度小于酸性岩浆中的不相容元素在与SiO2的相关图中呈正相关的线性趋势;(3)相容元素在与SiO2的相关图中呈一负相关的线性趋势;(4)在w(La) w(La)/w(Sm)图上微粒包体与其寄主花岗闪长岩为一下凹的型式。基性岩浆与酸性岩浆的两端元岩浆的简单混合模型不能解释以上特征,可以用三阶段混合模型来解释,即第一阶段为基性岩浆注入酸性岩浆中,第二阶段为基性岩浆演化并分离结晶形成微粒包体,第三阶段为演化了的基性岩浆与酸性岩浆混合,形成寄主花岗闪长岩。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of